scholarly journals Polyamine Oxidation Is Indispensable for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Oxidative Response and Necrotic Reactions during Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2787
Author(s):  
Marta Dmochowska-Boguta ◽  
Yuliya Kloc ◽  
Waclaw Orczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Polyamine Oxidation

Hydrogen peroxide is a signal and effector molecule in the plant response to pathogen infection. Wheat resistance to Puccinia triticina Eriks. is associated with necrosis triggered by oxidative burst. We investigated which enzyme system dominated in host oxidative reaction to P. triticina infection. The susceptible Thatcher cultivar and isogenic lines with defined resistance genes were inoculated with P. triticina spores. Using diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors, accumulation of H2O2 was analyzed in the infection sites. Both enzymes participated in the oxidative burst during compatible and incompatible interactions. Accumulation of H2O2 in guard cells, i.e., the first phase of the response, depended on DAO and the role of PAO was negligible. During the second phase, the patterns of H2O2 accumulation in the infection sites were more complex. Accumulation of H2O2 during compatible interaction (Thatcher and TcLr34 line) moderately depended on DAO and the reaction of TcLr34 was stronger than that of Thatcher. Accumulation of H2O2 during incompatible interaction of moderately resistant plants (TcLr24, TcLr25 and TcLr29) was DAO-dependent in TcLr29, while the changes in the remaining lines were not statistically significant. A strong oxidative burst in resistant plants (TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr26) was associated with both enzymes’ activities in TcLr9 and only with DAO in TcLr19 and TcLr26. The results are discussed in relation to other host oxidative systems, necrosis, and resistance level.

scholarly journals Non-hypersensitive leaf rust resistance of bread wheat cultivar PBW65 conditioned by genes different fromLr34

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Khan ◽  
R.G. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Highly Virulent

: The bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar PBW65 has shown hight levels of resistance to the most frequent and highly virulent Indian race 77-5 of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). The infection type and disease severity indicated a non-hypersensitive type of resistance against the race 77-5 in PBW65. The cultivar PBW65 was crossed with the leaf rust susceptible cultivar WL711 to determine the mode of inheritance of the resistance. The segregation for resistant and susceptible plants in the F<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>3</sub> generations revealed, that two genes, each showing additive effects, were likely to confer resistance to leaf rust in PBW65. Intercrossing of PBW65 with Cook (Lr34), RL6058 (Lr34) and HD2009, possessing a similar resistance level like PBW65, revealed that the genes for leaf rust resistance in PBW65 were non-allelic to Cook (Lr34), RL6058 (Lr34) as well as to the gene(s) in HD2009. It is concluded that the cultivar PBW65 is a novel source of non-hypersensitive leaf rust resistance.

UN MÉTODO PRECISO PARA MEDIR SEVERIDAD DE ROYA DE LA HOJA (Puccinia triticina Eriksson) EN TRIGO

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos P. Sauceda-Acosta ◽  
Gabriel A. Lugo-García ◽  
Héctor E. Villaseñor-Mir ◽  
Leopoldo Partida-Ruvalcaba ◽  
Álvaro Reyes-Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Para Determinar

La estimación visual de la severidad de una enfermedad es subjetiva y no repetible, por lo que se requiere investigar métodos alternos que midan con exactitud la superficie dañada de un órgano vegetal. En este estudio se desarrolló una metodología para medir la severidad de la roya de la hoja (Puccinia triticina Eriksson) en trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cvs. INIA F-66, Jupateco-73R, Morocco, Sonora F-64 y WL-711, con base en análisis de imágenes digitales (AID). Con el AID se calculó el porcentaje real de área foliar dañada por la enfermedad (MED, %), y se comparó con la metodología visual (EST, %) para estimar la severidad, realizada por tres evaluadores en dos muestreos con 10 repeticiones. La imagen de las hojas se obtuvo con escáner, AID se realizó y automatizó con el programa ImageJ 1.48r. Se midió el área foliar (AS, mm2), área dañada (AD, mm2), número (NTL), tamaño (TAM, mm2) y forma de las lesiones. Se calculó número de lesiones por cm2 (LPC) y la MED. Los métodos estuvieron correlacionados entre sí (rs = 0.86, P ≤ 0.0001); aunque EST carece de exactitud. Las severidades determinadas por los evaluadores y con el AID fueron diferentes (K-W ≈ X2 = 21.73, P ≤ 0.05). Los cultivares mostraron diferencias en MED y EST (P ≤ 0.001); pero los evaluadores sobrestimaron EST cuando el AD fue menor a 19 % y al rebasar este nivel la subestimaron. Morocco presentó la mayor MED (49.4 %). Jupateco-73R y Sonora F-64 tuvieron las menores NTL, TAM y LPC (P ≤ 0.001). Las ventajas de usar el AID son: permite discriminar entre AD y área sana, requiere menos de 1 min para determinar variables relacionadas con la severidad de roya. Este método presenta repetitividad, reduce el error experimental y la subjetividad.

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zheng ◽  
Jingchen Lin ◽  
Xingbei Liu ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
Jinpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Signal Specificity ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Polyploidy occurs prevalently and plays an important role during plant speciation and evolution. This phenomenon suggests polyploidy could develop novel features that enable them to adapt wider range of environmental conditions compared with diploid progenitors. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., BBAADD) is a typical allohexaploid species and generally exhibits greater salt tolerance than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (BBAA). However, little is known about the underlying molecular basis and the regulatory pathway of this trait. Here, we show that the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Salinity-induced TaHAG1 expression was associated with tolerance variation in polyploidy wheat. Overexpression, silencing and CRISPR-mediated knockout of TaHAG1 validated the role of TaHAG1 in salinity tolerance of wheat. TaHAG1 contributed to salt tolerance by modulating ROS production and signal specificity. Moreover, TaHAG1 directly targeted a subset of genes that are responsible for hydrogen peroxide production, and enrichment of TaHAG1 triggered increased H3 acetylation and transcriptional upregulation of these loci under salt stress. In addition, we found the salinity-induced TaHAG1-mediated ROS production pathway is involved in salt tolerance difference of wheat accessions with varying ploidy. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of how an epigenetic regulatory factor facilitates adaptability of polyploidy wheat and highlights this epigenetic modulator as a strategy for salt tolerance breeding in bread wheat.

Locally, together and close to the child - how the citizenship of school employees leads to the implementation of global standards of child protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 601 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Monika Czyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
School Employees ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
Global Standards

For social pedagogy, it is important to answer the question whether the school and its surroundings are today a place where adults, aware of social and legal responsibility, adequately respond to suspicions of domestic violence against schoolchildren, and whether there is a dissemination of child protection standards, which are emphasized in international documents. Using the case study method, in Warsaw's Praga district (which was the Polish "cradle" of interdisciplinary work in the 1990s) I conducted two research (using an interview technique) on the role of schools in preventing child abuse. 10 respondents took part in the first phase of the study in 2009, while in the second phase (in the years 2019–2020) – 15 respondents. The aim of the study (in both phases) was to identify experiences regarding the quality of cooperation among school employees as members of interdisciplinary teams, in two periods of teams’ activity: before the introduction of the amendment to the Act on Counteracting Domestic Violence in 2010, and after its introduction – from 2011 (the aim of the article is to compare these experiences from both periods). The results of the research show that cooperation within the interdisciplinary teams established by the amendment is generally perceived positively by the members of these teams, although those who cooperated before the amendment, i.e., not obligatorily, define today's cooperation as too formalized and bureaucratic. The respondents' statements prove that currently interdisciplinary teams (from the perspective of a school employee in the Praga-Południe district) are less effective, and participation in their work, although obligatory, is relatively less frequent than when the meetings were voluntary.

Cardiac rehabilitation during COVID-19 pandemic – new challenges, new opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Maciej Janiszewski ◽  
Artur Mamcarz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Artery Disease

The role of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR) is well established in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Many clinical trials demonstrated effectiveness of CCR in improving exercise capacity, quality of life, and in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, even before the era of the COVID-19 pandemic comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program’s implementation, especially the second phase, had many barriers. One of the main reasons for not attending in second phase of CCR was lack of transportation from patient’s home to rehabilitation centers. Additionally, in recent months COVID-19 pandemic has led to closure of many cardiac rehabilitation centres resulting in many eligible patients unable to participate in the optimisation of secondary prevention. During the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, hybrid telerehabilitation has become the leading solution in the cardiac rehabilitation programs. The present paper contains key information about structures, effectives and safety of hybrid telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals Pivotal role of bZIPs in amylose biosynthesis by genome survey and transcriptome analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Ankita Mishra ◽  
Himanshu Sharma ◽  
Dixit Sharma ◽  
Mohammed Saba Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Genome Survey
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