scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Induces the Increase of Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant Activity, Growth, and Productivity of the Common Bean under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Gaafar ◽  
Sami I. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Shawadfy ◽  
Zeinab A. Salama ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

One of the most vital environmental factors that restricts plant production in arid and semi-arid environments is the lack of fresh water and drought stress. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity is severely limited by abiotic stress, especially climate-related constraints. Therefore, a field experiment in split-plot design was carried out to examine the potential function of ascorbic acid (AsA) in mitigating the adverse effects of water stress on common bean. The experiment included two irrigation regimes (100% or 50% of crop evapotranspiration) and three AsA doses (0, 200, or 400 mg L−1 AsA). The results revealed that water stress reduced common bean photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), carbonic anhydrase activity, antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical activity scavenging activity and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation assay), growth and seed yield, while increased enzymatic antioxidants (peroxidase), secondary metabolites (phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins), malondialdehyde (MDA), and crop water productivity. In contrast, the AsA foliar spray enhanced all studied traits and the enhancement was gradual with the increasing AsA dose. The linear regression model predicted that when the AsA dose increase by 1.0 mg L−1, the seed yield is expected to increase by 0.06 g m−2. Enhanced water stress tolerance through adequate ascorbic acid application is a promising strategy to increase the tolerance and productivity of common bean under water stress. Moreover, the response of common bean to water deficit appears to be dependent on AsA dose.

scholarly journals Alpha-tocopherol fertigation confers growth physio-biochemical and qualitative yield enhancement in field grown water deficit wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Naeem Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Abstract Water stress is a major problem to fulfill the world food demand and to solve the problem of malnutrition. Different strategies are being used to solve these problems including the fertigation of plants with different biochemical at different growth stages. The present study was conducted for the induction of drought tolerance in field grown wheat for better yield and nutritional quality through foliar spray of α-tocopherol (α-Toc) at start of reproductive stage. Water stress was maintained based on number of irrigation. Three levels of α-Toc 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mM were applied as foliar spray. Water stress significantly reduced the biomass production that associated with the decreased photosynthetic pigments, water relation, photosynthetic efficiency, but increased the lipid peroxidation, leaf relative membrane permeability, activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of phenolic, flavonoids, α-toc and ASA. Water stress also negatively effected the different yield attributes and seed nutrient quality. Foliar fertigation of wheat plants with α-Toc significantly improved the water stress tolerance of wheat plants in term of improvement in growth and seed yield associated with improved water relations, photosynthetic efficiency, contents of photosynthetic pigments and improvement in antioxidative defence mechanism (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants). Fertigation of water stressed wheat plants with α-Toc also improved the seed nutritional quality in terms of the contents of seed phenolics, flavonoids, activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of α-, β- and γ-tocopherols. In conclusion, it was found that fertigation of water stressed wheat plants not only improved the water stress tolerance but also improved the seed yield and nutritional quality that will not only be helpful for the improvement in wheat yield that also be a step to solve the problem of malnutrition through the bio-fertification of α-Toc.

scholarly journals Promotion of Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Water-Stressed Triticum aestivum in Relation to Foliar-Application of Salicylic Acid

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Abida Parveen ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Rizwan Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Growth Attributes

The present work reports the assessment of the effectiveness of a foliar-spray of salicylic acid (SA) on growth attributes, biochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities and osmolytes accumulation in wheat grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stressed (60% field capacity) conditions. The total available water (TAW), calculated for a rooting depth of 1.65 m was 8.45 inches and readily available water (RAW), considering a depletion factor of 0.55, was 4.65 inches. The water contents corresponding to 100 and 60% field capacity were 5.70 and 1.66 inches, respectively. For this purpose, seeds of two wheat cultivars (Fsd-2008 and S-24) were grown in pots subjected to water stress. Water stress at 60% field capacity markedly reduced the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins (TSP) and total phenolic contents (TPC) compared with control. However, cv. Fsd-2008 was recorded as strongly drought-tolerant and performed better compared to cv. S-24, which was moderately drought tolerant. However, water stress enhanced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) contents. Foliar-spray with salicylic acid (SA; 0, 3 mM and 6 mM) effectively mitigated the adverse effects of water stress on both cultivars. SA application at 6 mM enhanced the shoot and root length, as well as their fresh and dry weights, and improved photosynthetic pigments. SA foliage application further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and phenolics contents. However, foliar-spray of SA reduced MDA, H2O2 and membrane permeability in both cultivars under stress conditions. The results of the present study suggest that foliar-spray of salicylic acid was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth attributes, antioxidant defense mechanisms, accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Ornamental Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Three Potted Bougainvillea Genotypes Grown in Two Shapes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Cirillo ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Rosanna Caputo ◽  
Giampaolo Raimondi ◽  
Stefania De Pascale
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency

Bougainvillea is widely used as flowering shrub in gardening and landscaping in the Mediterranean region characterized by limited water supply. The evaluation of deficit irrigation as a possible technique to improve water productivity and selection of genotypes that can better withstand soil water deficits are essential for sustainable production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on three potted Bougainvillea genotypes [B. glabra var. Sanderiana, B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’, B. ‘Lindleyana’ (=B. ‘Aurantiaca’)] grown in two shapes, globe and pyramid, on agronomical and physiological parameters. Irrigation treatments were based on the daily water use (100%, 50%, or 25%). The shoot, total dry biomass, leaf number, leaf area, and macronutrient [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)] concentration decreased in response to an increase in water stress with the lowest values recorded in the severe deficit irrigation (SDI) treatment. At 160 days after transplanting (DAT), the percentage of total dry biomass reduction caused by irrigation level was lower in B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ compared with B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ‘Lindleyana’ (=B. ‘Aurantiaca’). At 160 DAT, the flower index increased in response to an increase in water stress with the highest values recorded under both moderate deficit irrigation (MDI) and SDI for B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’. The biomass water use efficiency (WUE) increased under water stress conditions with the highest values recorded in B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ grown under MDI (average 1.43 and 1.25 g·L−1, respectively) and especially with SDI (average 1.68 and 1.36 g·L−1, respectively). A number of tolerance mechanisms such as increase in stomatal resistance, decrease in leaf water potential, and decrease in leaf osmotic potential have been observed, especially under SDI. The MDI treatment can be used successfully in Bougainvillea to reduce water consumption while improving the overall quality and WUE, whereas the genotypes B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ could be considered suitable for pot plant production.

scholarly journals α-Tocopherol Foliar Spray and Translocation Mediates Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Nutrient Uptake, and Oxidative Defense in Maize (Zea mays L.) under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider ◽  
Noman Habib ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Maize Cultivars

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the induction of drought tolerance in maize by foliar-applied α-tocopherol at early growth stage. Experiment was comprised two maize cultivars (Agaiti-2002 and EV-1098), two water stress levels (70% and 100% field capacity), and two α-tocopherol levels (0 mmol and 50 mmol) as foliar spray. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with three replications of each treatment. α-tocopherol was applied foliary at the early vegetative stage. Water stress reduced the growth of maize plants with an increase in lipid peroxidation in both maize cultivars. Contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and activities of antioxidant enzymes increased in studied plant parts under drought, while the nutrient uptake was decreased. Foliary-applied α-tocopherol improved the growth of both maize cultivars, associated with improvements in photosynthetic pigment, water relations, antioxidative mechanism, and better nutrient acquisition in root and shoot along with tocopherol contents and a decrease in lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the increase of tocopherol levels in roots after α-Toc foliar application confers its basipetal translocation. In conclusion, the findings confer the role of foliar-applied α-tocopherol in the induction of drought tolerance of maize associated with tissue specific improvements in antioxidative defense mechanism through its translocation.

scholarly journals Zinc Induced Variations in Dry Matter Production, Partitioning and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under Water Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
B. Srikanth ◽  
K. Jayalalitha ◽  
M. Sree Rekha
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Zinc Application

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla to study the effect of seed pre - treatment and foliar application of zinc on dry matter production, partitioning and yield of mungbean under water stress. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications consists of two main treatments viz., no stress i.e. control (M0) and stress from flowering stage (i.e. from 30 DAS) up to harvest (M1) and seven sub-treatments viz., no zinc application (S0), seed treatment with 0.05% and 0.075% ZnSO4 solutions for 5 hrs before sowing (S1 and S2), foliar spray of 300, 400 and 500 ppm ZnSO4 at 30 DAS (S3, S4 and S5) and water spray at 30 DAS (S6). The results showed that leaf, stem, reproductive parts, total dry matter and seed yield was decreased by 23.0, 23.3, 15.3, 18.7 and 33.6 per cent, respectively in the plants that were subjected to stress from flowering stage over control plants. Foliar zinc spray @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS increased the leaf, stem, reproductive parts dry matter, total dry matter and seed yield by 24.6, 24.8, 20.9, 22.5 and 55.2 per cent, respectively, over untreated plants. Normal irrigated plants sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm (M0S5) recorded the highest mean values of above parameters and the lowest mean values were recorded by the stressed plants with no zinc application (M1S0). Under water stress, mungbean plants sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M1S5) increased the leaf, stem, reproductive parts, total dry matter and seed yield by 17.6, 16.4, 23.9, 21.3 and 42.0 per cent, respectively, over unsprayed plants (M1S0).

Molecular Marker Assisted Approaches (MMAA) for enhancing Low Water Stress Tolerance in Common Bean: An Update

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Zargar ◽  
Muslima Nazir ◽  
Nancy Gupta ◽  
Sufia Farhat ◽  
Reetika Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq ◽  
Bukhari ◽  
Akram ◽  
Ashraf ◽  
Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system in four cultivars (16171, 16183, 16207 and 16246) of safflower under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Water stress (60% field capacity) significantly decreased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths and chlorophyll contents in all four safflower cultivars, while it increased the leaf free proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, hydrogen peroxide content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Foliar-applied (100 mg L−1 and 150 mg L−1) ascorbic acid caused a marked improvement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, chlorophyll and AsA contents as well as the activity of peroxidase (POD) enzyme particularly under water deficit conditions. It also increased the accumulation of leaf proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins and glycine betaine (GB) content in all four cultivars. Exogenously applied AsA lowered the contents of MDA and H2O2, and the activities of CAT and SOD enzymes. Overall, exogenously applied AsA had a positive effect on the growth of safflower plants under water deficit conditions which could be related to AsA-induced enhanced osmoprotection and regulation of antioxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis ameliorates water stress tolerance in maize and common bean

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Coelho de Lima ◽  
Adriana Lima Moro ◽  
Ana Claudia Pacheco Santos ◽  
Aurenivia Bonifacio ◽  
Ademir Sergio Ferreira Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance
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