scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of the Constitutive Disease Resistance 2 and 8 Genes from Poncirus trifoliata Restored the Hypersensitive Response and Resistance of Arabidopsis cdr1 Mutant to Bacterial Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Xiaobao Ying ◽  
Bryce Redfern ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. In the United States, this disease is associated with a phloem-restricted bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Commercial citrus cultivars are susceptible to HLB, but Poncirus trifoliata, a close relative of Citrus, is highly tolerant of HLB. Isolating P. trifoliata gene(s) controlling its HLB tolerance followed by expressing the gene(s) in citrus is considered a potential cisgenic approach to engineering citrus for tolerance to HLB. Previous gene expression studies indicated that the constitutive disease resistance (CDR) genes in P. trifoliata (PtCDRs) may play a vital role in its HLB tolerance. This study was designed to use Arabidopsis mutants as a model system to confirm the function of PtCDRs in plant disease resistance. PtCDR2 and PtCDR8 were amplified from P. trifoliata cDNA and transferred into the Arabidopsis cdr1 mutant, whose resident CDR1 gene was disrupted by T-DNA insertion. The PtCDR2 and PtCDR8 transgenic Arabidopsis cdr1 mutant restored its hypersensitive response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) expressing avrRpt2. The defense marker gene PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (PR1) expressed at much higher levels in the PtCDR2 or PtCDR8 transgenic cdr1 mutant than in the non-transgenic cdr1 mutant with or without pathogen infection. Multiplication of Pst DC3000 bacteria in Arabidopsis was inhibited by the expression of PtCDR2 and PtCDR8. Our results showed that PtCDR2 and PtCDR8 were functional in Arabidopsis and played a positive role in disease resistance and demonstrated that Arabidopsis mutants can be a useful alternate system for screening Poncirus genes before making the time-consuming effort to transfer them into citrus, a perennial woody plant that is highly recalcitrant for Agrobacterium or biolistic-mediated transformation.

scholarly journals Constitutive Expression of hrap Gene in Transgenic Tobacco Plant Enhances Resistance Against Virulent Bacterial Pathogens by Induction of a Hypersensitive Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 764-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mang-jye Ger ◽  
Cheng-hsien Chen ◽  
Shaw-yhi Hwang ◽  
Hsiang-en Huang ◽  
Appa Rao Podile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pathogen Infection

Hypersensitive response-assisting protein (HRAP) has been previously reported as an amphipathic plant protein isolated from sweet pepper that intensifies the harpinPss-mediated hypersensitive response (HR). The hrap gene has no appreciable similarity to any other known sequences, and its activity can be rapidly induced by incompatible pathogen infection. To assess the function of the hrap gene in plant disease resistance, the CaMV 35S promoter was used to express sweet pepper hrap in transgenic tobacco. Compared with wild-type tobacco, transgenic tobacco plants exhibit more sensitivity to harpinPss and show resistance to virulent pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). This disease resistance of transgenic tobacco does not originate from a constitutive HR, because endogenous level of salicylic acid and hsr203J mRNA showed similarities in transgenic and wild-type tobacco under noninfected conditions. However, following a virulent pathogen infection in hrap transgenic tobacco, hsr203J was rapidly induced and a micro-HR necrosis was visualized by trypan blue staining in the infiltration area. Consequently, we suggest that the disease resistance of transgenic plants may result from the induction of a HR by a virulent pathogen infection.

scholarly journals Suppressors of the Arabidopsis lsd5 Cell Death Mutation Identify Genes Involved in Regulating Disease Resistance Responses

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-319
Author(s):  
Jean-Benoit Morel ◽  
Jeffery L Dangl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Cell Death Phenotype ◽  
New Mutations

Abstract Cell death is associated with the development of the plant disease resistance hypersensitive reaction (HR). Arabidopsis lsd mutants that spontaneously exhibit cell death reminiscent of the HR were identified previously. To study further the regulatory context in which cell death acts during disease resistance, one of these mutants, lsd5, was used to isolate new mutations that suppress its cell death phenotype. Using a simple lethal screen, nine lsd5 cell death suppressors, designated phx (for the mythological bird Phoenix that rises from its ashes), were isolated. These mutants were characterized with respect to their response to a bacterial pathogen and oomycete parasite. The strongest suppressors—phx2, 3, 6, and 11-1—showed complex, differential patterns of disease resistance modifications. These suppressors attenuated disease resistance to avirulent isolates of the biotrophic Peronospora parasitica pathogen, but only phx2 and phx3 altered disease resistance to avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. Therefore, some of these phx mutants define common regulators of cell death and disease resistance. In addition, phx2 and phx3 exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to different virulent pathogens, confirming probable links between the disease resistance and susceptibility pathways.

scholarly journals A gossypol biosynthetic intermediate disturbs plant defence response

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20180319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Tian ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Jin-Quan Huang ◽  
Ling-Jian Wang ◽  
Ying-Bo Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Defence Response ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Highly Active

Plant secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis have attracted great interest, but investigations of the activities of hidden intermediates remain rare. Gossypol and related sesquiterpenes are the major phytoalexins in cotton. Among the six biosynthetic intermediates recently identified, 8-hydroxy-7-keto-δ-cadinene (C234) crippled the plant disease resistance when accumulated upon gene silencing. C234 harbours an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl thus is a reactive electrophile species. Here, we show that C234 application also dampened the Arabidopsis resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ( Psm ). We treated Arabidopsis with C234, Psm and ( Psm +C234), and analysed the leaf transcriptomes. While C234 alone exerted a mild effect, it greatly stimulated an over-response to the pathogen. Of the 7335 genes affected in the ( Psm +C234)-treated leaves, 3476 were unresponsive without the chemical, in which such functional categories as ‘nucleotides transport’, ‘vesicle transport’, ‘MAP kinases’, ‘G-proteins’, ‘protein assembly and cofactor ligation’ and ‘light reaction’ were enriched, suggesting that C234 disturbed certain physiological processes and the protein complex assembly, leading to distorted defence response and decreased disease resistance. As C234 is efficiently metabolized by CYP71BE79, plants of cotton lineage have evolved a highly active enzyme to prevent the phytotoxic intermediate accumulation during gossypol pathway evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

scholarly journals Natural Variation in the Arabidopsis Response to the Avirulence Gene hopPsyA Uncouples the Hypersensitive Response from Disease Resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Recessive Phenotype ◽  
Tight Association ◽  
Gene For Gene

The plant hypersensitive response (HR) is tightly associated with gene-for-gene resistance and has been proposed to function in containing pathogens at the invasion site. This tight association has made it difficult to unequivocally evaluate the importance of HR for plant disease resistance. Here, hopPsyA from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 is identified as a new avirulence gene for Arabidopsis that triggers resistance in the absence of macroscopic HR. Resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 expressing hopPsyA was EDS1-dependent and NDR1-independent. Intriguingly, several Arabidopsis accessions were resistant to DC3000(hopPsyA) in the absence of HR. This is comparable to the Arabidopsis response to avrRps4, but it is shown that hopPsyA does not signal through RPS4. In a cross between two hopPsyA-resistant accessions that differ in their HR response, the HR segregated as a recessive phenotype regulated by a single locus. This locus, HED1 (HR regulator in EDS1 pathway), is proposed to encode a protein whose activity can cause suppression of the EDS1-dependent HR signaling pathway. HED1-regulated symptomless gene-for-gene resistance responses may explain some cases of Arabidopsis resistance to bacteria that are classified as nonhost resistance.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas syringae Effector AvrPphB Suppresses AvrB-Induced Activation of RPM1 but Not AvrRpm1-Induced Activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Russell ◽  
Tom Ashfield ◽  
Roger W. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Soybean Plants

The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in Arabidopsis and soybean plants expressing the disease resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and Rpg1b, respectively. In Arabidopsis, AvrB induces RPM1-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) to phosphorylate a disease regulator known as RIN4, which subsequently activates RPM1-mediated defenses. Here, we show that AvrPphB can suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrB and this suppression is correlated with the cleavage of RIPK by AvrPphB. Significantly, AvrPphB does not suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrRpm1, suggesting that RIPK is not required for AvrRpm1-induced modification of RIN4. This observation indicates that AvrB and AvrRpm1 recognition is mediated by different mechanisms in Arabidopsis, despite their recognition being determined by a single R protein. Moreover, AvrB recognition but not AvrRpm1 recognition is suppressed by AvrPphB in soybean, suggesting that AvrB recognition requires a similar molecular mechanism in soybean and Arabidopsis. In support of this, we found that phosphodeficient mutations in the soybean GmRIN4a and GmRIN4b proteins are sufficient to block Rpg1b-mediated hypersensitive response in transient assays in Nicotiana glutinosa. Taken together, our results indicate that AvrB and AvrPphB target a conserved defense signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and soybean that includes RIPK and RIN4.

The Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Can Determine Effective Interaction Between RPS2 and Other Host Factors in Arabidopsis RPS2-Mediated Disease Resistance

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diya Banerjee ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang ◽  
Andrew F Bent
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Domain Swap ◽  
Allele Specific

Abstract Like many other plant disease resistance genes, Arabidopsis thaliana RPS2 encodes a product with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. This study explored the hypothesized interaction of RPS2 with other host factors that may be required for perception of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens that express avrRpt2 and/or for the subsequent induction of plant defense responses. Crosses between Arabidopsis ecotypes Col-0 (resistant) and Po-1 (susceptible) revealed segregation of more than one gene that controls resistance to P. syringae that express avrRpt2. Many F2 and F3 progeny exhibited intermediate resistance phenotypes. In addition to RPS2, at least one additional genetic interval associated with this defense response was identified and mapped using quantitative genetic methods. Further genetic and molecular genetic complementation experiments with cloned RPS2 alleles revealed that the Po-1 allele of RPS2 can function in a Col-0 genetic background, but not in a Po-1 background. The other resistance-determining genes of Po-1 can function, however, as they successfully conferred resistance in combination with the Col-0 allele of RPS2. Domain-swap experiments revealed that in RPS2, a polymorphism at six amino acids in the LRR region is responsible for this allele-specific ability to function with other host factors.

scholarly journals A 2′-O-Methyltransferase Responsible for Transfer RNA Anticodon Modification Is Pivotal for Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1323-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Ramírez ◽  
Beatriz González ◽  
Ana López ◽  
Maria Jose Castelló ◽  
Maria José Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Trna Modifications ◽  
Trna Species ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the most highly modified class of RNA species in all living organisms. Recent discoveries have revealed unprecedented complexity in the tRNA chemical structures, modification patterns, regulation, and function, suggesting that each modified nucleoside in tRNA may have its own specific function. However, in plants, our knowledge of the role of individual tRNA modifications and how they are regulated is very limited. In a genetic screen designed to identify factors regulating disease resistance in Arabidopsis, we identified SUPPRESSOR OF CSB3 9 (SCS9). Our results reveal SCS9 encodes a tRNA methyltransferase that mediates the 2′-O-ribose methylation of selected tRNA species in the anticodon loop. These SCS9-mediated tRNA modifications enhance susceptibility during infection with the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Lack of such tRNA modification, as observed in scs9 mutants, specifically dampens plant resistance against DC3000 without compromising the activation of the salicylic acid signaling pathway or the resistance to other biotrophic pathogens. Our results support a model that gives importance to the control of certain tRNA modifications for mounting an effective disease resistance in Arabidopsis toward DC3000 and, therefore, expands the repertoire of molecular components essential for an efficient disease resistance response.

scholarly journals Isolation of New Arabidopsis Mutants With Enhanced Disease Susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae by Direct Screening

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-548
Author(s):  
Sigrid M Volko ◽  
Thomas Boller ◽  
Frederick M Ausubel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
Pathogen Response

Abstract To identify plant defense components that are important in restricting the growth of virulent pathogens, we screened for Arabidopsis mutants in the accession Columbia (carrying the transgene BGL2-GUS) that display enhanced disease susceptibility to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326. Among six (out of a total of 11 isolated) enhanced disease susceptibility (eds) mutants that were studied in detail, we identified one allele of the previously described npr1/nim1/sai1 mutation, which is affected in mounting a systemic acquired resistance response, one allele of the previously identified EDS5 gene, and four EDS genes that have not been previously described. The six eds mutants studied in detail (npr1-4, eds5-2, eds10-1, eds11-1, eds12-1, and eds13-1) displayed different patterns of enhanced susceptibility to a variety of phytopathogenic bacteria and to the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii, suggesting that particular EDS genes have pathogen-specific roles in conferring resistance. All six eds mutants retained the ability to mount a hypersensitive response and to restrict the growth of the avirulent strain Psm ES4326/avrRpt2. With the exception of npr1-4, the mutants were able to initiate a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response, although enhanced growth of Psm ES4326 was still detectable in leaves of SAR-induced plants. The data presented here indicate that eds genes define a variety of components involved in limiting pathogen growth, that many additional EDS genes remain to be discovered, and that direct screens for mutants with altered susceptibility to pathogens are helpful in the dissection of complex pathogen response pathways in plants.

scholarly journals Oxathiapiprolin, a Novel Chemical Inducer Activates the Plant Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Qin Peng ◽  
Zhiwen Wang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Yinping Liang ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
H2o2 Accumulation ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Respiratory Burst Oxidase

Oxathiapiprolin was developed as a specific plant pathogenic oomycete inhibitor, previously shown to have highly curative and protective activities against the pepper Phytophthora blight disease under field and greenhouse tests. Therefore, it was hypothesized that oxathiapiprolin might potentially activate the plant disease resistance against pathogen infections. This study investigated the potential and related mechanism of oxathiapiprolin to activate the plant disease resistance using the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) and plant Arabidopsis interaction as the targeted system. Our results showed that oxathiapiprolin could activate the plant disease resistance against Pst DC3000, a non-target pathogen of oxathiapiprolin, in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. Our results also showed the enhanced callose deposition and H2O2 accumulation in the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis under the induction of flg22 as the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatment. Furthermore, increased levels of free salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were detected in the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis plants compared to the mock-treated ones under the challenge of Pst DC3000. Besides, the gene expression results confirmed that at 24 h after the infiltration with Pst DC3000, the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis plants had upregulated expression levels of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), JA-responsive gene (PDF1.2), and SA-responsive genes (PR1, PR2, and PR5) compared to the control. Taken together, oxathiapiprolin is identified as a novel chemical inducer which activates the plant disease resistance against Pst DC3000 by enhancing the callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and hormone SA and JA production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document