scholarly journals Orange Leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata Feeding Induces Gall Formation Nitrogen Dependently and Regulates Gibberellin Signaling

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Sho Miyazaki ◽  
Keita Kasahara ◽  
Soh Matsui ◽  
Makoto Tokuda ◽  
Yoko Saikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Ear Symptoms ◽  
Gibberellin Signaling

Orange leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata feeding induces wallaby ear symptoms, namely growth suppression and gall formation characterized by severe swelling of leaf veins, on various Poaceae, thereby leading to low crop yields. Here, we investigated the development of wallaby ear symptoms on rice seedlings due to C. bipunctata feeding. After confirming that C. bipunctata feeding induces growth suppression and gall formation on rice seedlings, we further demonstrated that gall formation score decreased with decreasing levels of nitrogen in the medium and that C. bipunctata feeding induces the expression levels of nitrogen transporter genes. These gene expression changes may participate in the nutrient accumulation observed in galled tissues and in gall formation. In addition, these expression changes should induce growth promotion but the inhibition of gibberellin signaling by C. bipunctata feeding might be the reason why growth is suppressed. Treatment with plant growth regulators did not affect gall formation, suggesting the existence of a complex gall formation mechanism by C. bipunctata feeding.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agriculture: An Important Natural Resource for Crop Improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Environmentally Sound

It is usually admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. The increasing demand for production with a significant reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best ecofriendly alternatives.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promoting Potentials of Beneficial Endophytic Escherichia coli USML2 in Association with Rice Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141
Author(s):  
Munirah Tharek ◽  
◽  
Dzulaikha Khairuddin ◽  
Nazalan Najimudin ◽  
Amir Hamzah Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

An endophytic Escherichia coli USML2 originally isolated from the inner part of an oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaf tissue was inoculated to rice seedlings to investigate its ability in colonising plant inner tissues and promoting growth. Infection of E. coli USML2 was initiated by colonisation on the root surface, invasion of the interior root system followed by endophytic spreading. Inoculation of E. coli USML2 in the rice rhizosphere zone resulted in a significant increase in leaf numbers (33.3%), chlorophyll content (33.3%), shoot height (34.8%) and plant dry weight (90.4%) of 42 days old rice seedlings as compared to the control. These findings also demonstrated the ability of E. coli USML2 to spread endophytically which serves as a beneficial strategy for the bacterium to colonise the host plant and gain protection against adverse soil conditions. The genome of E. coli USML2 had also revealed predicted genes essential for endophytic bacterial colonisation and plant growth promotion which further proven potentials of E. coli USML2 as Plant Growth Promoting Endophyte (PGPE).

scholarly journals Cloning and Expression of the EsxA Gene and Analysis of the Growth-Promoting Effects of the Encoded Protein on Rice Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qing Yu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yi Cong Tang ◽  
Feng Chao Yan ◽  
Wen Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Eukaryotic Expression ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract An EsxA-encoding gene was previously identified in the genome of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus terrae strain NK3-4. The EsxA gene was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris , after which the effects of the EsxA protein on rice seedling growth were analyzed to determine whether EsxA contributes to the plant growth-promoting activity of strain NK3-4. The EsxA gene was successfully cloned from the NK3-4 genome and ligated to the eukaryotic expression vector pPICZαA. The resulting pPICZαA- EsxA recombinant plasmid was inserted into P. pastoris cells, and EsxA gene expression in the yeast cells was confirmed. The treatment of seed- buds with the EsxA protein increased the root length by 1.35-times, but decreased the bud length. Additionally, in rice seedlings treated with EsxA, the root and shoot lengths increased by 2.6- and 1.7-times, respectively. These findings imply that EsxA is important for the promotion of rice plant growth by P. terrae strain NK3-4. Furthermore, the construction of the EsxA gene expression vector and the engineered strain may be useful for future investigations of the mechanism underlying the plant growth-promoting effects of EsxA, with implications for the application of EsxA for regulating plant growth.

scholarly journals N2 Fixation, Nutrient Accumulation and Plant Growth Promotion by Rhizobacteria in Association with Oil Palm Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 1269-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Amir ◽  
Z.H. Shamsuddin . ◽  
M.S. Halimi . ◽  
M.F. Ramlan . ◽  
M. Marziah .
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation

scholarly journals Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10529
Author(s):  
Qudsia Saeed ◽  
Wang Xiukang ◽  
Fasih Ullah Haider ◽  
Jiří Kučerik ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
World Population ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations

Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in food demand for the increasing world population. In the meanwhile, the scientific community is facing key challenges in increasing crop production from the existing land base. In this regard, traditional farming has witnessed enhanced per acre crop yields due to irregular and injudicious use of agrochemicals, including pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, but at a substantial environmental cost. Another major concern in modern agriculture is that crop pests are developing pesticide resistance. Therefore, the future of sustainable crop production requires the use of alternative strategies that can enhance crop yields in an environmentally sound manner. The application of rhizobacteria, specifically, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as an alternative to chemical pesticides has gained much attention from the scientific community. These rhizobacteria harbor a number of mechanisms through which they promote plant growth, control plant pests, and induce resistance to various abiotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of rhizobacteria involved in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pests, and bioremediation of contaminated soils. It also focuses on the effects of PGPR inoculation on plant growth survival under environmental stress. Furthermore, the pros and cons of rhizobacterial application along with future directions for the sustainable use of rhizobacteria in agriculture are discussed in depth.

Silica Sol-Gel Microbead Encapsulation as a Novel Delivery Method for Symbiotic Microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Elissiry ◽  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Synthetic fertilizer is responsible for the greatly increased crop yields that have enabled worldwide industrialization. However, the production and use of such fertilizers are environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable; synthetic fertilizers are produced via non-renewable resources and fertilizer runoff causes groundwater contamination and eutrophication. A promising alternative to synthetic fertilizer is bacterial inoculation. In this process, a symbiotic relationship is formed between a crop and bacteria species that can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and stimulate plant hormone production. The bacteria carrier developed here aims to maintain bacteria viability while in storage, protect bacteria while encapsulated, and provide a sustained and controllable bacterial release. This novel bacterial delivery method utilizes inorganic nanomaterials, silica microbeads, to encapsulate symbiotic bacteria. These microbeads, which were produced with aqueous, non-toxic precursors, are sprayed directly onto crop seeds and solidify on the seeds as a resilient silica matrix. The bacterial release from the carrier was found by submerging coated seeds in solution to simulate degradation in soil environments, measuring the number of bacteria released by the plate count technique, and comparing the carrier to seeds coated only in bacteria. The carrier’s effectiveness to enhance plant growth was determined through greenhouse plant assays with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) plants and the nitrogen-fixing <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> Rm1021 strain. When compared to bacteria-only inoculation, the silica microbead carrier exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased holding capacity of viable bacteria and increased plant growth by a similar amount, demonstrating the capability of inorganic nanomaterials for microbial delivery. The carrier presented in this work has potential applications for commercial agriculture and presents an opportunity to further pursue more sustainable agricultural practices.

Silica Sol-Gel Microbead Encapsulation as a Novel Delivery Method for Symbiotic Microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Elissiry ◽  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Synthetic fertilizer is responsible for the greatly increased crop yields that have enabled worldwide industrialization. However, the production and use of such fertilizers are environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable; synthetic fertilizers are produced via non-renewable resources and fertilizer runoff causes groundwater contamination and eutrophication. A promising alternative to synthetic fertilizer is bacterial inoculation. In this process, a symbiotic relationship is formed between a crop and bacteria species that can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and stimulate plant hormone production. The bacteria carrier developed here aims to maintain bacteria viability while in storage, protect bacteria while encapsulated, and provide a sustained and controllable bacterial release. This novel bacterial delivery method utilizes inorganic nanomaterials, silica microbeads, to encapsulate symbiotic bacteria. These microbeads, which were produced with aqueous, non-toxic precursors, are sprayed directly onto crop seeds and solidify on the seeds as a resilient silica matrix. The bacterial release from the carrier was found by submerging coated seeds in solution to simulate degradation in soil environments, measuring the number of bacteria released by the plate count technique, and comparing the carrier to seeds coated only in bacteria. The carrier’s effectiveness to enhance plant growth was determined through greenhouse plant assays with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) plants and the nitrogen-fixing <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> Rm1021 strain. When compared to bacteria-only inoculation, the silica microbead carrier exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased holding capacity of viable bacteria and increased plant growth by a similar amount, demonstrating the capability of inorganic nanomaterials for microbial delivery. The carrier presented in this work has potential applications for commercial agriculture and presents an opportunity to further pursue more sustainable agricultural practices.

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