scholarly journals Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity of Three Phytotoxins Produced by the Fungus, Stagonospora cirsii

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Dubovik ◽  
Anna Dalinova ◽  
Alexander Berestetskiy
Keyword(s):  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Leaf Cuticle ◽  
Intact Leaf ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Selection Of

The use of many fungal phytotoxins as natural herbicides is still limited because they cannot penetrate leaf cuticle without injury and a little is known on their selectivity. In order to assess the herbicidal potential of phytotoxic 10-membered lactones (stagonolide A, stagonolide K, and herbarumin I), the selection of adjuvants, the evaluation of selectivity of the toxins and the efficacy of their formulations were performed. Among four adjuvants tested, Hasten™ (0.1%, v/v) increased phytotoxic activity of all the toxins assayed on non-punctured leaf discs of Sonchus arvensis. When assayed on intact leaf fragments of 18 plants species, 10 species were low to moderately sensitive to stagonolide A, while just five and three species were sensitive to stagonolide K and herbarumin I, respectively. Both leaf damage or addition of Hasten™ (0.1%) to the formulations of the compounds considerably increased or altered the sensitivity of plants to the toxins. Stagonolide A was shown to be non-selective phytotoxin. The selectivity profile of stagonolide K and herbarumin I depended on the leaf wounding or the adjuvant addition. Stagonolide A and herbarumin I formulated in 0.5% Hasten™ showed considerable herbicidal effect on S. arvensis aerial shoots. This study supported the potential of the oil-based adjuvant Hasten™ to increase the herbicidal efficacy of natural phytotoxins.

Selection of cacao trees resistant to Ceratocystis wilt by inoculation in leaf discs and field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela dos Santos ◽  
Dilze Maria Argôlo Magalhães ◽  
Uilson Vanderlei Lopes ◽  
Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Selection Of

POTENTIAL USE OF Coronopus didymus (L.) SM. IN PARTHENIUM MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Alien Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Potential Use

This study aimed to assess a brassicaceous weed Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. as a source of potential natural herbicides for management of an alien weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Initially, the effect of aqueous leaf, stem, root and flower extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0%) of the weed was checked on germination and growth of the target weed. Leaf and stem extracts showed the best herbicidal activity and a 2.5% extract of the each plant part completely inhibited germination of parthenium seeds. The lowest extract concentration (0.5%) of leaf and stem reduced germination by 56 and 46%, shoot length by 43 and 12%, root length by 59 and 62%, and biomass of whole plant by 44 and 15%, respectively. Root and flower extracts were less herbicidal and reduced parthenium germination by 23–52% and 33–56%, respectively. In a pot experiment, soil was incorporated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.10, 1.2% (w/w) crushed dry biomass of C. didymus, parthenium seeds were sown after one week and the effect of amendment on germination and plant growth was recorded after 45 days of sowing. All the doses of soil amendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A 1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal potential for control of parthenium.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic activity of benzenesulfonamide derivatives. Part IV. Herbicidal activity of N-(2,3-epoxypropyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives.

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 3265-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi YONEYAMA ◽  
Nobumasa ICHIZEN ◽  
Makoto KONNAI ◽  
Tetsuo TAKEMATSU ◽  
Kazuyuki USHINOHAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Mercedes Verdeguer ◽  
Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras ◽  
Fabrizio Araniti
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Mode

Weeds are one of the major constraints in crop production affecting both yield and quality. The excessive and exclusive use of synthetic herbicides for their management is increasing the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and is provoking risks for the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new herbicides with multitarget-site activity, new modes of action and low impact on the environment and health are badly needed. The study of plant–plant interactions through the release of secondary metabolites could be a starting point for the identification of new molecules with herbicidal activity. Essential oils (EOs) and their components, mainly terpenoids, as pure natural compounds or in mixtures, because of their structural diversity and strong phytotoxic activity, could be good candidates for the development of new bioherbicides or could serve as a basis for the development of new natural-like low impact synthetic herbicides. EOs and terpenoids have been largely studied for their phytotoxicity and several evidences on their modes of action have been highlighted in the last decades through the use of integrated approaches. The review is focused on the knowledge concerning the phytotoxicity of these molecules, their putative target, as well as their potential mode of action.

scholarly journals Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1381
Author(s):  
Aya MAALOUL ◽  
Mercedes VERDEGUER SANCHO ◽  
Martina ODDO ◽  
Ezzeddine SAADAOUI ◽  
Monia JEBRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Old Trees

Water shortage throughout the world, especially in arid regions in the later decades has led to search for alternatives to save potable fresh water. Treated wastewater (TWW) appears to be an opportunity for irrigation. However, it could represent a stress factor for plants, and influence their metabolism, changing their secondary metabolites and, consequently, their biological properties. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EO) had been reported to possess phytotoxic activity. The main objective of this work was to compare the chemical composition and herbicidal activity of E. camaldulensis EO obtained from leaves of young plants and old trees irrigated with well water (WW) and TWW. Germination tests were performed in vitro against Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium perenne. The EOs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as main compound, was found in the EOs from leaves of young plants irrigated with both types of water. The EO from leaves of old trees irrigated with WW contained a main fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.17%) with p-cymene as principal compound. The highest herbicidal potential was shown by the EO from young plants irrigated with TWW. It completely inhibited A. hybridus and L. perenne germination, and nearly blocked the others at all concentrations assayed. It also showed strong phytotoxic activity on seedling length. The results suggest the possible use of TWW to irrigate Eucalyptus crops as it enhances the EOs herbicidal potential that could be used as natural herbicides.   In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

scholarly journals Fungal Phytotoxins with Potential Herbicidal Activity to Control Chenopodium album

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Marco Evidente ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Fungal Toxin ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Ascochyta Caulina ◽  
Selection Of

This review deals with the isolation and chemical and biological characterization of phytotoxins produced by Ascochyta caulina and Phoma chenopodiicola proposed as mycoherbicides for the biological control of Chenopodium album, a worldwide spread weed which causes serious problems to some agrarian crops, including sugar beet and maize. Studies on the structure activity relationships and on the modes of actions of toxins isolated are also described, as well as the optimization of analytical methods focused on selection of the best fungal toxin producers. The attempts to scale up production of these phytotoxins aimed to obtain sufficient amounts for their application in greenhouse and field trials are also reported.

scholarly journals Manuka Oil, A Natural Herbicide with Preemergence Activity

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck E. Dayan ◽  
J'Lynn Howell ◽  
Jannie P. Marais ◽  
Daneel Ferreira ◽  
Marja Koivunen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Systemic Activity ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Natural Herbicide ◽  
Leptospermum Scoparium ◽  
Manuka Oil

Natural herbicides approved in organic agriculture are primarily nonselective burn-down essential oils applied POST. Multiple applications are often required due to their low efficacy. To address this problem, the in vivo herbicidal activity of manuka oil, the essential oil distilled from manuka tree (Leptospermum scopariumJ.R. and G. Forst), was tested on selected broadleaf and grass weeds. While manuka oil exhibited good POST activity when applied in combination with a commercial lemongrass oil–based herbicide, it ultimately demonstrated interesting PRE activity, providing control of large crabgrass seedlings at a rate of 3 L ha−1. Manuka oil and its main active ingredient, leptospermone, were stable in soil for up to 7 d and had half-lives of 18 and 15 d, respectively. The systemic activity of manuka oil addresses many of the current limitations associated with natural herbicides. Additionally, its soil persistence opens up a multitude of new possibilities for the use of manuka oil as a tool for weed management and may be a potential bridge between traditional and organic agriculture.

scholarly journals Radicinin, a Fungal Phytotoxin as a Target-Specific Bioherbicide for Invasive Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) Control

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Fabrizio Freda ◽  
Felicia Sangermano ◽  
Viola Calabrò ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

The fungal pathogens Cochliobolus australiensis and Pyricularia grisea have recently been isolated from diseased leaves of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in its North American range, and their ability to produce phytotoxic metabolites that could potentially be used as natural herbicides against this invasive weed was investigated. Fourteen secondary metabolites obtained from in vitro cultures of these two pathogens were tested by leaf puncture assay on the host plant at different concentrations. Radicinin and (10S, 11S)-epi-pyriculol proved to be the most promising compounds. Thus, their phytotoxic activity was also evaluated on non-host indigenous plants. Radicinin demonstrated high target-specific toxicity on buffelgrass, low toxicity to native plants, and no teratogenic, sub-lethal, or lethal effects on zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. It is now under consideration for the development of a target-specific bioherbicide to be used against buffelgrass in natural systems where synthetic herbicides cause excessive damage to native plants.

Herbicidal Activity of Three Sesquiterpene Lactones on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Their Possible Mode of Action

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil ◽  
Neama Abdel-Razeek ◽  
Salah A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Starting Point

Inhibitory effects of two sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and parthenolide, isolated from dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of southern magnolia and a parthenolide derivative, 1,10-epoxyparthenolide, were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of wild oat. The sesquiterpene lactones effected a significant reduction of seed germination, particularly at the highest concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1, with costunolide being the most active one. Furthermore, the three sesquiterpenes strongly inhibited root and shoot growth of the weed. However, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. Parthenolide inhibited growth of both root and shoot more strongly than the other compounds and a reference herbicide imazamethabenz. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1, parthenolide caused 87 and 41% growth inhibition of root and shoot, respectively. Parthenolide was tested for its effect on acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. The compound inhibited the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of 51.44 µM. The results of this study indicated that the herbicidal activity of the isolated sesquiterpene may be attributed to inhibition of ALS. The promising phytotoxic activity of sesquitepene lactones reported here could be considered a starting point for developing environmentally safer herbicides.

Screening eucalypts for frost tolerance in breeding programs

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Raymond ◽  
J.V. Owen ◽  
K.G. Eldridge ◽  
C.E. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Relative Conductivity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Improvements in a laboratory technique and statistical methods for screening eucalypts for relative frost tolerance using small samples of leaf tissue are described. As a contribution to more efficient genetic selection in a breeding program, these methods aim to provide reliable estimates of relative frost tolerance for ranking genotypes and to allow partitioning of total variation into components due to provenances, families, and individuals. Examination of sampling strategies indicated that four leaf discs per seedling at three frosting temperatures and 10 seedlings per family provided highly reliable estimates of frost tolerance. Mean relative conductivity values were found to be highly correlated with mean leaf damage sustained by a seedling across the whole range of values. Alternative methods of data analysis are compared. Estimation of LD50 values (the temperature at which 50% of leaf discs would be killed) and calculation of percent survival of leaf discs were found to be less efficient means of data analysis than directly analysing relative conductivity values. The nature of genetic control of frost tolerance and the assumptions underlying such nondestructive screening techniques are examined.

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