scholarly journals Manuka Oil, A Natural Herbicide with Preemergence Activity

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck E. Dayan ◽  
J'Lynn Howell ◽  
Jannie P. Marais ◽  
Daneel Ferreira ◽  
Marja Koivunen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Systemic Activity ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Natural Herbicide ◽  
Leptospermum Scoparium ◽  
Manuka Oil

Natural herbicides approved in organic agriculture are primarily nonselective burn-down essential oils applied POST. Multiple applications are often required due to their low efficacy. To address this problem, the in vivo herbicidal activity of manuka oil, the essential oil distilled from manuka tree (Leptospermum scopariumJ.R. and G. Forst), was tested on selected broadleaf and grass weeds. While manuka oil exhibited good POST activity when applied in combination with a commercial lemongrass oil–based herbicide, it ultimately demonstrated interesting PRE activity, providing control of large crabgrass seedlings at a rate of 3 L ha−1. Manuka oil and its main active ingredient, leptospermone, were stable in soil for up to 7 d and had half-lives of 18 and 15 d, respectively. The systemic activity of manuka oil addresses many of the current limitations associated with natural herbicides. Additionally, its soil persistence opens up a multitude of new possibilities for the use of manuka oil as a tool for weed management and may be a potential bridge between traditional and organic agriculture.

scholarly journals Production and formulation of a bioherbicide as environment-friendly and safer alternative for weed control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5938-5943
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Target Control ◽  
Fermented Broth ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Fermentation Media

Bioherbicides are an alternative more environment-friendly for weed management in organic agriculture and also providing new modes of action for conventional agriculture. In this way, the present study is focused on the optimization of bioherbicide production by Phoma sp. in submerged fermentation and the development of a formulation to increase its efficiency. Fermentation media based on sucrose and corn steep liquor (CSL) was optimized aiming to maximize the target control. Additionally, several formulations containing adjuvants and fermented broth were developed aiming to increase the herbicidal activity. The optimized condition for bioherbicide production was 13 g.L-1 of sucrose and 15 g.L-1 of CSL. The use of adjuvants increased the herbicidal activity in pre and post-emergence of C. sativus and S. bicolor. The maximum herbicidal activity was obtained with 30% v/v of fermented broth combined with 1% v/v of surfactant and nitrogen source.

Labile carbon and other soil quality indicators in two tillage systems during transition to organic agriculture

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bruce Lewis ◽  
Jason P. Kaye ◽  
Randa Jabbour ◽  
Mary E. Barbercheck
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Soil Attributes

AbstractWeed management is one of the primary challenges for producers transitioning from conventional to organic agriculture. Tillage and the use of cover crops are two weed control tactics available to farmers transitioning to organic management, but little is known about their interactive effects on soil quality during the transition period. We investigated the response of soils to tillage and initial cover crop during the 3-year transition to organic in a cover crop–soybean (Glycine max)–maize (Zea mays) rotation in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA. The tillage treatment contrasted full, inversion tillage with moldboard plowing (FT) versus reduced tillage with chisel plowing (RT). The cover crop treatment contrasted annual versus mostly perennial species during the first year of the rotation. The experiment was initiated twice (Start 1 and Start 2), in consecutive years in adjacent fields. By the end of the experiment, labile carbon, electrical conductivity, pH and soil moisture were all greater under RT than under FT in both starts. Soil organic matter and several other soil attributes were greater under RT than under FT in Start 1, but not in Start 2, perhaps owing to differences between starts in initial field conditions and realized weather. Soil attributes did not differ between the two cover crop treatments. Combining our soils results with agronomic and economic analyses on these plots suggests that using RT during the organic transition can increase soil quality without compromising yield and profitability.

POTENTIAL USE OF Coronopus didymus (L.) SM. IN PARTHENIUM MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Alien Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Potential Use

This study aimed to assess a brassicaceous weed Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. as a source of potential natural herbicides for management of an alien weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Initially, the effect of aqueous leaf, stem, root and flower extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0%) of the weed was checked on germination and growth of the target weed. Leaf and stem extracts showed the best herbicidal activity and a 2.5% extract of the each plant part completely inhibited germination of parthenium seeds. The lowest extract concentration (0.5%) of leaf and stem reduced germination by 56 and 46%, shoot length by 43 and 12%, root length by 59 and 62%, and biomass of whole plant by 44 and 15%, respectively. Root and flower extracts were less herbicidal and reduced parthenium germination by 23–52% and 33–56%, respectively. In a pot experiment, soil was incorporated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.10, 1.2% (w/w) crushed dry biomass of C. didymus, parthenium seeds were sown after one week and the effect of amendment on germination and plant growth was recorded after 45 days of sowing. All the doses of soil amendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A 1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal potential for control of parthenium.

scholarly journals The Herbicidal Potential of Different Pelargonic Acid Products and Essential Oils against Several Important Weed Species

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687
Author(s):  
Ilias Travlos ◽  
Eleni Rapti ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Alexandros Tataridas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pelargonic Acid ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Manuka Oil

There is growing consideration among farmers and researchers regarding the development of natural herbicides providing sufficient levels of weed control. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of four different pelargonic acid products, three essential oils and two natural products’ mixtures against L. rigidum Gaud., A. sterilis L. and G. aparine L. Regarding grass weeds, it was noticed at 7 days after treatment that PA3 treatment (pelargonic acid 3.102% w/v + maleic hydrazide 0.459% w/v) was the least efficient treatment against L. rigidum and A. sterilis. The mixture of lemongrass oil and pelargonic acid resulted in 77% lower dry weight for L. rigidum in comparison to the control. Biomass reduction reached the level of 90% as compared to the control in the case of manuka oil and the efficacy of manuka oil and pelargonic acid mixture was similar. For sterile oat, weed biomass was recorded between 31% and 33% of the control for lemongrass oil, pine oil, PA1 (pelargonic acid 18.67% + maleic hydrazide 3%) and PA4 (pelargonic acid 18.67%) treatments. In addition, the mixture of manuka oil and pelargonic acid reduced weed biomass by 96% as compared to the control. Regarding the broadleaf species G. aparine, PA4 and PA1 treatments provided a 96–97% dry weight reduction compared to the corresponding value recorded for the untreated plants. PA2 (pelargonic acid 50% w/v) treatment and the mixture of manuka oil and pelargonic acid completely eliminated cleaver plants. The observations made for weed dry weight on the species level were similar to those made regarding plant height values recorded for each species. Further research is needed to study more natural substances and optimize the use of natural herbicides as well as natural herbicides’ mixtures in weed management strategies under different soil and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Crop in Organic Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frabboni ◽  
Tarantino ◽  
Petruzzi ◽  
Disciglio
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Natural Herbicides

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species in which the products requested from the market are those that are derived from the organic system. The study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effects, as natural herbicides, of two essential oils extracted from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and rosemary (Rosmarimum officinalis L.), with the objective of exploring the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. A field experiment was conducted over two seasons, when the infestation of 15 different weed species was detected. Each essential oil was applied at two different concentrations (50% diluted and undiluted), three times during the chamomile crop under an organic farm system. The results demonstrated that the germination of different weed species was affected differently by the type of essential oils and especially by their concentrations. The undiluted oils inhibited most of the germination of several weed species, highlighting a significantly higher percentage of Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) and suggesting the potential to be used as bio-herbicides. Bioherbicidal weed control methods could offer an advantage with respect to hand weeding, particularly from an economic point of view.

Encapsulation of inuloxin A, a plant germacrane sesquiterpene with potential herbicidal activity, in β-cyclodextrins

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2508-2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Moeini ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Maria C. Zonno ◽  
Angela Boari ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Natural Herbicide

A potential natural herbicide inuloxin A was successfully encapsulated in β-cyclodextrins, increasing its water solubility and preserving its biological properties for practical applications.

Fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity: chemical and biological characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Marco Evidente ◽  
Stefano Superchi ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Efficient Tool

Phytotoxins are an efficient tool to design natural safe bioherbicides for weed management. Agricultural products with low or nil risk to human and animal health could be obtained by avoiding the use of pesticides.

Resistance to Bensulfuron-Methyl in Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) Populations from Chilean Paddy Fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Figueroa ◽  
Marlene Gebauer ◽  
Albert Fischer ◽  
Marcelo Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Als Inhibitors

Bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) has been one of the most widely used herbicides in Chilean rice fields because it controls a wide spectrum of weeds and does not require field drainage for application. However, failures of BSM to control water plantain in rice fields have been noted since 2002. We assessed BSM effects on suspected resistant (CU1 and CU2) and susceptible (AN1) water plantain accessions collected in Chilean rice fields during 2004 and 2005. BSM rates resulting in 50% growth reduction (GR50) of CU2 and CU1 plants were 12- and 33-fold higher than for AN1 plants, respectively. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity assays in vitro suggested resistance in CU1 and CU2 was due to an ALS enzyme with reduced BSM sensitivity compared to the AN1 biotype. Resistance indices (RI), or ratios of the resistant to susceptibleI50values (BSM rate to inhibit ALS-enzyme activity by 50%), were 266 (CU2/AN1) and > 38,462 (CU1/AN1). This agreed with in vivo ALS activity assays whereRIwere 224 (CU2/AN1) and > 8,533 (CU1/AN1). Resistance levels detected in whole-plant or in vivo ALS activity assays were orders of magnitude lower than those detected in in vitro ALS activity studies suggesting nontarget site mechanisms may have mitigated BSM toxicity. However, a consistent ranking of BSM sensitivity levels (AN1 > CU2 > CU1) throughout all three types of assays suggests resistance is primarily endowed by low target site sensitivity. We conclude that susceptible and resistant water plantain biotypes coexist in Chilean paddies, and the use of integrated weed management involving herbicides with a different mode of action would be imperative to prevent further evolution of resistance to BSM and possibly cross-resistance to other ALS inhibitors. In vitro ALS-enzyme assays provided the best discrimination of resistance levels between biotypes.

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