Preparation and Characterization of Potato Starch Copolymers with a High Natural Polymer Content for the Removal of Cu(II) and Fe(III) from Solutions

Novel carbon nanofiller-based starch-g-polyacrylamide hybrid flocculation materials (St-PAM-CS) were in situ prepared using potato starch (St), acrylamide (AM), and hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (CSs; diameters of 300–400 nm). Structures of different St-PAM-CS systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and particle size analysis. The flocculation tests were evaluated by removing high turbidity kaolin suspension—initial absorbance 1.84. The effect of the St to AM molar ratio, doses, and content of CSs in hybrids on flocculation efficiency were examined. Satisfactory flocculation efficiency was obtained for all hybrids with 1 wt.% of the CS component. The highest reduction of the kaolin suspension absorbance (to 0.06) was observed for a 3 mL dose of the starch hybrid with the highest AM content. Additionally, St-PAM-CS showed a reduction in the sludge volume in time. The hybrids reached better flocculation efficiency in relation to the reference systems without CSs. The proposed flocculation mechanism (considering bridging, patching, and formation of hydrogen bonds) has been confirmed by the recorded results.

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Effect of dissolution rate and subsequent ion release on cytocompatibility properties of borophosphate glasses

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 85-97

Author(s):

Nusrat Sharmin ◽

Mohammad S. Hasan ◽

Md. Towhidul Islam ◽

Chengheng Pang ◽

Fu Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dissolution Rate ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Ion Release ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Cell Culture Study ◽

Borophosphate Glasses ◽

Mg63 Cells

AbstractPresent work explores the relationship between the composition, dissolution rate, ion release and cytocompatibility of a series of borophosphate glasses. While, the base glass was selected to be 40mol%P2O5-16mol%CaO-24mol%MgO-20mol%Na2O, three B2O3 modified glass compositions were formulated by replacing Na2O with 1, 5 and 10 mol% B2O3. Ion release study was conducted using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The thermal scans of the glasses as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed an increment in the thermal properties with increasing B2O3 content in the glasses. On the other hand, the dissolution rate of the glasses decreased with increasing B2O3 content. To identify the effect of boron ion release on the cytocompatibility properties of the glasses, MG63 cells were cultured on the surface of the glass discs. The in vitro cell culture study suggested that glasses with 5 mol% B2O3 (P40B5) showed better cell proliferation and metabolic activity as compares to the glasses with 10 mol% (P40B10) or with no B2O3 (P40B0). The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of live/dead stained MG63 cells attached to the surface of the glasses also revealed that the number of dead cells attached to P40B5 glasses were significantly lower than both P40B0 and P40B10 glasses.

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Twin-Chain Polymer Networks Loaded With Nanostructured Fluids for the Selective Removal of A Non-Original Varnish From A 20th Century Oil Painting At The Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27616/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luciano Pensabene Buemi ◽

Maria Laura Petruzzellis ◽

David Chelazzi ◽

Michele Baglioni ◽

Rosangela Mastrangelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Mechanical Action ◽

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Oil Painting ◽

Chain Polymer ◽

Osmotic Balance

Abstract This paper reports on the evaluation of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) “twin-chain” polymer network (TC-PN) combined with an oil-in-water nanostructured fluid (NSF) for the removal of a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) varnish. Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy showed that the structure of the gel and the NSF are only minimally altered by loading the fluid into the gel. The NSF is partially free to diffuse through the network, but also interacts with the gel walls. During the cleaning, the dynamics of the fluid at the gel-substrate interface are controlled by the osmotic balance taking place among the interconnected pores. These features grant effective and controlled cleaning performances. The case study identified for this research is Pablo Picasso’s The Studio (L’Atelier, 1928), one of the masterpieces in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (PGC). In 1969 the oil painting, originally unprotected, was wax-lined and then varnished using a PVAc varnish. Over the years, the white shades of the painting have been compromised by the yellowing of the varnish and soiling of deposits. On painting mock-ups, the NSF-loaded hydrogels allowed the swelling and softening of PVAc varnish and wax layers, which were then removed with gentle mechanical action. Effective varnish and wax removal at the micron scale, and the absence of residues from the cleaning system (gel and NSF), were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 2D imaging. The effective and safe removal of the aged PVAc varnish and wax layer from the surface of the painting was then carried out using the same cleaning protocol successfully tested on the mock-ups, setting the NSF-loaded PVA TC-PNs as robust and reliable tools for the cleaning of sensitive works of art.

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PHOSPHOLIPID ASSEMBLY ON SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR THERMORESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS

Nano LIFE ◽

10.1142/s1793984410000237 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 01 (03n04) ◽

pp. 251-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CHRISTOPHER HUTH ◽

DONGLU SHI ◽

FENG WANG ◽

DONALD CARRAHAR ◽

JIE LIAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Thermoresponsive nanocomposites were prepared by immobilizing a 2–3 nm thick phospholipid layer on the surface of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles via high-affinity avidin/biotin interactions. Morphological and physicochemical surface properties were assessed using transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The zeta potential of Fe3O4 colloids in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) decreased from -23.6 to -5.0 mV as a consequence of phospholipid immobilization. Nevertheless, heating properties of these superparamagnetic nanoparticles within an alternating magnetic field were not significantly affected. Hyperthermia-relevant temperatures > 40°C were achieved within 10–15 min using a 7-mT magnetic field alternating at a frequency of 1 MHz. Loading of the surface-associated phospholipid layer with the hydrophobic dye dansylcadaverine was accomplished at an efficiency of 479 ng/mg Fe3O4 . Release of this drug surrogate was temperature-dependent, resulting in a 2.5-fold greater release rate when nanoparticles were exposed to a temperature above the experimentally determined melting temperature of 39.7°C. These data underline the feasibility of preparing novel, stimulus-induced drug delivery systems where payload release from a colloid-immobilized phospholipid assembly is triggered by hyperthermia.

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Twin-chain polymer networks loaded with nanostructured fluids for the selective removal of a non-original varnish from the Picasso “L’Atelier” at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27616/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luciano Pensabene Buemi ◽

Maria Laura Petruzzellis ◽

David Chelazzi ◽

Michele Baglioni ◽

Rosangela Mastrangelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Mechanical Action ◽

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Oil Painting ◽

Chain Polymer ◽

Osmotic Balance

Abstract This paper reports on the evaluation of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) “twin-chain” polymer network (TC-PN) combined with an oil-in-water nanostructured fluid (NSF) for the removal of a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) varnish. Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy showed that the structure of the gel and the NSF are only minimally altered by loading the fluid into the gel. The NSF is partially free to diffuse through the network, but also interacts with the gel walls. During the cleaning, the dynamics of the fluid at the gel-substrate interface are controlled by the osmotic balance taking place among the interconnected pores. These features grant effective and controlled cleaning performances. The case study identified for this research is Pablo Picasso’s The Studio (L’Atelier, 1928), one of the masterpieces in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (PGC). In 1969 the oil painting, originally unprotected, was wax-lined and then varnished using a PVAc varnish. Over the years, the white shades of the painting have been compromised by the yellowing of the varnish and soiling of deposits. On painting mock-ups, the NSF-loaded hydrogels allowed the swelling and softening of PVAc varnish and wax layers, which were then removed with gentle mechanical action. Effective varnish and wax removal at the micron scale, and the absence of residues from the cleaning system (gel and NSF), were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 2D imaging. The effective and safe removal of the aged PVAc varnish and wax layer from the surface of the painting was then carried out using the same cleaning protocol successfully tested on the mock-ups, setting the NSF-loaded PVA TC-PNs as robust and reliable tools for the cleaning of sensitive works of art.

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Tunable Polyglycerol-Based Redox-Responsive Nanogels for Efficient Cytochrome C Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13081276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1276

Author(s):

Sebastian Schötz ◽

Felix Reisbeck ◽

Ann-Cathrin Schmitt ◽

Mathias Dimde ◽

Elisa Quaas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Diels Alder ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Inverse Electron Demand ◽

Redox Responsive ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Electron Demand

The sensitivity of therapeutic proteins is a challenge for their use in biomedical applications, as they are prone to degradation and opsonization, thus limiting their potential. This demands for the development of drug delivery systems shielding proteins and releasing them at the site of action. Here, we describe the synthesis of novel polyglycerol-based redox-responsive nanogels and report on their potential as nanocarrier systems for the delivery of cytochrome C (CC). This system is based on an encapsulation protocol of the therapeutic protein into the polymer network. NGs were formed via inverse nanoprecipitation using inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder cyclizations (iEDDA) between methyl tetrazines and norbornenes. Coprecipitation of CC led to high encapsulation efficiencies. Applying physiological reductive conditions of l-glutathione (GSH) led to degradation of the nanogel network, releasing 80% of the loaded CC within 48 h while maintaining protein functionality. Cytotoxicity measurements revealed high potency of CC-loaded NGs for various cancer cell lines with low IC50 values (up to 30 μg·mL−1), whereas free polymer was well tolerated up to a concentration of 1.50 mg·mL−1. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to monitor internalization of free and CC-loaded NGs and demonstrate the protein cargo’s release into the cytosol.

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Twin-Chain Polymer Networks Loaded With Nanostructured Fluids for the Selective Removal of a Non-Original Varnish From the Picasso’s “L’atelier” at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27616/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luciano Pensabene Buemi ◽

Maria Laura Petruzzellis ◽

David Chelazzi ◽

Michele Baglioni ◽

Rosangela Mastrangelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Mechanical Action ◽

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Oil Painting ◽

Chain Polymer ◽

Osmotic Balance

Abstract This paper reports on the evaluation of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) “twin-chain” polymer network (TC-PN) combined with an oil-in-water nanostructured fluid (NSF) for the removal of a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) varnish. Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy showed that the structure of the gel and the NSF are only minimally altered by loading the fluid into the gel. The NSF is partially free to diffuse through the network, but also interacts with the gel walls. During the cleaning, the dynamics of the fluid at the gel-substrate interface are controlled by the osmotic balance taking place among the interconnected pores. These features grant effective and controlled cleaning performances. The case study identified for this research is Pablo Picasso’s The Studio (L’Atelier, 1928), one of the masterpieces in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (PGC). In 1969 the oil painting, originally unprotected, was wax-lined and then varnished using a PVAc varnish. Over the years, the white shades of the painting have been compromised by the yellowing of the varnish and soiling of deposits. On painting mock-ups, the NSF-loaded hydrogels allowed the swelling and softening of PVAc varnish and wax layers, which were then removed with gentle mechanical action. Effective varnish and wax removal at the micron scale, and the absence of residues from the cleaning system (gel and NSF), were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 2D imaging. The effective and safe removal of the aged PVAc varnish and wax layer from the surface of the painting was then carried out using the same cleaning protocol successfully tested on the mock-ups, setting the NSF-loaded PVA TC-PNs as robust and reliable tools for the cleaning of sensitive works of art.

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Phase Transition of Waxy and Normal Wheat Starch Granules during Gelatinization

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2015/397128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pei Chen ◽

Xingxun Liu ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Parveen Sangwan ◽

Long Yu

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Wheat Starch ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Waxy Wheat ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Size Change ◽

Simple Order

The phase transition of waxy and normal wheat starches was systematically studied by light microscopy (LM) with a hot-stage, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While being heated in water, waxy wheat starch showed a higher gelatinization enthalpy than that for the normal starch, which was also verified by the changes in birefringence. As confirmed by LM and CLSM, starch granules displayed an increased swelling degree with temperature increasing, and the gelatinization initially occurred at the hilum (botanical center) of the granules and then spread rapidly to the periphery. While the temperature range of birefringence was narrower than that of granule size change, the crystalline structure was melted at lower temperatures than those for the molecular orders. These results indicate that starch gelatinization was a complex process rather than a simple order-to-disorder granule transition.

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A New Water-Soluble Thermosensitive Star-Like Copolymer as a Promising Carrier of the Chemotherapeutic Drug Doxorubicin

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3517

Author(s):

Mariia Chernykh ◽

Dmytro Zavalny ◽

Viktoriya Sokolova ◽

Stanislav Ponomarenko ◽

Svitlana Prylutska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

A new water-soluble thermosensitive star-like copolymer, dextran-graft-poly-N-iso-propilacrylamide (D-g-PNIPAM), was created and characterized by various techniques (size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy). The viability of cancer cell lines (human transformed cervix epithelial cells, HeLa) as a model for cancer cells was studied using MTT and Live/Dead assays after incubation with a D-g-PNIPAM copolymer as a carrier for the drug doxorubicin (Dox) as well as a D-g-PNIPAM + Dox mixture as a function of the concentration. FTIR spectroscopy clearly indicated the complex formation of Dox with the D-g-PNIPAM copolymer. The size distribution of particles in Hank’s solution was determined by the DLS technique at different temperatures. The in vitro uptake of the studied D-g-PNIPAM + Dox nanoparticles into cancer cells was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found that D-g-PNIPAM + Dox nanoparticles in contrast to Dox alone showed higher toxicity toward cancer cells. All of the aforementioned facts indicate a possibility of further preclinical studies of the water-soluble D-g-PNIPAM particles’ behavior in animal tumor models in vivo as promising carriers of anticancer agents.

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