scholarly journals 3D Printing at Micro-Level: Laser-Induced Forward Transfer and Two-Photon Polymerization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Mahmood ◽  
Andrei C. Popescu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Micro Fluidics ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Forward Transfer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) and two-photon polymerization (TPP) have proven their abilities to produce 3D complex microstructures at an extraordinary level of sophistication. Indeed, LIFT and TPP have supported the vision of providing a whole functional laboratory at a scale that can fit in the palm of a hand. This is only possible due to the developments in manufacturing at micro- and nano-scales. In a short time, LIFT and TPP have gained popularity, from being a microfabrication innovation utilized by laser experts to become a valuable instrument in the hands of researchers and technologists performing in various research and development areas, such as electronics, medicine, and micro-fluidics. In comparison with conventional micro-manufacturing methods, LIFT and TPP can produce exceptional 3D components. To gain benefits from LIFT and TPP, in-detail comprehension of the process and the manufactured parts’ mechanical–chemical characteristics is required. This review article discusses the 3D printing perspectives by LIFT and TPP. In the case of the LIFT technique, the principle, classification of derivative methods, the importance of flyer velocity and shock wave formation, printed materials, and their properties, as well as various applications, have been discussed. For TPP, involved mechanisms, the difference between TPP and single-photon polymerization, proximity effect, printing resolution, printed material properties, and different applications have been analyzed. Besides this, future research directions for the 3D printing community are reviewed and summarized.

3D printing hybrid organometallic polymer‐based biomaterials via laser two‐photon polymerization

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1928-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldas Balčiūnas ◽  
Sara J Baldock ◽  
Nadežda Dreižė ◽  
Monika Grubliauskaitė ◽  
Sarah Coultas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Organometallic Polymer ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Axial Control of Two-Photon Polymerization With Femtosecond Bessel Beam

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Shuting Lei
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Bessel Beam ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Simultaneous Generation ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Stereolithography of three-dimensional, arbitrarily-shaped objects is achieved by successively curing photopolymer on multiple 2D planes and then stacking these 2D slices into 3D objects. Often as a bottleneck for speeding up the fabrication process, this layer-by-layer approach originates from the lack of axial control of photopolymerization. In this paper, we present a novel stereolithography technology with which two-photon polymerization can be dynamically controlled in the axial direction using Bessel beam generated from a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an axicon. First, we use unmodulated Bessel beam to fabricate micro-wires with an average diameter of 100 μm and a length exceeding 10 mm, resulting in an aspect ratio > 100:1. A study on the polymerization process shows that a fabrication speed of 2 mm/s can be achieved. Defect and deformation are observed, and the micro-wires consist of multiple narrow fibers which indicate the existence of the self-writing effect. A test case is presented to demonstrate fast 3D printing of a hollow tube within one second. Next, we modulate the Bessel beam with an SLM and demonstrate the simultaneous generation of multiple focal spots along the laser propagation direction. These spots can be dynamically controlled by loading an image sequence on the SLM. The theoretical foundation of this technology is outlined, and computer simulation is conducted to verify the experimental results. The presented technology extends current stereolithography into the third dimension, and has the potential to significantly increase 3D printing speed.

scholarly journals Nanoscale 3D printing of hydrogels for cellular tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 2187-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangting You ◽  
Jiawen Li ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Claire Yu ◽  
Deqing Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Two-photon polymerization enables nanoscale 3D printing of hydrogels.

scholarly journals High-speed two-photon polymerization 3D printing with a microchip laser at its fundamental wavelength

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (18) ◽  
pp. 25119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Perevoznik ◽  
Rashid Nazir ◽  
Roman Kiyan ◽  
Kestutis Kurselis ◽  
Beata Koszarna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Microchip Laser ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Fundamental Wavelength ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

scholarly journals 3D Printing of large-scale and highly porous biodegradable tissue engineering scaffolds from poly(trimethylene-carbonate) using two-photon-polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 045036
Author(s):  
Gregor Weisgrab ◽  
Olivier Guillaume ◽  
Zhengchao Guo ◽  
Patrick Heimel ◽  
Paul Slezak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trimethylene Carbonate ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

scholarly journals Micro 3D Printing by Two-Photon Polymerization: Configurations and Parameters for the Nanoscribe System

Micro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
Ada-Ioana Bunea ◽  
Nuria del Castillo Iniesta ◽  
Ariadni Droumpali ◽  
Alexandre Emmanuel Wetzel ◽  
Einstom Engay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Design Freedom ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

3D printing by two-photon polymerization enables the fabrication of microstructures with complex shapes and critical dimensions of a few hundreds of nanometers. On state-of-the art commercial two-photon polymerization systems, an immense 3D design freedom can be put into practice by direct laser writing using a precise fabrication technology, which makes this approach highly attractive for different applications on the microscale, such as microrobotics, micro-optics, or biosensing. However, navigating the different possible configurations and selecting the optimal parameters for the fabrication process often requires intensive testing and optimization. In addition to the more established acrylate-based resins, there is a growing interest in the use of soft materials. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of various microscale structures by two-photon polymerization using a Nanoscribe Photonic Professional GT+ commercial system. Furthermore, we describe the different configurations of the system and parameter selection, as well as commercial resins and their chemical and mechanical properties. Finally, we provide a short guide aiming to serve as starting point for the two-photon polymerization-based fabrication of various microscale architectures with distinct characteristics.

Laser Structuring of Soft Materials: Laser-Induced Forward Transfer and Two-Photon Polymerization

2018 ◽  
pp. 247-273
Author(s):  
Flavian Stokker-Cheregi ◽  
Alexandra Palla-Papavlu ◽  
Irina Alexandra Paun ◽  
Thomas Lippert ◽  
Maria Dinescu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Materials ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Laser Structuring ◽  
Forward Transfer ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

scholarly journals Process Development for Additive Manufacturing of Alumina Toughened Zirconia for 3D Structures by Means of Two-Photon Absorption Technique

Ceramics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-239
Author(s):  
Gerhard Hildebrand ◽  
Johanna C. Sänger ◽  
Uwe Schirmer ◽  
Willi Mantei ◽  
Yannick Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon

Additive manufacturing is well established for plastics and metals, and it gets more and more implemented in a variety of industrial processes. Beside these well-established material platforms, additive manufacturing processes are highly interesting for ceramics, especially regarding resource conservation and for the production of complex three-dimensional shapes and structures with specific feature sizes in the µm and mm range with high accuracy. The usage of ceramics in 3D printing is, however, just at the beginning of a technical implementation in a continuously and fast rising field of research and development. The flexible fabrication of highly complex and precise 3D structures by means of light-induced photopolymerization that are difficult to realize using traditional ceramic fabrication methods such as casting and machining is of high importance. Generally, slurry-based ceramic 3D printing technologies involve liquid or semi-liquid polymeric systems dispersed with ceramic particles as feedstock (inks or pastes), depending on the solid loading and viscosity of the system. This paper includes all types of photo-curable polymer-ceramic-mixtures (feedstock), while demonstrating our own work on 3D printed alumina toughened zirconia based ceramic slurries with light induced polymerization on the basis of two-photon absorption (TPA) for the first time. As a proven exemplary on cuboids with varying edge length and double pyramids in the µm-range we state that real 3D micro-stereolithographic fabrication of ceramic products will be generally possible in the near future by means of TPA. This technology enables the fabrication of 3D structures with high accuracy in comparison to ceramic technologies that apply single-photon excitation. In sum, our work is intended to contribute to the fundamental development of this technology for the representation of oxide-ceramic components (proof-of-principle) and helps to exploit the high potential of additive processes in the field of bio-ceramics in the medium to long-term future.

3D printing of polymer structures by two-photon polymerization using Q-switched microchip laser

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Perevoznik ◽  
K. Kurselis ◽  
R. Kiyan ◽  
E. K. Nepomnyashchaya ◽  
E. T. Aksenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Microchip Laser ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization
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