scholarly journals N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Prepared from a Polybenzoxazine Precursor for High Performance Supercapacitors

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Periyasamy Thirukumaran ◽  
Raji Atchudan ◽  
Asrafali Shakila Parveen ◽  
Madhappan Santhamoorthy ◽  
Vanaraj Ramkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Activation Temperature

Supercapacitors store energy either by ion adsorption or fast surface redox reactions. The capacitance produced by the former is known as electrochemical double layer capacitance and the latter is known as pseudo-capacitance. Carbon materials are found to be attractive materials for energy storage, due to their various micro-structures and wide source of availability. Polybenzoxazine (Pbz) is used as a source to produce carbon materials, due to the fact that the obtained carbon will be rich in N and O species for enhanced performance. Moreover, the carbon materials were produced via template-free method. In general, activation temperature plays a main role in altering the porosity of the carbon materials. The main purpose of this study is to find the suitable activation temperature necessary to produce porous carbons with enhanced performance. Considering these points, Pbz is used as a precursor to produce nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NRPCs) without using any template. Three different activation temperatures, namely 700, 800 and 900 °C, are chosen to prepare activated porous carbons; NRPC-700, NRPC-800 and NRPC-900. Hierarchical micro-/ meso-/macropores were developed in the porous carbons with respect to different activation temperatures. PBz source is used to produce carbons containing heteroatoms and an activation process is used to produce carbons with desirable pore structures. The surface morphology, pore structure and binding of heteroatoms to the carbon surface were analyzed in detail. NRPCs produced in this way can be used as supercapacitors. Further, electrodes were developed using these NRPCs and their electrochemical performance including capacitance, specific capacitance, galvanic charge/discharge, impedance, rate capability are analyzed. The obtained results showed that the activation temperature of 900 °C, is suitable to produce NRPC with a specific capacitance of 245 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, that are attributed to high surface area, suitable pore structure and presence of heteroatoms.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbons Derived from Polybenzoxazine for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Liyan Dong ◽  
Guiping Lai ◽  
Meng Wei ◽  
Xingbi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Nitrogen Doped

Nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs), which are synthesized from benzoxazine resins, were successfully prepared following the processes of polymerization, carbonization, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. As the key factor, the KOH activation temperature influences the pore structure and surface functionality, which are crucial for the excellent performance. The HPC-800 material, with the highest activation temperature (800 °C), displays a hierarchical pore structure, a high specific surface area (1812.4 m2·g−1), large total pore volume (0.98 cm3·g−1), high nitrogen content (1.27%), and remarkable electrical conductivity. It has also presented an excellent electrochemical performance of high specific capacitance of 402.4 F·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1, excellent rate capability of 248.6 F·g−1 at 10 A·g−1, and long-term cycling stability with >99.0% capacitance retention after 500 cycles at 1 A·g−1 in 6 M KOH aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Chestnut-Derived Activated Carbon as a Prospective Material for Energy Storage

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Anita Cymann-Sachajdak ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Marek Klein ◽  
Justyna Łuczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Subsequent Activation

In this work, we present the preparation and characterization of biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) in view of its application as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. Porous carbons are prepared by pyrolysis of chestnut seeds and subsequent activation of the obtained biochar. We investigate here two activation methods, namely, physical by CO2 and chemical using KOH. Morphology, structure and specific surface area (SSA) of synthesized activated carbons are investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical studies show a clear dependence between the activation method (influencing porosity and SSA of AC) and electric capacitance values as well as rate capability of investigated electrodes. It is shown that well-developed porosity and high surface area, achieved by the chemical activation process, result in outstanding electrochemical performance of the chestnut-derived porous carbons.

scholarly journals Rambutan peel derived porous carbons for lithium sulfur battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arenst Andreas Arie ◽  
Hans Kristianto ◽  
Ratna Frida Susanti ◽  
Joong Kee Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

AbstractPorous carbons were prepared from the biomass waste rambutan peels using hydrothermal carbonization followed by the KOH activation process. Rambutan peel derived porous carbons (RPC) with high surface area of 2104 m2 g−1 and large pore volume of 1.2 cm3 g−1 were obtained at KOH/carbon ratio of 4 and activation temperature of 900 °C. The as-obtained porous carbons were capable of encapsulating sulfur with a high loading of 68.2 wt% to form RPC/S composite cathode for lithium sulfur (Li–S) battery. High specific discharge capacities of about 1275 mAh g−1 were demonstrated by the RPC/S composites at 0.1 C. After 200 cycles at 0.1 C, a high specific capacity of 936 mAh g−1 was maintained, showing an excellent capacity retention of about 73%.

scholarly journals Effect of Air Oxidation on Texture, Surface Properties and Dye Adsorption of Wood-Derived Porous Carbon Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhong Ren ◽  
Liping Deng ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yafang Lei ◽  
Haiqing Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Porous Carbon Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Hierarchical porous carbon materials made from cork were fabricated using a facile and green method combined with air activation, without any templates and chemical agents. The influence of air activation on the texture and other surface characteristics of the carbon materials were evaluated by various characterization techniques. Results indicate that air oxidation can effectively improve the surface area and the hierarchical porous structure of carbon materials, as well as increase the number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface. The specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbon material activated by air at 450 °C (C800-M450) can reach 580 m2/g and 0.379 cm3/g, respectively. These values are considerably higher than those for the non-activated material (C800, 376 m2/g, 0.201 cm3/g). The contents of the functional groups (C–O, C=O and O–H) increased with rising activation temperature. After air activation, the adsorption capacity of the carbon materials for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) was increased from 7.7 and 6.4 mg/g for C800 to 312.5 and 97.1 mg/g for C800-M450, respectively. The excellent dye removal of the materials suggests that the porous carbon obtained from biomass can be potentially used for wastewater treatment.

Highly Porous Carbon Derived from Sunflower Seed Shell for Electrochemical Capacitor

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1420-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xing ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Xiu Li Gao ◽  
Shu Ping Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Highly Porous

Highly porous carbons were prepared from sunflower seed shell (SSS) by chemical activation and used as electrode material for electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC). The surface area and pore structure of the porous carbons are characterized intensively using N2 adsorption technique. The results show that the pore-structure of the carbons is closely related to activation temperature. Electrochemical measurements show that the carbons have excellent capacitive behavior and high capacitance retention ratio at high drain current, which is due to that there are both abundant macroscopic pores and micropore surface in the texture of the carbons. More importantly, the capacitive performances of these carbons are much better than ordered mesoporous carbons, thus highlighting the success of preparing high performance electrode material for EDLC from SSS.

scholarly journals Jackfruit Seed-Derived Nanoporous Carbons as the Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashma Chaudhary ◽  
Subrata Maji ◽  
Rekha Goswami Shrestha ◽  
Ram Lal Shrestha ◽  
Timila Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nanoporous Carbons

Hierarchically porous activated carbon materials from agro-waste, Jackfruit seeds are prepared by a chemical activation method involving the treatment with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at different temperatures (600–1000 °C). The electrochemical supercapacitance performances of the prepared materials were studied in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M sulfuric acid, H2SO4) in a three-electrode system. Jackfruit seed carbons display nanoporous structures consisting of both micro- and mesopore architectures and they are amorphous in nature and also contain oxygenated surface functional groups, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Raman scattering, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface areas and pore volumes were found to be 1216.0 to 1340.4 m2·g−1 and 0.804 to 1.144 cm3·g−1, respectively, demonstrating the better surface textural properties compared to the commercial activated carbons. Due to the high surface area, large pore volume, and well developed hierarchical micro- and mesoporosity, the optimal sample achieved a high specific capacitance of 292.2 F·g−1 at 5 mV·s−1 and 261.3 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 followed by outstanding high rate capability. The electrode sustained 71.6% capacity retention at a high current density of 20 A·g−1. Furthermore, the electrode displayed exceptional cycling stability with small capacitance loss (0.6%) even after 10,000 charging–discharging cycles, suggesting that Jackfruit seed would have potential in low-cost and scalable production of nanoporous carbon materials for supercapacitors applications.

Organic salt-derived nitrogen-rich, hierarchical porous carbon for ultrafast supercapacitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (22) ◽  
pp. 13611-13618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfeng Hu ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Qizhen Zhu ◽  
Lanyong Yu ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbon ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbons

Nitrogen-rich, high surface area, hierarchical porous carbons were simply prepared by the pyrolysis of a nitrogen-containing organic salt, and exhibit excellent rate capability in supercapacitors.

A molecular engineering approach to pore-adjustable nanoporous carbons with narrow distribution for high-performance supercapacitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 2305-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Lei ◽  
Yun Lu ◽  
Xiaofang Zhang ◽  
Pengyuan Gao ◽  
Xun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Nanoporous Carbons ◽  
Engineering Approach

The space-confined twin-polymerization of silanes induces large-micropores and/or small-mesopores into porous carbons with large specific capacitance and high rate capability.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani ◽  
Nor Fadilah Mohamad ◽  
Sharmeela Matali ◽  
Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Graphite Phase ◽  
Ft Ir

This paper explains preparation of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using steam activation under optimum conditions; activation temperature of 765°C and activation time of 77min and analyzes their physical and chemical properties using proximate and ultimate analysis, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results show activated carbon EFB consists of 68.32 wt% carbon, 3.12 wt% hydrogen, 2.12 wt% nitrogen and 26.44 wt% oxygen content. FT-IR spectroscopy result indicate that raw EFB was successfully converted to carbon after activation process and was proven by spectra of commercial activated carbon. The XRD study confirms the presence of some crystalline (graphite) phase around peaks 26oand 43o. Characterization by using BET and SEM analysis showed that activated carbon produced from EFB has good properties with high surface area (720.0 m2/g) and well developed pores.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Preparation from Eucalyptus Wood Chips using Continuous Carbonization - Steam Activation Process in a Batch Intermittent Rotary Kiln

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumrit Mopoung ◽  
Nuchjira Dejang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

Abstract The production of activated carbon from eucalyptus wood chips by steam activation in a 2000 kg batch intermittent rotary kiln with continuous carbonization - steam activation process at 500°C to 700 °C was studied. The activated carbon products were characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analyzer. Percent yields, iodine number, and methylene number of the produced activated carbon materials were also measured. It was shown that the percent yield of the activated carbon materials made in the temperatures range of 500°C to 700 °C are 21.63 ± 1.52% − 31.79 ± 0.70% with capacities of 518–737 mg I2/g and 70.11–96.93 mg methylene blue /g. The BET surface area and micropore volume of the activated carbons are 426.8125-870.4732 m2/g and 0.102390–0.215473 cm3/g, respectively. The steam used in the process could create various oxygen containing surface functional groups such as –CO and –COC groups. In addition, it could also increase the amorphous nature of the activated carbon product. These properties of the activated carbon products are increased with increasing steam activation temperature from 500°C to 700°C. As a result, the activated carbon materials produced at activation temperatures of 600 °C and 700 °C have higher adsorption

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