scholarly journals The Development and Characterization of a Cotton–Chitosan Composite for Lead Removal from Water

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2066
Author(s):  
Diana Alonso-Segura ◽  
Luis Hernández-García ◽  
Jorge Menchaca-Arredondo ◽  
Mario Sánchez ◽  
Belén Chamorro-Garza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Atomic Force

Heavy metals in water are a serious environmental problem due to their accumulation and toxicity; there are several processes we can use to address this issue, but adsorption is the most popular due to its simplicity and efficiency. Polysaccharides such as cellulose have received attention as adsorbents for heavy metals, and cotton–chitosan composites (CCs) were developed here with nontoxic reagents such as carboxylic acids as crosslinkers and NaH2PO4 as a catalyst to achieve chitosan covalent crosslinkage into oxidized cotton textiles with H2O2. The composites were characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic-force and scanning electron microscopy (AFM and SEM), and tensile strength; the adsorption of lead ions (Pb) was evaluated with cotton–chitosan composites and quantified by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). The composites showed a maximum incorporation of chitosan of 27.62 mg per gram of cotton textile. A tensile strength analysis of the composite showed a Young’s modulus approximately 1 MPa higher than that of cotton textile. The adsorption of lead ions with composites in an aqueous solution at pH 5 and 25 °C was circa 74% after 6 h of contact, as determined by MP-AES. This work is an approach to demonstrate the potential of these polysaccharides, modified by “green” procedures to remove pollutants from water.

scholarly journals Metallic trace elements contained in the sediments of Dayet Er-Roumi Lake (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Sara El Ghizi ◽  
Sliman Hssaissoune ◽  
Mohammed El Bouch ◽  
Mohamed Sadik ◽  
Mustapha Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metallic Trace Elements ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems with metals remains a serious environmental problem of growing concern. Sediments are often studied as reservoirs or wells for many chemical pollutants. They are micropollutant traps; they also indicate the watercourse's historical pollution, lagoons, and lakes…Lake Dayet Er-Roumi (SIBE) is the only permanent natural lake in the Khemisset region (Morocco); this wetland is affected by several forms of pollution that are mainly linked to human activities (agricultural, domestic, industrial, etc.). The objective of our study is to contribute, through qualitative and quantitative analysis, to the assessment of lake sediment pollution by Spatio-temporal monitoring of certain toxic heavy metals such as Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd. These sediments are collected on the level of the lake's surface; the concentration of heavy metals was measured by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscope (MP-AES). Metal analyses carried out at three measuring points during the winter season reveal a high concentration of Zn, Cr, and Mn at all stations during the winter season, which far exceeds the recommended standards, with a low level of Cd. The contamination factor "FC" and the degree of contamination "DC" reveal polymetallic contaminations dominated by two elements, zinc, and Chromium, which are the most worrying. These results clearly show that lake Dayet Er-Roumi is polluted; strategies to limit the lake's pollution must be implemented to avoid several ecological problems (fish mortality, etc.).

Surface Changes after Silver Formation on a Precoated Surface with Polyaniline for Textile Metallization

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 304-308
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Zhao ◽  
Zai Sheng Cai ◽  
Xiao Lan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ag Deposition ◽  
Surface Changes

Silver (Ag) deposition was performed on a polyaniline-precoated surface for textile metallization. Polyaniline was utilized as an intermediate layer on fabrics to facilitate Ag formation. Inductivily coupled plasma atomic emission spectgrometry (ICP-AES) was used to monitor the content of metallic elements on Ag-laden polyaniline layers prepared under different conditions of polyaniline fomation. The surface modification of the samples before and after Ag plating was characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

scholarly journals Honeybees and their products as bioindicators for heavy metal pollution in Malta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Borg ◽  
Everaldo Attard
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Samples

In this study, honeybees, propolis, air, soil and plant samples were gathered from two contrasting sites Ħal Luqa (industrial area) and L-Imġarr (agricultural area) in mainland Malta. Superficial heavy metals were extracted from the samples and tested using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in order to determine the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn, Zn, Ni and Hg. The honeybee and propolis samples were digested using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and then ashed using a muffle furnace in order to prepare mineral solutions. Simultaneously the air samplers, soil and plant samples were washed using de-ionised water in order to extract the heavy metals settling on sample surfaces. Different methods of filtration were used in order to extract the metals from the surfaces of the samples. The most abundant metals in honeybees and propolis, and on plant and soil samples, were Sn and As (p<0.0001). In air samples0, the most abundant metal was Pb followed by Sn (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the honeybee and its propolis are good indicators for Sn and As contamination.

scholarly journals Oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and Production of Mn(II) by Synthetic Manganese(IV) Oxide

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Kaiyin Chen ◽  
Lauren Bocknek ◽  
Bruce Manning
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Heterogeneous Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Alteration

The heterogeneous oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), a toxic inorganic anion, by a synthetic birnessite (δ-MnO2) was investigated in batch reactions using a combination of analytical techniques including UV–Vis spectrophotometry, microwave plasma–atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to evaluate both the solution speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) and the surface of the reacted δ-MnO2. The formation of dissolved Mn(II) was determined during the batch reactions to evaluate the extent and stoichiometry of the Cr(III) oxidation reaction. A stoichiometric 3:2 Mn(II):Cr(VI) molar relationship was observed in the reaction products. The reductive dissolution of the δ-MnO2 by Cr(III) resulted in a surface alteration from the conversion of Mn(IV) oxide to reduced Mn(II) and Mn(III) hydroxides. The results of this investigation show that naturally occurring Cr(III) will readily oxidize to Cr(VI) when it comes in contact with MnO2, forming a highly mobile and toxic groundwater contaminant.

Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Modified Starch for Treatment of Heavy Metals Water by Technique of Chelating-Ultrafiltration

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Ye Song ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Xiao Guang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Plasma Torch ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Degradable Polymer ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometer

Crosslinked carboxymethyl modified starch (CCMS) was prepared by chemical modification of nature cornstarch. This modified degradable polymer had turned out to be a strong ability to chelate heavy metal ions. Using the instrument of microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometer(MPT-AES), 20.00 mg/L of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd were detected under the Sewage Discharge Standards requirements after adding 90, 154, 86, 70, 546mg/L of CCMS respectively. The separation of the heavy metal ions and CCMS solutions were used the technique of ultrafiltration, with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 50000. By the same treatment, the chelating sequence of the heavy metals were also measured and decreased in the order of Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni.

scholarly journals Influence of the Method of Treatment of Samples of Biological Nature on the Results of Determination of Heavy Metals by Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
E. N. Blokhina ◽  
N. V. Kelus ◽  
V. S. Chuchalin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Maximum Extraction

Introduction. The article is devoted to the relevance of choosing sample preparation method for heavy metals concentration determination in biological sample by using atomic emission spectrometry. Much attention is given to compare 2 methods of sample preparation: solid-phase extraction and microwave decomposition. As the result of analysis of heavy metals Fe, Zn, Rb, Cu, Ni, Al, Mn content using these sample preparation methods the following conclusions are drawn: maximum extraction of heavy metals is achieved by using microwave decomposition method.Aim. The purpose of this work was to compare the methods and conditions for the sample preparation of biological samples for the determination of the content of heavy metals using atomic emission spectrometry.Materials and methods. The object of the study to determine the content of heavy metals (Zn, Rb, Cu, Ni, Al, Mn) was the liver of golden hamsters of both sexes weighing 60–145 g of the type Golden Syrian SPF category, obtained from the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk). Quantitative determination of heavy metals in biological samples was carried out on an Agilent 4100 atomic emission spectrometer with a microwave plasma (Agilent Technologies, USA).Results and discussion. Comparison of the content of elements in the sample using the sample preparations under study showed that the maximum extraction of heavy metals from biological samples is achieved when using the method of microwave decomposition. The most complete extraction of heavy metals from biological samples is achieved by extraction within 30 minutes.Conclusion. This method warrants the maximum metal extraction, is more accurate, rapid and less labor intensive compared to other methods considered, and is suitable for determining most heavy metals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Contamination by Heavy Metals Due to Agricultural Practices in the Northern Part of Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Batchakoue- Maïga Yaleu ◽  
Abitalib Djibo Hahiou ◽  
Boubié Guel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn in the surface water of the Sub-catchment Barrage of Tougou for which water comes mainly from agricultural activities. Place and Duration of Study: A total of 73 water samples were taken at the inflow of the water body and at several points located on the water body, from August to October 2019. Methodology: Water samples were characterized for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-). Heavy metals were analyzed using a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), Agilent Model 4210. Results: The EC range was between 27.45 and 53.90 µS/cm with an average pH of 6.4. Nitrate (NO3-) was the most abundant anion in the water (39.70 mg / L) and phosphates (PO43-) were present in very small quantities (0.34 mg / L). The results showed very low concentrations of Pb and Cd, below 5 µg / L and below 2 µg / L, respectively. The concentrations of As, Mn and Zn in the water were 2.8 µg / L, 13.2 µg / L and 9.8 µg / L, respectively. Agricultural practices do not have a significant effect on surface waters. The concentrations of heavy metals analyzed in the water were lower than the standards established by the World Health Organization for drinking water quality. Conclusion: This information, certainly important, does not allow us to conclude on the risk of the consumption of this water on human health. Further studies should be conducted on this water body to evaluate the potential risk for public health and to examine the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, because it is known that sediments have a high absorption capacity for heavy metals and are then considered the main target for water purification related to heavy metals.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide with cuprous oxide film under UV-vis irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Jianqing Feng ◽  
Lihua Jin ◽  
Chengshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Effect

AbstractWe have grown Cu2O films by different routes including self-oxidation and metal-organic deposition (MOD). The reduction efficiency of Cu2O films on graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by modified Hummer’s method has been studied. Surface morphology and chemical state of as-prepared Cu2O film and GO sheets reduced at different conditions have also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that self-oxidation Cu2O film is more effective on phtocatalytic reduction of GO than MOD-Cu2O film. Moreover, reduction effect of self-oxidation Cu2O film to GO is comparable to that of environmental-friendly reducing agent of vitamin C. The present results offer a potentially eco-friendly and low-cost approach for the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by photocatalytic reduction.

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