Reviewing Chitin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Associated Nanocomposites and Their Attained Medical Milestones

Chitin/chitosan research is an expanding field with wide scope within polymer research. This topic is highly inviting as chitin/chitosan’s are natural biopolymers that can be recovered from food waste and hold high potentials for medical applications. This review gives a brief overview of the chitin/chitosan based nanomaterials, their preparation methods and their biomedical applications. Chitin nanofibers and Chitosan nanofibers have been reviewed, their fabrication methods presented and their biomedical applications summarized. The chitin/chitosan based nanocomposites have also been discussed. Chitin and chitosan nanofibers and their binary and ternary composites are represented by scattered superficial reports. Delving deep into synergistic approaches, bringing up novel chitin/chitosan nanocomposites, could help diligently deliver medical expectations. This review highlights such lacunae and further lapses in chitin related inputs towards medical applications. The grey areas and future outlook for aligning chitin/chitosan nanofiber research are outlined as research directions for the future.

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Cellulose Nanofibrils-based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Progresses and Challenges

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867327666200303102859 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (28) ◽

pp. 4622-4646 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huayu Liu ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Xiao Han ◽

Hongxiang Xie ◽

Chuanling Si ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Tissue Scaffold ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Mechanical Methods

Background: Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs) are natural nanomaterials with nanometer dimensions. Compared with ordinary cellulose, CNFs own good mechanical properties, large specific surface areas, high Young's modulus, strong hydrophilicity and other distinguishing characteristics, which make them widely used in many fields. This review aims to introduce the preparation of CNFs-based hydrogels and their recent biomedical application advances. Methods: By searching the recent literatures, we have summarized the preparation methods of CNFs, including mechanical methods and chemical mechanical methods, and also introduced the fabrication methods of CNFs-based hydrogels, including CNFs cross-linked with metal ion and with polymers. In addition, we have summarized the biomedical applications of CNFs-based hydrogels, including scaffold materials and wound dressings. Results: CNFs-based hydrogels are new types of materials that are non-toxic and display a certain mechanical strength. In the tissue scaffold application, they can provide a micro-environment for the damaged tissue to repair and regenerate it. In wound dressing applications, it can fit the wound surface and protect the wound from the external environment, thereby effectively promoting the healing of skin tissue. Conclusion: By summarizing the preparation and application of CNFs-based hydrogels, we have analyzed and forecasted their development trends. At present, the research of CNFs-based hydrogels is still in the laboratory stage. It needs further exploration to be applied in practice. The development of medical hydrogels with high mechanical properties and biocompatibility still poses significant challenges.

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Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200531150218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (40) ◽

pp. 5188-5204

Author(s):

Uzair Nagra ◽

Maryam Shabbir ◽

Muhammad Zaman ◽

Asif Mahmood ◽

Kashif Barkat

Keyword(s):

Green Synthesis ◽

Metal Nanoparticles ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Green Technology ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Nanosized Particles ◽

Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

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Using Bezier curves in medical applications

Filomat ◽

10.2298/fil1604937s ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 937-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Buket Simsek ◽

Ahmet Yardimci

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Medical Physics ◽

Binomial Coefficients ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Bernstein Basis ◽

Bezier Curves ◽

Bézier Curves ◽

Combinatorial Sums ◽

Bernstein Basis Functions

In this paper we survey the 3D reconstruction of an object from its 2D cross-sections has many applications in different fields of sciences such as medical physics and biomedical applications. The aim of this paper is to give not only the Bezier curves in medical applications, but also by using generating functions for the Bernstein basis functions and their identities, some combinatorial sums involving binomial coefficients are deriven. Finally, we give some comments related to the above areas.

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Future aspects of biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan in diseases associated with oxidative stress

Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-817966-6.00018-2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 589-608

Author(s):

Makoto Anraku ◽

Shinsuke Ifuku ◽

Daisuke Iohara ◽

Fumitoshi Hirayama ◽

Masaki Otagiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Chitin And Chitosan

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Biological and medical applications of plasma-activated media, water and solutions

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2018-0226 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 400 (1) ◽

pp. 39-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Nagendra Kumar Kaushik ◽

Bhagirath Ghimire ◽

Ying Li ◽

Manish Adhikari ◽

Mayura Veerana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Culture Media ◽

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Biological And Medical Applications

Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has been proposed as a new tool for various biological and medical applications. Plasma in close proximity to cell culture media or water creates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species containing solutions known as plasma-activated media (PAM) or plasma-activated water (PAW) – the latter even displays acidification. These plasma-treated solutions remain stable for several days with respect to the storage temperature. Recently, PAM and PAW have been widely studied for many biomedical applications. Here, we reviewed promising reports demonstrating plasma-liquid interaction chemistry and the application of PAM or PAW as an anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, antimicrobial, regenerative medicine for blood coagulation and even as a dental treatment agent. We also discuss the role of PAM on cancer initiation cells (spheroids or cancer stem cells), on the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and when used for metastasis inhibition considering its anticancer effects. The roles of PAW in controlling plant disease, seed decontamination, seed germination and plant growth are also considered in this review. Finally, we emphasize the future prospects of PAM, PAW or plasma-activated solutions in biomedical applications with a discussion of the mechanisms and the stability and safety issues in relation to humans.

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Cell membrane-engineered hybrid soft nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d0tb00472c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (26) ◽

pp. 5578-5596

Author(s):

Yuzhen Li ◽

Yingying Gan ◽

Chengnan Li ◽

Yi Yan Yang ◽

Peiyan Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Medical Applications

An overview of various cell membrane-engineered hybrid soft nanocomposites for medical applications.

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Emerging chitin and chitosan nanofibrous materials for biomedical applications

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c4nr02814g ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (16) ◽

pp. 9477-9493 ◽

Cited By ~ 195

Author(s):

Fuyuan Ding ◽

Hongbing Deng ◽

Yumin Du ◽

Xiaowen Shi ◽

Qun Wang

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Chitin And Chitosan

This review highlights the recent advancements in the preparation and application of chitin and chitosan originated nanofibrous materials in biomedicine.

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Recent advances in supramolecular block copolymers for biomedical applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d0tb01492c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (36) ◽

pp. 8219-8231

Author(s):

Wumaier Yasen ◽

Ruijiao Dong ◽

Aliya Aini ◽

Xinyuan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Block Copolymers ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Future Research ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Research Directions ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Reversible Nature

Supramolecular block copolymers with a dynamically reversible nature and hierarchical microphase-separated structures can greatly enrich the library of pharmaceutical carriers and outline future research directions for biological applications.

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