Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5188-5204
Author(s):  
Uzair Nagra ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Kashif Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Biogenic Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Living sources with Special Emphasis on Their Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ahmed Rather ◽  
Anima Nanda ◽  
Arghya Chakravorty ◽  
Saima Hamid ◽  
Johra Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Clear Idea

Abstract Nanobiotechnology has been achieved great significance in terms of nanomedicine & many others. But the first challenge in nanobiotechnology science is the preparation of stable nanoparticles. Presently, many preparation methods have been developed like different chemical & physical processes, but the main drawbacks of these processes are required hazardous chemicals, environmental impact, and ultimately expenses a lot. To overcome these challenges another advanced technology has been developed, which is termed green or biogenic synthesis. This review is discussing the modern approaches of the eco-friendly and cost-effective methodology of green synthesis of nanoparticles by using different eukaryotic & prokaryotic agents like plants, human cell lines, diatoms, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other organisms. Also, this review gives a clear idea of the different applications of those nanoparticles in drug delivery, dentistry, labeling, diagnostics & sensors.

scholarly journals Application of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Totka Dodevska ◽  
Dobrin Hadzhiev ◽  
Ivan Shterev ◽  
Yanna Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective and reliable methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has drawn a considerable attention. The so-called green synthesis, using mild reaction conditions and natural resources as plant extracts and microorganisms, has established as a convenient, sustainable, cheap and environmentally safe approach for synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. Over the past decade, biosynthesis is regarded as an important tool for reducing the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industry. This review emphasizes the significance of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensing. There is increasing evidence that green synthesis of nanoparticles provides a new direction in designing of cost-effective, highly sensitive and selective electrode-catalysts applicable in food, clinical and environmental analysis. The article is based on 157 references and provided a detailed overview on the main approaches for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications in designing of electrochemical sensor devices. Important operational characteristics including sensitivity, dynamic range, limit of detection, as well as data on stability and reproducibility of sensors have also been covered. Keywords: biosynthesis; green synthesis; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; modified electrodes

scholarly journals GREEN SYNTHESIS OF PLANT-MEDIATED METAL NANOPARTICLES: THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
LATIF MS ◽  
ABBAS S ◽  
KORMIN F ◽  
MUSTAFA MK
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Labor Consuming ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Biological Actions

The use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in various fields is increasing day-by-day leading to a genuine concern about the issues related to their environmental and biological safety. The major approaches for the synthesis of NPs include physical and chemical methods which are expensive and hazardous to health in addition to being toxic to the environment. This review highlights the potential of plant extracts to carry out the synthesis of MNPs with a special emphasis on the role of flavonoids in nanosynthesis. This green and clean approach have been actively utilized in recent years as an alternative to conventional hazardous approaches. It has proved as cost-effective, non-toxic, less time and labor consuming, efficient, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of MNPs with specific biological actions. This review also focuses on the role of polyphenols, including the flavonoids as bioreductants of metal salts for the synthesis of NPs along with their biomedical applications. Various examples of the MNPs, along with their biological actions, have also been summarized.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles by plant extracts and biopolymers

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Lucas F.B. Nogueira ◽  
Éder J. Guidelli ◽  
Seid Mahdi Jafari ◽  
Ana Paula Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts

scholarly journals An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Amna Komal Khan ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Metal

Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precursors to form metal, metal oxide, or bimetallic NPs. The NPs synthesis could either be intracellular or extracellular depending on the location of NPs synthesis and reducing agents. Among the diverse range of algae, the most widely investigated algae for the biosynthesis of NPs documented are brown, red, blue-green, micro and macro green algae. Due to the biocompatibility, safety and unique physico-chemical properties of NPs, the algal biosynthesized NPs have also been studied for their biomedical applications, which include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-fouling, bioremediation, and biosensing activities. In this review, the rationale behind the algal-mediated biosynthesis of metallic, metallic oxide, and bimetallic NPs from various algae have been reviewed. Furthermore, an insight into the mechanism of biosynthesis of NPs from algae and their biomedical applications has been reviewed critically.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using microorganisms and their application in the agrifood sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howra Bahrulolum ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Nahid Javanshir ◽  
Hossein Tarrahimofrad ◽  
Vasighe Sadat Mirbagheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe agricultural sector is currently facing many global challenges, such as climate change, and environmental problems such as the release of pesticides and fertilizers, which will be exacerbated in the face of population growth and food shortages. Therefore, the need to change traditional farming methods and replace them with new technologies is essential, and the application of nanotechnology, especially green technology offers considerable promise in alleviating these problems. Nanotechnology has led to changes and advances in many technologies and has the potential to transform various fields of the agricultural sector, including biosensors, pesticides, fertilizers, food packaging and other areas of the agricultural industry. Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials are considered as suitable carriers for stabilizing fertilizers and pesticides, as well as facilitating controlled nutrient transfer and increasing crop protection. The production of nanoparticles by physical and chemical methods requires the use of hazardous materials, advanced equipment, and has a negative impact on the environment. Thus, over the last decade, research activities in the context of nanotechnology have shifted towards environmentally friendly and economically viable ‘green’ synthesis to support the increasing use of nanoparticles in various industries. Green synthesis, as part of bio-inspired protocols, provides reliable and sustainable methods for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles by a wide range of microorganisms rather than current synthetic processes. Therefore, this field is developing rapidly and new methods in this field are constantly being invented to improve the properties of nanoparticles. In this review, we consider the latest advances and innovations in the production of metal nanoparticles using green synthesis by different groups of microorganisms and the application of these nanoparticles in various agricultural sectors to achieve food security, improve crop production and reduce the use of pesticides. In addition, the mechanism of synthesis of metal nanoparticles by different microorganisms and their advantages and disadvantages compared to other common methods are presented.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8431-8445
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Over the years, due to the remarkable functional properties, the nanoparticles have been widely used and being tested in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles can be achieved by physical, chemical, and biological methods. Nanoparticles biosynthesis is put forth to be advantageous over chemical and physical methods because it is non or minimally toxic, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. A green biosynthesis is an approach that connects nanotechnology with plants, microorganisms, waste materials, and biomolecules. The biological methods help to eliminate destructive processing situations, via letting the synthesis at biological pH, room temperature, and simultaneously, affordable price. Among various biological alternatives, medicinal plants and plant extracts seem to be the best options. Plants are the chemical factories of nature, the plant extracts contain various secondary metabolites, and it functions as reducing and stabilizing (capping) agent in bio-reduction reaction to synthesize new nanoparticles. Keeping these points in view, the present article reviews the various synthesis methodologies, key factors, characterizations, usages, and foretold antimicrobial approach in a systematic manner, concentrating on several green pathways for nanoparticles synthesis.

scholarly journals Plant-Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yunhui Bao ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Ke Song ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Xianwu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in several fields including catalysis, bioengineering, photoelectricity, antibacterial, anticancer, and medical imaging due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the traditional synthesis method of MNPs, toxic chemicals are generally used as reducing agents and stabilizing agents, which is fussy to operate and extremely environment unfriendly. Based on this, the development of an environment-friendly synthesis method of MNPs has recently attracted great attention. The use of plant extracts as reductants and stabilizers to synthesize MNPs has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, sustainability, and ease of operation. Besides, the as-synthesized MNPs are nontoxic, more stable, and more uniform in size than the counterparts prepared by the traditional method. Thus, green preparation methods have become a research hotspot in the field of MNPs synthesis. In this review, recent advances in green synthesis of MNPs using plant extracts as reductants and stabilizers have been systematically summarized. In addition, the insights into the potential applications and future development for MNPs prepared by using plant extracts have been provided.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Two Lichens Species: Parmotrema praesorediosum and Ramalina dumeticola

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ropisah Mie ◽  
Mohd Wahid Samsudin ◽  
Laily B. Din ◽  
Azizan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Absorbance Peak ◽  
Average Size ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
First Time

Chemical synthetic method in synthesizing silver nanoparticle was quite expensive, toxic and flammable. In order to enhance green technology, we develop a simple biological method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using two lichens species, Parmotrema praesorediosum and Ramalina dumeticola. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and TEM. Within 72 hours reaction time, absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles formed in R. dumeticola and P. praesorediosum has absorbance peak at 407 nm and 423 nm, respectively. TEM analysis showed the average size of 20 nm of silver nanoparticles obtained in R. dumeticola and the average size of 42 nm of silver nanoparticles obtained in P. praesorediosum. These two lichens species are able to synthesize silver nanoparticles through green chemistry method, which are environmental friendly and cost effective. This is for the first time that any species of lichens was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

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