scholarly journals Identification of Potential Migrants in Polyethylene Terephthalate Samples of Ecuadorian Market

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Karina Marín-Morocho ◽  
Sandra Domenek ◽  
Rómulo Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Pet Bottles

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the plastic packaging material most widely used to produce bottles intended for contact with food and beverages. However, PET is not inert, and therefore, some chemical compounds present in PET could migrate to food or beverages in contact, leading to safety issues. To evaluate the safety of PET samples, the identification of potential migrants is required. In this work, eight PET samples obtained from the Ecuadorian market at different phases of processing were studied using a well-known methodology based on a solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and overall migration test. Several chemical compounds were identified and categorized as lubricants (carboxylic acids with chain length of C12 to C18), plasticizers (triethyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate), thermal degradation products (p-xylene, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid), antioxidant degradation products (from Irgafos 168 and Irganox), and recycling indicator compounds (limonene, benzophenone, alkanes, and aldehydes). Additionally, overall migration experiments were performed in PET bottles, resulting in values lower than the overall migration limit (10 mg/dm2); however, the presence of some compounds identified in the samples could be related to contamination during manufacturing or to the use of recycled PET-contaminated flakes. In this context, the results obtained in this study could be of great significance to the safety evaluation of PET samples in Ecuador and would allow analyzing the PET recycling processes and avoiding contamination by PET flakes from nonfood containers.

Improvement in carbofuran degradation by different Fenton’s reagent dosing processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Shih Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Made In

Attempts were made in this study to examine the efficiency of Fenton’s reagent with different dosing processes and H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations for the treatment of carbofuran wastewater. Carbofuran degradation, total organic carbon (TOC) removal and H2O2 consumption were determined during the experiments. Increases in H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations led to an increase in the degradation of carbofuran. Almost 100% of carbofuran could be degraded at pH 3, 120 mg L-1 H2O2, 24 mg L-1 Fe2+ and 30 minutes reaction time; removals of TOC were among 48.8%–53.3% under different dosing processes. A continuous dosing process was beneficial to improve the removal of TOC by Fenton’s reagent. Rate constants of carbofuran degradation could be calculated by the first-order kinetics; increase in the Fenton’s reagent generally increased the rate constants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis found five degradation products by hydroxyl radicals attack. Thus, this study might offer an effective dosing way for carbofuran wastewater treatment by Fenton’s reagent.

scholarly journals Degradation and detoxification of azo dyes with recombinant ligninolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. with secretory overexpression in Pichia pastoris

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 200688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Liu ◽  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
Yanshun Kang ◽  
Yingtian Xiao ◽  
Huan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
The Individual

Ligninolytic enzymes, including laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP), have attracted much attention in the degradation of contaminants. Genes of Lac (1827 bp), MnP (1134 bp) and LiP (1119 bp) were cloned from Aspergillus sp. TS-A, and the recombinant Lac (69 kDa), MnP (45 kDa) and LiP (35 kDa) were secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, with enzyme activities of 34, 135.12 and 103.13 U l −1 , respectively. Dyes of different structures were treated via the recombinant ligninolytic enzymes under the optimal degradation conditions, and the result showed that the decolourization rate of Lac on Congo red (CR) in 5 s was 45.5%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and toxicity tests further proved that the ligninolytic enzymes could destroy the dyes, both those with one or more azo bonds, and the degradation products were non-toxic. Moreover, the combined ligninolytic enzymes could degrade CR more completely compared with the individual enzyme. Remarkably, besides azo dyes, ligninolytic enzymes could also degrade triphenylmethane and anthracene dyes. This suggests that ligninolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. TS-A have the potential for application in the treatment of contaminants.

scholarly journals GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NEST MATERIAL OF MUD DAUBER WASP, SCELIPHRON CAEMENTARIUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Susheela P ◽  
Rosaline Mary ◽  
Radha R
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical compounds present in the nests of the mud dauber wasp, Sceliphron caementarium.Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the nest samples was carried out by standard procedures. The resultant compounds were compared with the database of the National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST), WILEY8, FAME.Results: The results of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the concentrated ethanol extract revealed the presence of chemical compounds such as methylene chloride, 1, 1’:3’, 1’’-Terphenyl, 5’-Phenyl, Di N Decylsulfone, Eicosanoic acid, 1, 2-Bis (Trimethylsilyl) Benzene, and Androstane-11, 17-Dione, 3-[(Trimethylsilyl) Oxy]-, 17-[O-(Phenylmethyl) O.Conclusion: The compounds identified were found to have biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal, and further study of these isolated compounds may prove their medicinal importance in future.

Spectrophotometry Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hamilton Harbour Sediments

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Murphy ◽  
H. Brouwer ◽  
M.E. Fox ◽  
E. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hamilton Harbour

Abstract Eighty-one sediment cores were collected to determine the extent of coal tar contamination in a toxic area of Hamilton Harbour. Over 800 samples were analyzed by a UV spectrophotometric technique that was standardized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The coal tar distribution was variable. The highest concentrations were near the Stelco outfalls and the Hamilton-Wentworth combined sewer outfalls. The total concentration of the 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 48,300 m3 of near-surface sediments exceeded 200 µg/g.

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