scholarly journals Comparative Study of Crystallization, Mechanical Properties, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Nanocomposites at Low Filler Loadings of Hydroxyapatite for Bone-Tissue Engineering Based on Poly(l-lactic acid)/Cyclo Olefin Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3865
Author(s):  
Farzana Nazir ◽  
Mudassir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

A poly(l-lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/nHA) scaffold works as a bioactive, osteoconductive scaffold for bone-tissue engineering, but its low degradation rate limits embedded HA in PLLA to efficiently interact with body fluids. In this work, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was added in lower filler loadings (1, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) in a poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer10 wt% (PLLA/COC10) blend to obtain novel poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/COC10-nHA) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration and repair. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of PLLA/COC10-nHA (ternary system) nanocomposites in comparison with PLLA/nHA (binary system) nanocomposites was systematically studied. Nanocomposites were evaluated for structural (morphology, crystallization), thermomechanical properties, antibacterial potential, and cytocompatibility for bone-tissue engineering applications. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that PLLA/COC10-nHA had uniform morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles up to 10% of HA, and the overall nHA dispersion in matrix was better in PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies confirmed miscibility and transformation of the α-crystal form of PLLA to the ά-crystal form by the addition of nHA in all nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity (%) in the case of PLLA/COC10-nHA 10 wt% was 114% higher than pure PLLA/COC10 and 128% higher than pristine PLLA, indicating COC and nHA are acting as nucleating agents in the PLLA/COC10-nHA nanocomposites, causing an increase in the degree of crystallinity (%). Moreover, PLLA/COC10-nHA exhibited 140 to 240% (1–20 wt% HA) enhanced mechanical properties in terms of ductility as compared to PLLA/nHA. Antibacterial activity results showed that 10 wt% HA in PLLA/COC10-nHA showed substantial activity against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes. In vitro cytocompatibility of PLLA/COC10 and PLLA nanocomposites with nHA osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) was evaluated. Both cell lines showed two- to three-fold enhancement in cell viability and 10- to 30-fold in proliferation upon culture on PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA composites. It was observed that the ternary system PLLA/COC10-nHA had good dispersion and interfacial interaction resulting in improved thermomechanical and enhanced osteoconductive properties as compared to PLLA/nHA.

scholarly journals Development of Biopolymeric Hybrid Scaffold-Based on AAc/GO/nHAp/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering: In-Vitro Analysis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan ◽  
Wafa Shamsan Al-Arjan ◽  
Mona Saad Binkadem ◽  
Hassan Mehboob ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

Bone tissue engineering is an advanced field for treatment of fractured bones to restore/regulate biological functions. Biopolymeric/bioceramic-based hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds are potential biomaterials for bone tissue because of biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics. We report synthesis of nanocomposite based on acrylic acid (AAc)/guar gum (GG), nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp NPs), titanium nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and optimum graphene oxide (GO) amount via free radical polymerization method. Porous scaffolds were fabricated through freeze-drying technique and coated with silver sulphadiazine. Different techniques were used to investigate functional group, crystal structural properties, morphology/elemental properties, porosity, and mechanical properties of fabricated scaffolds. Results show that increasing amount of TiO2 in combination with optimized GO has improved physicochemical and microstructural properties, mechanical properties (compressive strength (2.96 to 13.31 MPa) and Young’s modulus (39.56 to 300.81 MPa)), and porous properties (pore size (256.11 to 107.42 μm) and porosity (79.97 to 44.32%)). After 150 min, silver sulfadiazine release was found to be ~94.1%. In vitro assay of scaffolds also exhibited promising results against mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. Hence, these fabricated scaffolds would be potential biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in biomedical engineering.

Innovative Composite HA Scaffold Rapid Prototyping for Bone Reconstruction: An In Vitro Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidoro Giorgio Lesci ◽  
Leonardo Ciocca ◽  
Barbara Dozza ◽  
Enrico Lucarelli ◽  
Sergio Squarzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Macro Scale

The ability to control the architecture and strength of a bone tissue engineering scaffold is critical to achieve a harmony between the scaffold and the host tissue. The scaffold attempts to mimic the function of the natural extracellular matrix, providing a temporary template for the growth of target tissues. The study of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate physical-chemical characteristics and, thereafter, the possibility to imitate bone mineral for the development of new advanced biomaterials is constantly growing. Scaffolds should have suitable architecture and strength to serve their intended function. Rapid prototyping (RP) technique is applied to tissue engineering to satisfy this need and to create a scaffold directly from the scanned and digitized image of the defect site. Design and construction of complex structures with different shapes and sizes, at micro and macro scale, with fully interconnected pore structure and appropriate mechanical properties are possible by using RP techniques. In this study we present a new biocompatible hybrid scaffold obtained through two different experimental methods and formed by synthetic biomimetic Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals with high surface reactivity which synergistically interacts with Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLLA). The aim of this pilot study is to test the adhesion and the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on both the scaffolds. MSC growth and distribution was evaluated 24 h and 7 days after in-vitro seeding. The results allowed the conclusion that these scaffolds are biocompatible and allow the colonization and proliferation of MSC, therefore, due to their mechanical properties, they are adequate for bone tissue engineering.

Fabrication and characterization of electrospinning/3D printing bone tissue engineering scaffold

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (112) ◽  
pp. 110557-110565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinxian Yu ◽  
Sha Hua ◽  
Mengkai Yang ◽  
Zeze Fu ◽  
Songsong Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

A composite scaffold was fabricated with a method involving both electrospinning and 3D printing to give microscale pores and good mechanical properties. Biocompatibility and cell infiltration on the scaffold was evaluated by an in vitro study.

scholarly journals Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of 3D Printed Porous Polyetherimide Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongfeng Tang ◽  
Yanguo Qin ◽  
Xinyu Xu ◽  
Deming Guo ◽  
Wenli Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
3D Printed

For bone tissue engineering, the porous scaffold should provide a biocompatible environment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and match the mechanical properties of native bone tissue. In this work, we fabricated porous polyetherimide (PEI) scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing system, and the pore size was set as 800 μm. The morphology of 3D PEI scaffolds was characterized by the scanning electron microscope. To investigate the mechanical properties of the 3D PEI scaffold, the compressive mechanical test was performed via an electronic universal testing system. For the in vitro cell experiment, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured on the surface of the 3D PEI scaffold and PEI slice, and cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation were detected to verify their biocompatibility. Besides, the alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red staining were performed on the BMSCs of different samples to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. Through these studies, we found that the 3D PEI scaffold showed an interconnected porous structure, which was consistent with the design. The elastic modulus of the 3D PEI scaffold (941.33 ± 65.26 MPa) falls in the range of modulus for the native cancellous bone. Moreover, the cell proliferation and morphology on the 3D PEI scaffold were better than those on the PEI slice, which revealed that the porous scaffold has good biocompatibility and that no toxic substances were produced during the progress of high-temperature 3D printing. The osteogenic differentiation level of the 3D PEI scaffold and PEI slice was equal and ordinary. All of these results suggest the 3D printed PEI scaffold would be a potential strategy for bone tissue engineering.

Preparation of PLLA/HAP/β-TCP Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Wang ◽  
Tao Lou ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Kun Peng He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Thermally Induced

In this study, a nanofibrous poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold reinforced by Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was fabricated using the thermally induced phase separation method. The composite scaffold morphology showed a nanofibrous PLLA matrix and evenly distributed β-TCP/HAP particles. The composite scaffold had interconnective micropores and the pore size ranged 2-10 μm. Introducing β-TCP/HAP particles into PLLA matrix significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composite scaffold. In summary, the new composite scaffolds show a great deal promise for use in bone tissue engineering.

Simvastatin-loaded graphene oxide embedded in polycaprolactone-polyurethane nanofibers for bone tissue engineering applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Hessam Rezaei ◽  
Mostafa Shahrezaee ◽  
Marziyeh Jalali Monfared ◽  
Sonia Fathi Karkan ◽  
Robabehbeygom Ghafelehbashi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application

Abstract Here, the role of simvastatin-loaded graphene oxide embedded in polyurethane-polycaprolactone nanofibers for bone tissue engineering has been investigated. The scaffolds were physicochemically and mechanically characterized, and obtained polymeric composites were used as MG-63 cell culture scaffolds. The addition of graphene oxide-simvastatin to nanofibers generates a homogeneous and uniform microstructure as well as a reduction in fiber diameter. Results of water-scaffolds interaction indicated higher hydrophilicity and absorption capacity as a function of graphene oxide addition. Scaffolds’ mechanical properties and physical stability improved after the addition of graphene oxide. Inducing bioactivity after the addition of simvastatin-loaded graphene oxide terminated its capability for hard tissue engineering application, evidenced by microscopy images and phase characterization. Nanofibrous scaffolds could act as a sustained drug carrier. Using the optimal concentration of graphene oxide-simvastatin is necessary to avoid toxic effects on tissue. Results show that the scaffolds are biocompatible to the MG-63 cell and support alkaline phosphatase activity, illustrating their potential use in bone tissue engineering. Briefly, graphene-simvastatin-incorporated in polymeric nanofibers was developed to increase bioactive components’ synergistic effect to induce more bioactivity and improve physical and mechanical properties as well as in vitro interactions for better results in bone repair.

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