scholarly journals Reinforcement Mechanism of Carbon Black-Filled Rubber Nanocomposite as Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy Nanomechanics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3922
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Liang ◽  
Makiko Ito ◽  
Ken Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Reinforcement Mechanism ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanomechanics were used to visualize the nanoscale stress distribution in carbon black (CB)-reinforced isoprene rubber (IR) vulcanizates at different elongations and quantitatively evaluate their volume fractions for the first time. The stress concentrations in the protofibrous structure (stress chains) that formed around the CB filler in CB-reinforced IR vulcanizates were directly observed at the nanoscale. The relationship between the local nanoscale stress distribution and macroscopic tensile properties was revealed based on the microscopic stress distribution and microscopic spatial structure. This study can help us gain insight into the microscopic reinforcement mechanism of carbon black-containing rubber composites.

scholarly journals BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 982-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa Stepina ◽  
Astrida Berzina ◽  
Gita Sakale ◽  
Maris Knite
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Vapour Concentration ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

By using a solvent-based method composites of ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer and carbon black (EVA–CB) were synthesized for sensing BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) vapours. The composites were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in an electroconductive mode. Gas sensing results show that EVA-CB can reproducibly detect BTEX and that the response increases linearly with vapour concentration. Compared to gas-sensing measurements of gasoline vapours, the responses with toluene and ethylbenzene are different and can be explained by varying side chains of the benzene ring.

Mesostructure of polymer/carbon black composites observed by conductive probe atomic force microscopy

Carbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ravier ◽  
F. Houzé ◽  
F. Carmona ◽  
O. Schneegans ◽  
H. Saadaoui
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Black Reinforced Natural Rubber by Atomic Force Microscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki NUKAGA ◽  
So FUJINAMI ◽  
Hiroyuki WATABE ◽  
Ken NAKAJIMA ◽  
Toshio NISHI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Deformation of Filler Morphology in Strained Carbon Black Loaded Rubbers. A Study by Atomic Force Microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Maas ◽  
W. Gronski
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Affine Deformation ◽  
Filler Particles

Abstract The changes of the filler morphology of SBR vulcanizates loaded with 10 phr carbon black (N234 and N990) subjected to large strains were studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and image analysis. It was found that the filler particles tend to align in the force field. The average distance of the filler particles at the surface in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the strain direction is much smaller then according to affine deformation. The measurements give evidence of the inhomogeneous deformation of the rubber matrix and demonstrate the onset of failure at large deformation.

Influence of Excitation Conditions in Dual-Frequency Tapping-Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Dick ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Tapping Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Excitation Conditions ◽  
Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

In this work, the influence of excitation conditions on the performance of a dual-frequency version of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy is studied. In the authors’ previous work, a relationship was identified between the interaction force regime(s) influencing the response of the probe and the specific spectral components observed to be significant in the response. Numerical studies are performed with a three-mode approximation of an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. This study is conducted by modifying the excitation strength to vary the free response magnitude and the response magnitude ratio, by varying the phase difference between the two excitation components, and by exploring other frequencies for the secondary excitation component. This study reveals undesirable amplitude discontinuities when the influence of the secondary excitation component is too strong, conditions where the accuracy of the relationship is improved, how the selection of the excitation phase difference can influence the results, and the potential of alternative frequency combinations. Through an improved understanding of the relationship, it may provide the means to perform simultaneous imaging and characterization with improved performance using standard AFM systems and AFM probes.

Fusion Pore in Live Cells

Physiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu P. Jena
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Fusion Pore ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Electrophysiological Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fusion Pores

Earlier electrophysiological measurements on live secretory cells suggested the presence of fusion pores at the plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles fuse to release vesicular contents. Recent studies using atomic force microscopy demonstrate for the first time the presence of the fusion pore and reveal its morphology and dynamics at near-nanometer resolution and in real time.

Measurement of Frictional Forces in Atomic Force Microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Choi ◽  
W. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Torsional Angle ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Force Moment ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
The Relationship

A new calibration method of frictional forces in atomic force microscopy (AFM) is suggested. An angle conversion factor is defined using the relationship between torsional angle and frictional signal. When the factor is measured, the slopes of the torsional angle and the frictional signal as a function of the normal force are used to eliminate the effect of the adhesive force. Moment balance equations on the flat surface and the top edge of a commercial step grating are used to obtain the angle conversion factor. After the factor is obtained from an AFM system, it can be applied to all cantilevers without additional experiments.

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