Structure Optimization of Cellulose Nanofibers/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites by the Sizing of AKD

Recently, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are used as one novel fillers to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix and form PLA green nanocomposites. In the present work, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was used as the sizing of CNF to improve the interfacial compatibility between the hydrophilic CNF and the hydrophobic PLA. The interactions between the AKD and CNF were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which showed the formation of ketone ester structure between AKD and the hydroxyl groups of CNF. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the little reduced thermal stability of the AKD-CNF/PLA composites. The AKD-CNF/PLA morphology has rough surfaces due to the incorporation of cellulose nanofibers. The mechanical properties of AKD-CNF/PLA were tested by tensile testing, which discovered more AKD-CNF content enhances stress–strain performance. The highest tensile strength of composites was obtained for PLA with 5.0 wt.% AKD-cellulose, which is almost nine times higher than that of the pure PLA.

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Physical and Thermal Properties of Chitosan

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.315 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 979 ◽

pp. 315-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Siriprom ◽

K. Chantarasunthon ◽

K. Teanchai

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Biodegradable Films ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

X Ray ◽

Good Agreement

This work aims at characterizing the thermal and physical properties of chitosan. The samples were evaluated for potentiality to use as raw material for biodegradable films raw material. Their thermal and physical properties have been also discussed in detail which Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. The result of the XRD pattern indicated the sample has amorphous-crystalline structure and FTIR results confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl groups of the sample. In good agreement between the EDXRF and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and volatile material.

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Elemental Micro-Characteristic, Thermogravimetric, and FTIR Study of Green Sand(Poly Lactic Acid) for Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix

10.20944/preprints202009.0528.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

ARUN Y. PATIL ◽

N. R. Banapurmath ◽

Sumukh E P ◽

Manojkumar Chitwadagi ◽

T.M. Yunus Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Elastic Recovery ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Green Sand ◽

Physical Test ◽

Granular Form ◽

Commercial Market

Poly lactic acid (PLA) has made inroads for commercial market segment with lot many unique characteristics such as tenacity, low flame rate, moisture regain percentage, loss of ignition percentage, heat of combustion, UV resistance, Elastic recovery and higher melting point allowed it to be the fastest moving material in today's commercial market. An attempt has been made to test the feasibility and biocompatibility aspect of PLA with cement mix. The basic strength and physical test results were carried out and published in an article, to the continuation of the work, micro-structural study was conducted to evaluate the elemental characteristics. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that PLA either in granular form or filament will hold good for the inclusion into construction applications, provided degradation aspects are to be looked out for improvisation. From DSC it was found that PLA in filament form is the best inclusion material for construction application, however the tenacity of fibers has to checked, as currently available filaments in market does not have high tenacity value. From EDX reports, 30% inclusion of PLA as replacement for fine aggregate has constituent members as Calcium carbonate(CaCO3), Silica(SiO2) and Wollastonite (CaK) resulted in best composition among the rest. FESEM images revealed that, proper gradation in size, rough surface of PLA granular form or filament form will definitely enhance the mechanical/physical or even chemical behavior of PLA.

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A Facile Fabrication of High Toughness Poly(lactic Acid) via Reactive Extrusion with Poly(butylene Succinate) and Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate-Glycidyl Methacrylate

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10121401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bin Xue ◽

Hezhi He ◽

Zhiwen Zhu ◽

Jiqian Li ◽

Zhaoxia Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Methyl Acrylate ◽

Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽

Epoxy Group ◽

Reactive Extrusion ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Interfacial Compatibility ◽

Ethylene Methyl Acrylate

As is an excellent bio-based polymer material, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)’s brittle nature greatly restricts its extensive applications. Herein, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was introduced to toughening PLA by melt blending using a self-made triple screw extruder through in situ reactive with ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA). The effect of EGMA concentrations on the mechanical properties, morphology, interfacial compatibility of PLA/PBS blends were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results demonstrated that the epoxy group of EGMA reacts with the hydroxyl groups of PLA and PBS, which proved the occurrence of interfacial reactions among the tri-component. The significantly improved compatibility between PLA and PBS after EGMA incorporation was made evident by scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization results. Meanwhile, the contact angle test predicted that the EGMA was selectively localized at the interface between PLA and PBS, and the result was verified by morphological analysis of cryofracture and etched samples. The EGMA improves the compatibility of PLA/PBS blends, and consequently leads to a significantly increased toughness with the elongation at break occurring 83 times more when 10 wt % EGMA was introduced than neat PLA, while impact strength also enhanced by twentyfold. Ultimately, the toughening mechanism of PLA based polymers was established based on the above analysis, exploring a new way for the extensive application for degradable material.

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In-situ stabilization of silver nanoparticles in polymer hydrogels for enhanced catalytic reduction of macro and micro pollutants

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2020-1721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Luqman Ali Shah ◽

Rida Javed ◽

Mohammad Siddiq ◽

Iram BiBi ◽

Ishrat Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Activation Parameters ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

In Situ Stabilization ◽

Hybrid Hydrogels ◽

Kinetics Of

AbstractThe in-situ stabilization of Ag nanoparticles is carried out by the use of reducing agent and synthesized three different types of hydrogen (anionic, cationic, and neutral) template. The morphology, constitution and thermal stability of the synthesized pure and Ag-entrapped hybrid hydrogels were efficiently confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The prepared hybrid hydrogels were used in the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) and azo dyes congo red (CR), methyl Orange (MO), and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and nitrobenzene (NB) by an electron donor NaBH4. The kinetics of the reduction reaction was also assessed to determine the activation parameters. The hybrid hydrogen catalysts were recovered by filtration and used continuously up to six times with 98% conversion of pollutants without substantial loss in catalytic activity. It was observed that these types of hydrogel systems can be used for the conversion of pollutants from waste water into useful products.

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Rapid four-component synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles using nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) as a highly compatible natural based catalyst

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00734-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arefeh Dehghani Tafti ◽

Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili ◽

Abdolhamid Bamoniri ◽

Naeimeh Salehi

Keyword(s):

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Diffraction Field ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Solvent Free Conditions ◽

High Yields ◽

Work Up

AbstractNano-eggshell/Ti(IV) as a novel naturally based catalyst was prepared, characterized and applied for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. The characterization of nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were synthesized in the presence of nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) via a four component reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and hydrazine hydrate at room temperature under solvent free conditions. The principal affairs of this procedure are mild condition, short reaction times, easy work-up, high yields, reusability of the catalyst and the absence of toxic organic solvents.

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Effects of Rice Straw Powder (RSP) Size and Pretreatment on Properties of FDM 3D-Printed RSP/Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3234

Author(s):

Wangwang Yu ◽

Lili Dong ◽

Wen Lei ◽

Yuhan Zhou ◽

Yongzhe Pu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Interfacial Compatibility ◽

3D Printed

To develop a new kind of environment-friendly composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, rice straw powder (RSP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were FDM-3D-printed, and the effects of the particle size and pretreatment of RSP on the properties of RSP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the 120-mesh RSP/PLA biocomposites (named 120#RSP/PLA) showed better performance than RSP/PLA biocomposites prepared with other RSP sizes. Infrared results showed that pretreatment of RSP by different methods was successful, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that composites prepared after pretreatment exhibited good interfacial compatibility due to a preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. When RSP was synergistically pretreated by alkaline and ultrasound, the composite exhibited a high tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 58.59, 568.68, 90.32, and 3218.12 MPa, respectively, reflecting an increase of 31.19%, 16.48%, 18.75%, and 25.27%, respectively, compared with unmodified 120#RSP/PLA. Pretreatment of RSP also improved the thermal stability and hydrophobic properties, while reducing the water absorption of 120#RSP/PLA. This work is believed to provide highlights of the development of cost-effective biocomposite filaments and improvement of the properties of FDM parts.

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Novel Preparation of Noncovalent Modified GO Using RAFT Polymerization to Reinforce the Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Coatings

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9060348 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 348 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Baolei Liu ◽

Mingqian Wang ◽

Ying Liang ◽

Zhicheng Zhang ◽

Guohong Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raft Polymerization ◽

Salt Spray ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Block Polymer ◽

Reversible Addition ◽

Waterborne Epoxy ◽

And Performance

This work launches the first-ever report on the fabrication of waterborne epoxy-graphene oxide (GO) coatings (WEGC) using a block polymer as a dispersant of GO, wherein the block polymer was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate A number of analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and salt spray tests, were utilized to explore the morphology and performance of the WEGC. It was confirmed that POEGMA950-b-PAA attached to the GO nanosheets, increasing the integral space of the sheets. Modified GO (MGO) layers were well-dispersed in the epoxy matrix through the formation of a GO-dispersant-epoxy ternary molecular structure. Furthermore, the presence of MGO substantially influenced the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and anticorrosion performance of the WEGC. TGA, salt spray tests, and pull-off testsshowed that 0.5 wt.% MGO content achieved the greatest improvement in the evaluated properties.

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Cabbage/RGO Nanocomposites under Visible Light Irradiation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Appusamy Muthukrishnaraj ◽

Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani ◽

Ahmed Al Otaibi ◽

Semmedu Selvaraj Kalaivani ◽

Ayyar Manikandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Visible Region ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Dye Pollutants ◽

Transmission Electron

Towards the utilization of Cu2O nanomaterial for the degradation of industrial dye pollutants such as methylene blue and methyl orange, the graphene-incorporated Cu2O nanocomposites (GCC) were developed via a precipitation method. Using Hummers method, the grapheme oxide (GO) was initially synthesized. The varying weight percentages (1–4 wt %) of GO was incorporated along with the precipitation of Cu2O catalyst. Various characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffused reflectance (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and electro chemical impedance (EIS) were followed for characterization. The cabbage-like morphology of the developed Cu2O and its composites were ascertained from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). In addition, the growth mechanism was also proposed. The results infer that 2 wt % GO-incorporated Cu2O composites shows the highest value of degradation efficiency (97.9% and 96.1%) for MB and MO at 160 and 220 min, respectively. Further, its catalytic performance over visible region (red shift) was also enhanced to an appreciable extent, when compared with that of other samples.

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Effect of Silane Functionalization on Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Palygorskite Nanocomposites

Inorganics ◽

10.3390/inorganics9010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Anton Kasprzhitskii ◽

Georgy Lazorenko ◽

Alexander Kruglikov ◽

Irina Kuchkina ◽

Vadim Gorodov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Covalent Bond ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Good Dispersion ◽

Melt Compounding

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/palygorskite (Paly) nanocomposites were prepared using the melt compounding technique. Paly modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) was used as nanofiller for PLA with concentrations in the 1–7 wt% range. It has been found that the functionalization allows a covalent bond between the hydroxyl groups of the Paly and the PLA matrix, evidenced by the improvement in mechanical properties. Paly modification with VTMS has better properties compared with Pale modification with APTES. This indicates a better adhesion between the Paly-VTMS and PLA matrix, and a good dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix.

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Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Particles Size and Morphology of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticle

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.50.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 18-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rudzani Sigwadi ◽

Simon Dhlamini ◽

Touhami Mokrani ◽

Patrick Nonjola

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Zirconium Oxide ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Crystallite Sizes ◽

Ft Ir

The paper presents the synthesis and investigation of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles that were synthesised by precipitation method with the effects of the temperatures of reaction on the particles size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stability at high temperature. The reaction temperature effect on the particle size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stabilized a higher temperature (tetragonal and cubic) phases was studied. Thermal decomposition, band structure and functional groups were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology and the particle size were studied using (SEM) and (TEM). The shaped particles were confirmed through the SEM analysis. The transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles with the particle size. The FT-IR spectra showed the strong presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

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