Collagen-Based Nanofibers for Skin Regeneration and Wound Dressing Applications

Skin regeneration after an injury is very vital, but this process can be impeded by several factors. Regenerative medicine is a developing biomedical field with the potential to decrease the need for an organ transplant. Wound management is challenging, particularly for chronic injuries, despite the availability of various types of wound dressing scaffolds in the market. Some of the wound dressings that are in clinical practice have various drawbacks such as poor antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy, poor mechanical properties, inability to absorb excess wound exudates, require frequent change of dressing and fails to offer a suitable moist environment to accelerate the wound healing process. Collagen is a biopolymer and a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), making it an interesting polymer for the development of wound dressings. Collagen-based nanofibers have demonstrated interesting properties that are advantageous both in the arena of skin regeneration and wound dressings, such as low antigenicity, good biocompatibility, hemostatic properties, capability to promote cellular proliferation and adhesion, and non-toxicity. Hence, this review will discuss the outcomes of collagen-based nanofibers reported from the series of preclinical trials of skin regeneration and wound healing.

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Current Trends in Advanced Alginate-Based Wound Dressings for Chronic Wounds

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11090890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 890

Author(s):

Andreea Barbu ◽

Bogdan Neamtu ◽

Marius Zăhan ◽

Gabriela Mariana Iancu ◽

Ciprian Bacila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Special Importance

Chronic wounds represent a major public health issue, with an extremely high cost worldwide. In healthy individuals, the wound healing process takes place in different stages: inflammation, cell proliferation (fibroblasts and keratinocytes of the dermis), and finally remodeling of the extracellular matrix (equilibrium between metalloproteinases and their inhibitors). In chronic wounds, the chronic inflammation favors exudate persistence and bacterial film has a special importance in the dynamics of chronic inflammation in wounds that do not heal. Recent advances in biopolymer-based materials for wound healing highlight the performance of specific alginate forms. An ideal wound dressing should be adherent to the wound surface and not to the wound bed, it should also be non-antigenic, biocompatible, semi-permeable, biodegradable, elastic but resistant, and cost-effective. It has to give protection against bacterial, infectious, mechanical, and thermal agents, to modulate the level of wound moisture, and to entrap and deliver drugs or other molecules This paper explores the roles of alginates in advanced wound-dressing forms with a particular emphasis on hydrogels, nanofibers networks, 3D-scaffolds or sponges entrapping fibroblasts, keratinocytes, or drugs to be released on the wound-bed. The latest research reports are presented and supported with in vitro and in vivo studies from the current literature.

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Preparation and in vivo evaluation of a novel gel-based wound dressing using arginine–alginate surface-modified chitosan nanofibers

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328217739562 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 689-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mahsa Hoseinpour Najar ◽

Mohsen Minaiyan ◽

Azade Taheri

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Animal Group ◽

Modified Chitosan ◽

Surface Modified

The development of an effective wound dressing with the ability to induce skin wound healing is a great challenge in medicine. Nanofibers are highly attractive for wound dressing preparation due to their properties such as hemostasis induction, good absorption of wound exudates, and facilitation of cell growth. Chitosan nanofibers have attracted great attention for application in wound dressings due to their accelerating effects on wound healing. In this study, arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers were successfully prepared by attachment of arginine molecules on the surface of chitosan nanofibers using sodium alginate through electrostatic interaction. The effect of pH on the amount of attached arginine was evaluated at three different pH values; 5, 6, and 7. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential of chitosan nanofibers before and after surface modification suggested the occurrence of the attachment of arginine to chitosan nanofibers. Scanning electron microscope images showed the nanofibrous structure of arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers with an average diameter ranging from 100 nm to 150 nm. The release of arginine from arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers gel showed a sustained release manner. The suitable viscosity and spreadability of arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers gel verified its easy application at the wound site. Arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers gel significantly improved the wound healing process including wound closure when tested in vivo using rat model. Additionally, histological examination and immunohistochemical studies showed the significant enhancement of the re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis in the skin of the animal group treated with arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers gel compared with the other control groups. These results suggested that arginine surface-modified chitosan nanofibers gel could be introduced as an effective wound dressing.

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Evaluation of a novel bioactive wound dressing: an in vitro and in vivo study

Journal of Wound Care ◽

10.12968/jowc.2021.30.6.482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 482-490

Author(s):

Fahimeh Farshi Azhar ◽

Paria Rostamzadeh ◽

Monireh Khordadmehr ◽

Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Bilayer Film ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Tissue Contraction ◽

Experimental Rat Model

Objective: Hard-to-heal wounds, such as pressure ulcers and diabetic ulcers, are a major challenge for wound dressings. The aim of this study was to develop a bioactive dressing based on polymers and natural materials with unique biological and therapeutic properties. Method: The dressing was composed of an active layer containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), honey, curcumin and keratin, and an upper layer with lower hydrophilicity comprising PVA to induce flexibility. Physicochemical properties of the dressing were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, swelling behaviour and antibacterial measurements. A wound healing study was performed using an experimental rat model and two different compositions of the bioactive dressing were compared with a commercial wound dressing (Comfeel, Coloplast, Denmark). Histopathological evaluation was conducted for this purpose. Results: Characterisation results showed that a smooth bilayer film with two homogenous but distinct layers was produced. The dressing also provided adequate moisture to the wound environment without infection and adhesion due to dryness occurring. Our results exhibited significant bactericidal activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and improved the wound healing process without any scarring. Histopathological findings demonstrated a significant higher healing rate in vivo together with well-formed epidermis, granulation tissue formation and tissue contraction, when compared with the commercial wound dressing. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated acceptable physical and healing effects for the novel bioactive wound dressing; however, more investigations are recommended.

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Multifunctional Gelatin/Chitosan Electrospun Wound Dressing Dopped with Undaria pinnatifida Phlorotannin-Enriched Extract for Skin Regeneration

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13122152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2152

Author(s):

Carolina A. M. Ferreira ◽

Adriana P. Januário ◽

Rafael Félix ◽

Nuno Alves ◽

Marco F. L. Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Dressing ◽

Undaria Pinnatifida ◽

Healing Process ◽

Skin Regeneration ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Health Concern ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Hybrid Fibers ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Over Time

The similarities of electrospun fibers with the skin extracellular matrix (ECM) make them promising structures for advanced wound dressings. Moreover, infection and resistance in wounds are a major health concern that may be reduced with antibacterial wound dressings. In this work, a multifunctional wound dressing was developed based on gelatin/chitosan hybrid fibers dopped with phlorotannin-enrich extract from the seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. The intrinsic electrospun structure properties combined with the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of phlorotannin-enrich extract will enhance the wound healing process. Electrospun meshes were produced by incorporating 1 or 2 wt% of extract, and the structure without extract was used as a control. Physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological properties were evaluated for all conditions. Results demonstrated that all developed samples presented a homogenous fiber deposition with the average diameters closer to the native ECM fibrils, and high porosities (~90%) that will be crucial to control the wound moist environment. According to the tensile test assays, the incorporation of phlorotannin-enriched extract enhances the elastic performance of the samples. Additionally, the extract incorporation made the structure stable over time since its in vitro degradation rates decreased under enzymatic medium. Extract release profile demonstrated a longstanding delivery (up to 160 days), reaching a maximum value of ~98% over time. Moreover, the preliminary antimicrobial results confirm the mesh’s antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In terms of biological characterization, no condition presented cytotoxicity effects on hDNF cells, allowing their adhesion and proliferation over 14 days, except the condition of 2 wt% after 7 days. Overall, the electrospun structure comprising phlorotannins-enriched extract is a promising bioactive structure with potential to be used as a drug delivery system for skin regeneration by reducing the bacterial infection in the wound bed.

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Nanomaterials for Wound Dressings: An Up-to-Date Overview

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112699 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2699 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexandra Elena Stoica ◽

Cristina Chircov ◽

Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Contact Layer ◽

Molecular Engineering ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Management ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Burn Treatment ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Self Assembling

As wound healing continues to be a challenge for the medical field, wound management has become an essential factor for healthcare systems. Nanotechnology is a domain that could provide different new approaches concerning regenerative medicine. It is worth mentioning the importance of nanoparticles, which, when embedded in biomaterials, can induce specific properties that make them of interest in applications as materials for wound dressings. In the last years, nano research has taken steps to develop molecular engineering strategies for different self-assembling biocompatible nanoparticles. It is well-known that nanomaterials can improve burn treatment and also the delayed wound healing process. In this review, the first-line of bioactive nanomaterials-based dressing categories frequently applied in clinical practice, including semi-permeable films, semipermeable foam dressings, hydrogel dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, alginate dressings, non-adherent contact layer dressings, and multilayer dressings will be discussed. Additionally, this review will highlight the lack of high-quality evidence and the necessity for future advanced trials because current wound healing therapies generally fail to provide an excellent clinical outcome, either structurally or functionally. The use of nanomaterials in wound management represents a unique tool that can be specifically designed to closely reflect the underlying physiological processes in tissue repair.

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Nanotechnology Development for Formulating Essential Oils in Wound Dressing Materials to Promote the Wound-Healing Process: A Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1713

Author(s):

Ilenia De Luca ◽

Parisa Pedram ◽

Arash Moeini ◽

Pierfrancesco Cerruti ◽

Gianfranco Peluso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dressing Materials ◽

Wound Dressing Materials

Wound healing refers to the replacement of damaged tissue through strongly coordinated cellular events. The patient’s condition and different types of wounds complicate the already intricate healing process. Conventional wound dressing materials seem to be insufficient to facilitate and support this mechanism. Nanotechnology could provide the physicochemical properties and specific biological responses needed to promote the healing process. For nanoparticulate dressing design, growing interest has focused on natural biopolymers due to their biocompatibility and good adaptability to technological needs. Polysaccharides are the most common natural biopolymers used for wound-healing materials. In particular, alginate and chitosan polymers exhibit intrinsic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, useful for guaranteeing efficient treatment. Recent studies highlight that several natural plant-derived molecules can influence healing stages. In particular, essential oils show excellent antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that can be amplified by combining them with nanotechnological strategies. This review summarizes recent studies concerning essential oils as active secondary compounds in polysaccharide-based wound dressings.

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Marine Polysaccharides for Wound Dressings Application: An Overview

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13101666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1666

Author(s):

Shenghai Shen ◽

Xiaowen Chen ◽

Zhewen Shen ◽

Hao Chen

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Management ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Wound Therapy ◽

Accelerate Wound Healing ◽

Active Substances

Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials, marine polysaccharides are divided from most marine organisms. It possesses various bioactivities, which allowing them to be processed into various forms of wound dressings. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the application of marine polysaccharides in wound dressings is particularly important for the studies of wound therapy. In this review, we first introduce the wound healing process and describe the characteristics of modern commonly used dressings. Then, the properties of various marine polysaccharides and their application in wound dressing development are outlined. Finally, strategies for developing and enhancing marine polysaccharide wound dressings are described, and an outlook of these dressings is given. The diverse bioactivities of marine polysaccharides including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic properties, etc., providing excellent wound management and accelerate wound healing. Meanwhile, these biomaterials have higher biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to synthetic ones. On the other hand, marine polysaccharides can be combined with copolymers and active substances to prepare various forms of dressings. Among them, emerging types of dressings such as nanofibers, smart hydrogels and injectable hydrogels are at the research frontier of their development. Therefore, marine polysaccharides are essential materials in wound dressings fabrication and have a promising future.

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Macrophage immunomodulation: An indispensable tool to evaluate the performance of wound dressing biomaterials

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials ◽

10.1177/2280800019830355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 228080001983035 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrícia Varela ◽

Susanna Sartori ◽

Richard Viebahn ◽

Jochen Salber ◽

Gianluca Ciardelli

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Wide Range

A major burden of the healthcare system resides in providing proper medical treatment for all types of chronic wounds, which are usually treated with dressings to induce a faster regeneration. Hence, to reduce healing time and improve the patient’s quality of life, it is extremely important to select the most appropriate constituent material for a specific wound dressing. A wide range of wound dressings exist but their mechanisms of action are poorly explored, especially concerning the immunomodulatory effects that occur from the interactions between immune cells and the biomaterial. Tissue-resident and monocyte-derived recruited macrophages are key regulators of wound repair. These phagocytic immune cells exert specific functions during the different stages of wound healing. The recognition of the substantial role of macrophages in the outcome of the wound healing process requires specific understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of commercially available or newly developed wound dressings. For a precise intervention, it is necessary to obtain more knowledge on macrophage polarization in different phases of wound healing in the presence of the dressings. The main purpose of this review is to collect clinical cases in which macrophage immunomodulation was taken into consideration as an indicator of the performances of novel or mainstream wound dressing materials, including those provided with antimicrobial properties.

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Modern Wound Dressings and their Application

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v27i6.1599 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Maliheh Yaghoobi ◽

Masoumeh Nasrollahzadeh ◽

Fatemeh Asjadi

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

Selection Of ◽

Suitable Environment

Introdution: Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process, which requires to be prepared a suitable environment to promote healing process. Wound dressing is one of the most important external factors affecting the wound healing process. With the advancement in technology, more than 1000 types of modern wound dressings have been developed. Wound dressings are either based on natural materials or on the basis of synthetic and chemical materials. In addition to the protective and covering role, which modern wound dressings play, they have a chemical and physical interaction with wound bed addition. They carry antibiotics, drugs and nanoparticles and play an important role in maintaining moisture or hydration the wound; all of these factors can facilitate the wound healing process. In this study, the wound healing process and the properties of wound dressings were presented first and then the types of wound dressings and their applications were investigated. This study, with comprehensive information on the types of modern wound dressings and their advantages and drawbacks, will help a physician in the proper selection of an appropriate wound dressing.

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A systematic and quantitative method for wound-dressing evaluation

Burns & Trauma ◽

10.1186/s41038-015-0013-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xiaorong Zhang ◽

Rui Xu ◽

Xiaohong Hu ◽

Gaoxing Luo ◽

Jun Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Control Group ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Different Types ◽

Histological Results ◽

Full Thickness Wound ◽

Wound Tissue

Abstract Background For patients with skin defects such as burns, wound dressing plays important roles in protecting the wound. Before a novel wound dressing is applied to a patient, a series of tests should be performed to ensure its safety and efficacy. Different types of animal wound-healing models have been used to study the bio-function of different wound dressings; however, a systematic way to evaluate the effect of a wound dressing on wound healing and cutaneous regeneration is lacking. Methods In the study presented here, full-thickness wound models were established in mice, and a systematic way to quantitatively analyze the wound-healing process and the histological results is described. Results It was found that the rate of wound healing in the tested wound dressing (TWD) group was higher than that in the control group, and the re-epithelialization and the formation of granulation tissue were enhanced when the TWD was applied. Meanwhile, the inflammatory response was attenuated in the TWD group, and more mature and better aligned collagen fibers in the healed wound tissue was found in the TWD group compared with that in the control group. Conclusions A systematic, quantitative way to analyze the effect of a wound dressing on wound healing was established. And it might be helpful for the design of wound dressing in the future.

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