Carbon Black Replacement in Natural Rubber Composites Using Dry-Milled Calcium Carbonate, Soy Protein, and Biochar

Recent discoveries have shown that calcium carbonate and soy protein interactions can be used to reinforce rubber composites with improvements on the effective crosslink density and moduli. However, the method to incorporate the soy protein into the rubber matrix may be costly to scale up, since it involves microfluidization and drying steps prior to rubber compounding. In this work, a simpler process involving dry-milled calcium carbonate and soy protein was used to explore filler blends of calcium carbonate, soy protein, biochar, and carbon black. By blending these filler materials in various ratios, rubber composite samples with 40–50% of the carbon black replaced by sustainable alternatives were made. These composites had essentially the same tensile strength, with better toughness and elongation properties relative to the carbon black control. These composites would reduce dependence on petroleum and be more amenable to the rubber composite compounding infrastructure.

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Synthesis of Natural Composite of Natural Rubber Filling Chitosan Nanoparticles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.96 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 821 ◽

pp. 96-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thidarat Petchsoongsakul ◽

Peerapan Dittanet ◽

Surapich Loykulnant ◽

Chaveewan Kongkaew ◽

Paweena Prapainainar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Rubber Composites ◽

Natural Rubber Composites ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽

Rubber Composite ◽

Natural Composite

Mechanical properties of natural rubber composite were improved by adding chitosan nanoparticles in this work. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. The effect of chitosan nanoparticle content in natural rubber at 0, 3, 6 and 9 phr were studied. Size of the synthesized chitosan nanoparticles was 282 ± 96 nm. Natural rubber vulcanization was by electron irradiation at intensity 200 kGy. The morphology of composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) were determined by tensile testing. The interaction of filler-rubber was illustrated by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that chitosan nanoparticles was well dispersed within natural rubber matrix. The optimum filler content was affected to mechanicals properties of natural rubber composites. The chitosan nanoparticles at 3 phr in natural rubber composites was found to have the highest mechanical properties. The dispersion and immobilization of chitosan nanoparticles at 3 phr was the best among all loading. In addition, 3 phr chitosan nanoparticles / natural rubber composite had filler-rubber higher interaction than those of other loading.

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The Effects of Carbon Black and Calcium Carbonate as a Filler on Cure Characteristic and Physical Properties of SBR/CRr Blends

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.867 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 594-595 ◽

pp. 867-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmad Azmi Azrem ◽

N.Z. Noriman ◽

M.N. Razif

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Particle Dispersion ◽

Surface Reactivity ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Filler Materials ◽

Bonding Quality ◽

Dispersion Surface ◽

Cure Characteristic

Filler are compounding ingredients added to a rubber compound for the purpose of iether reinforcing or cheapening the compound. Despite that, fillers can also be used to modify the physical properties of both unvulcanized and vulcanized rubbers. Typically filler materials include carbon black, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate and clay [. The mechanism of reinforcement of elastomers by fillers has been reviewed by several workers. They considered that the effect of filler is to increase the number of chains, which share the load of a broken polymer chain. It is known that in the case of filled vulcanizates, the efficiency of reinforcement depends on a complex interaction of several filler related parameters. They include particle size, particle shape, particle dispersion, surface area, surface reactivity, structure of the filler and the bonding quality between the filler and the rubber matrix [.

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Wet compounding with pyrolytic carbon black from waste tyre for manufacture of new tyre – A mini review

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x211004746 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2110047

Author(s):

Junqing Xu ◽

Jiaxue Yu ◽

Wenzhi He ◽

Juwen Huang ◽

Junshi Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Pyrolytic Carbon ◽

Research Progress ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Nano Materials ◽

Natural Rubber Composites ◽

Waste Tyres ◽

Dry Mixing ◽

Waste Tyre

Pyrolysis offers a more focused alternative to waste tyres treatment. Pyrolytic carbon black (CBp), the main product of waste tyre pyrolysis, and its modified species can be applied to tyre manufacturing realizing its high-value utilization. Modified pyrolytic carbon black/natural rubber composites prepared by a wet compounding (WC) and latex mixing process have become an innovative technology route for waste tyre remanufacturing. The main properties and applications of CBp reported in recent years are reviewed, and the main difficulties affecting its participation in tyre recycling are pointed out. The research progress of using WC technology to replace dry mixing manufacturing of new tyres is summarized. Through literature data and comparative studies, this paper points out that the characteristic of high ash content can be well utilized if CBp is applied to tyre manufacturing. This mini-review proposes a new method for high-value utilization of CBp. The composite mixing of CBp and carbon nano-materials under wet conditions is conducive to the realization of their good dispersion in the rubber matrix. This provides a new idea for customer resource integration and connection of industry development between the tyre production industry and waste tyre disposal management.

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Orthogonal Experiment Analysis of Mechanical Thermal Conductivity on Multi-Component Fillers

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2379 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 753-755 ◽

pp. 2379-2382

Author(s):

Shi Meng Xu ◽

Run Bo Ma ◽

Jian Hua Du ◽

Jun Hong Liu ◽

Qi Jin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Experiment Design ◽

Rubber Composites ◽

Orthogonal Experiment Design ◽

Rubber Composite ◽

Al Powder ◽

Experiment Analysis

Filled the N330 carbon black, silica T80 carbon black and Al powder and Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles, the rubber composites on multi-component electromagnetic fillers were prepared according to orthogonal experiment analysis, and the preliminary experiment conclusions of the filler prescription designs were given; Based on the experiment design, the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the rubber composite were tested, and the testing results were analyzed by using variance analysis. Thus, the paper shows that the effects of N330 on rubber mechanical properties are significant, and the effects of Al powder on the rubber thermal conductivity are significant. Moreover, it is highly emphasized in this paper that the orthogonal experiment design must be carefully explored before the tests are executed.

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