scholarly journals Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Based Energy Potential in Urban Pakistan

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddiqi ◽  
Naseer ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Hamizi ◽  
Badruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Negative Impacts

Solid waste management needs re-evaluating in developing countries like Pakistan, which currently employs landfilling as a first option. Over time, increasing population will result in decreasing space for landfill sites, ultimately increasing the cost of landfilling, while increasing accumulated waste will cause pollution. Locating and preparing a sanitary landfill includes the securing of large sectors and also everyday activity with the end goal to limit potential negative impacts. Energy production from municipal solid waste (MSW) is a perceptive idea for large cities, such as Karachi, as waste, which is an undesirable output that adds to land and air pollution, is transformed into a vital source of energy. The current study strives to provide a destination to solid waste by evaluating the energy potential that waste provides for power generation by the process of incineration. A sustainable energy generation plant based on the Rankine cycle is proposed. This study evaluates the various landfill sites in the case study area to determine their sustainability for a waste to energy (WtE) plant. The implementation of the proposed plant will not only provide an ultimate destination to waste but also generate 121.9 MW electricity at 25% plant efficiency. Thus, the generated electricity can be used to run a WtE plant and meet the energy requirements of the residents.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management in Response to Global Warming and Climate Change in Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Green House Gases ◽  
Green House ◽  
Landfill Sites

The study aims to focuses on waste-to-energy and especially its current status and benefits, with regard to GHG, renewable energy production and slurry management based on an experience in Nepal. An environment pollution and climate change happened due to green house gases (GHG) emission. As we know that the most of the anthropogenic emission of GHG results from the combustion of fossil fuels but we should also know that environmental concerns such as waste management also contribute for Global Warming. The solid waste management is based on an understanding of MSWs composition and physiochemical characteristics. The results show that organic matter represents 69% of waste, followed by paper-cardboard 7%, plastic 8%, miscellaneous 13%, metal 1% and glass 2%. The major source of GHG from landfill sites which produce significant methane and carbon dioxide gas. The main impact of the methane is on global scale, as a greenhouse gas. Although levels of methane in the environment are relatively low, its high “global warming potential” (21 times that of carbon dioxide) rank it amongst the worst of green house gases. The main cause to increase atmospheric temperature due to highly production of GHG (CH4, CO2 & N2O etc). GHG mitigation measure in the waste include source reduction through waste prevention, recycling, composting, waste to energy incineration and methane capture from landfills and waste water. Specific mitigation option include use of 3R principle; waste segregation, reduction at source; composting anaerobic digestion for biogas; sanitary landfill sites with methane capture; healthcare waste management; proper statutory framework; public participation; private sector partnership; tax waiver for recycling enterprises; and financial management. Regulation is required to ban of recyclable waste in landfill.

Environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste management value chain: A case study from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379-1388
Author(s):  
Uzma Atta ◽  
Majid Hussain ◽  
Riffat Naseem Malik
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Aquatic Ecotoxicity

The present study quantified environmental impacts of the Rawalpindi Waste Management Company (RWMC) value chain in Pakistan for three consecutive years (2015–2018) using a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Energy potential from municipal solid wastes (MSW) was also predicted till the year 2050. Based on a functional unit of 1.0 tonne of MSW, the study analyzed inputs and outputs data through SimaPro v.8.3 applying CML 2000 methodology and cumulative exergy demand indicator (CExD). LCA revealed that operational activities of RWMC mainly contributed to marine aquatic ecotoxicity, i.e. 8962.83 kg1,4-DBeq t−1 MSW, indicating long-range transport of petrogenic hydrocarbons from the company’s fleet gasoline combustion. Similarly, human toxicity potential, global warming potential and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential were also found to be significant, i.e. 18.14 kg1,4-DBeq t−1 MSW, 15.79 kgCO2eq t−1 MSW and 6.22 kg1,4-DBeq t−1 MSW, respectively. The CExD showed that company activities consumed 827.14 MJ t−1 MSW exergy from nature, and gasoline used in MSW transport was the most exergy-intensive process, using 634.47 MJ exergy per tonne MSW disposed of. Projections for energy generation potential up to the year 2050 showed that MSW of Rawalpindi city will have the potential to produce 3901 megawatt of energy to fulfill the energy needs of the country. Possible stratagems to reduce environmental impacts from the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) value chain of RWMC include curtailing dependency on petrogenic and fossil fuels in mobile sources, optimization of waste collection methods and dumping routes, inclining attention toward suitable wastes-to-energy conversion technology and opting for a holistic approach of MSWM in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Yeshi Choden ◽  
Tashi Tenzin ◽  
Karchung K. ◽  
Karma Norbu ◽  
Sangay Wangmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Energy Potential

Conversion of Solid waste into energy is the most resourceful process to combat landfill saturation and environmental impression. Bhutan, with an exponential rise in the waste production, Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion is an alternative solution for municipal solid waste management (MSW). The study for MSW composition and its energy potential analysis for Memelakha (Thimphu) and Pekarshing (Phuntsholing) landfills was done to resolve the waste management challenges in the country. The standard number of samples from two dumpsites were used to analyze for the waste characterization (waste composition, proximate analysis, chemical analysis) and high heating value (HHV) of MSW. MSW of two landfills showed that the main elemental constituents were Carbon and Oxygen with 17.26% and 9.97% by mass respectively for Pekarshing and 16.52% (Carbon) and 11.07% (Oxygen) by mass for Memelakha landfill. Based on the physio-chemical analysis of MSW, the average calorific HHV of MSW obtained were 10.028 MJ/kg (26.04% of coal energy) for Pekarshing dumpsite and 9.6 MJ/kg (24.94% of coal energy) for Memelakha. The analysis showed that by the year 2050 Memelakha landfill has the potential to generate the power of 8.85 Megawatt (MW) and 1.44 Megawatt (MW) for Pekarshing. For (WTE) conversion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification technologies are found suitable based on the current composition MSW of Bhutan. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency and percentage of wastage, the gasification process was the most feasible method for WTE conversion at two locations with a waste volume reduction of 80 to 90 percent at the landfill.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Osra ◽  
Huseyin Kurtulus Ozcan ◽  
Jaber S. Alzahrani ◽  
Mohammad S. Alsoufi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Makkah City

In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability and blockage of the drainage system. Solid Waste Management (SWM) can be enhanced by operating a well-engineered site with the capacity to reduce, reuse, and recover MSW. Makkah city is one of the holiest cities in the world. It harbors a dozen of holy places. Millions of people across the globe visit the place every year to perform Hajj, Umrah, and tourism. In the present study, MSW characterization and energy recovery from MSW of Makkah was determined. The average composition of solid waste in Makkah city is organic matter (48%), plastics (25%), paper and cardboard (20%), metals (4%), glass (2%), textiles (1%), and wood (1%). In order to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) was used. According to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined. Kakia open dump has a methane potential of 83.52 m3 per ton of waste.

scholarly journals Development of an Ex-Ante Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Municipal Solid Waste Management Innovations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Stephanie Maier ◽  
Rafael Horn ◽  
Robert Holländer ◽  
Ralf Aschemann
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Negative Impacts

Various municipal solid waste management (MSWM) innovations have emerged in developing countries in face of the challenges posed by increasing waste generation and poor MSWM practice. We present a methodology to assess the potential sustainability impact of MSWM innovations in a holistic manner. The Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis (LCSA) framework and the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) facilitated the methodology development. The result of applying the methodology to the case of waste bank (WB) in Bandung City shows that WB potentially generates the greatest sustainability impact in the resource recovery phase and the smallest impact in the collection and final disposal phase. All negative impacts could arise in the economic dimension. Surprisingly, WB as a national strategy to achieve 3Rs would not effectively solve Bandung City’s landfill problem. Almost all SDGs would benefit from the WB program under the assumed conditions. This methodology will facilitate the decision-making in MSWM by (1) comparing available innovations to find the optimal solution, (2) identifying the hot spots and taking measures to combat the negative impacts, (3) providing the basis for monitoring the implementation process and the ex-post performance assessment.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL TYPIFICATION OF TERRITORIES FOR ALLOCATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 1124-1136
Author(s):  
Irina KOZLIAKOVA ◽  
Irina KOZHEVNIKOVA ◽  
Olga EREMINA ◽  
Nadezhda ANISIMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) appears to be one of the major ecological problems at present. Selecting sites for the disposal of municipal solid wastes or waste utilization facilities is one of the most contentious aspects of waste management. The present study aimed to develop the methodology to assess the natural protection of the geological environment from contamination upon the implementation of large ecological projects due to the allocation of MSW utilization facilities. The case of the Central Federal District of Russia (CFD) is taken as an example. The suitability of territories for municipal solid waste disposal is assessed according to the presence of weakly permeable deposits in the geological cross-section and their occurrence mode. A “map of engineering geological zoning CFD by the conditions of allocation MSW disposal sites and utilization facilities” has been compiled to a scale 1:2500000. The map gives a general indication of the suitability of the planned sites for waste disposal within the regarded region and showed that, for the bulk of territory, the allocation of MSW disposal and management facilities requires undertaking additional measures for the geoenvironmental protection from contamination.

scholarly journals Effectiveness analysis of the ITM environmental programs: saving and efficient use of electric energy and water, and comprehensive solid waste management. A case study

DYNA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (207) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Carlos Esteban Aristizabal-Alzate ◽  
José Luís González Manosalva
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Management Program ◽  
University System ◽  
Environmental Programs ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Negative Impacts

Universities are complex organizations, so when implementing an EMS and adopting strategies, methodologies and programs they must involve the entire university system to minimize the negative impacts on the environment and, thus, lead the search for sustainable or carbon neutral organizations. Carbon Footprint was used as an indicator to measure the sustainability effectiveness of the environmental programs implemented and promoted by the EMS-ITM and how they mitigate the emission of GHGs. The calculation of this indicator was developed following ISO 14040-14044 and ISO 14064, for the ITM-Robledo campus and for the period 2015-2017. The results show the relevance and the reduction in the GHG emission levels achieved by the environmental programs studied, especially by the comprehensive solid waste management program, with which the highest levels of mitigation are achieved.

Municipal solid waste management in Kitwe City

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1092
Author(s):  
Bupe Getrude Mwanza ◽  
Charles Mbohwa ◽  
Arnesh Telukdarie
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the present municipal solid wastes (MSWs) management system, from an engineering management (EM) perspective, for the City of Kitwe while proposing a levers-driven sustainable municipal solid waste management (MSWM) model focussing on improving waste management (WM). Design/methodology/approach The research work involves four stages. First, a comprehensive review of literature is conducted on MSWM. Second, structured interviews are conducted with key experts in solid waste management in the City of Kitwe in order to enhance the knowledge inputs. Third, direct observations and an interview with a WM driver are conducted in order to understand; the collection, disposal and treatment options for MSWs. Lastly, a sustainable model for managing MSWs is proposed Findings The research findings indicate that the existing MSW system for the city is highly unsustainable and lacks EM methodologies. There are still a number of challenges in the management of MSWs which include: lack of proper collection and storage of MSWs; lack of an engineered landfill; lack of waste recovery and treatment systems; and lack of public education aimed at reducing and separating MSWs. Practical implications A correct and detailed database for waste generation, collection, treatment and disposal is needed for the City of Kitwe. The system is necessary for WM resources allocation as well as for planning sustainable WM projects. The proposed model has been developed based on the actual observations, data collection and analysis. Originality/value The research identifies a gap in the management of MSWs for the City of Kitwe. This work is original as no similar MSW model has been proposed globally and specific for a developing economy such as Africa.

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