scholarly journals Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zheng-Liang Xue ◽  
Yi-Liang Chen ◽  
Xue-Gong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mushy Zone ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Thermodynamic Models ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Phase Zone ◽  
Tire Cord Steel

Tire cord steel is widely used in the tire production process of the vehicle manufacturing industry due to its excellent strength and toughness. Titanium nitride (TiN) inclusion, existing in tire rod, has a seriously detrimental effect on the fatigue and drawing performances of the tire steel. In order to control its amount and morphology, the precipitation behavior of TiN during solidification in SWRH 92A tire cord steel was analyzed by selected thermodynamic models. The calculated results showed that TiN cannot precipitate in the liquid phase region regardless of the selected models. However, the precipitation of TiN in the mushy zone would occur at the final stage during the solidification process (at solid fractions greater than 0.98) if the LRSM (Lever-rule model was applied for the N and Scheil model for Ti) or Ohnaka models (without considering the effect of carbon on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS)) were adopted. For the Ohnaka model, in the case when the effect of carbon on SDAS was considered, TiN would probably precipitate in the solid phase zone rather than precipitate in the liquid phase region or mushy zone.

scholarly journals Radial integral boundary element method for simulating phase change problem with mushy zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiao Yao ◽  
Weian Yao ◽  
Chong Zuo ◽  
Xiaofei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Boundary Element Method ◽  
Mushy Zone ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Zone ◽  
Integral Boundary ◽  
Precise Integration ◽  
Change Problem

AbstractA radial integral boundary element method (BEM) is used to simulate the phase change problem with a mushy zone in this paper. Three phases, including the solid phase, the liquid phase, and the mushy zone, are considered in the phase change problem. First, according to the continuity conditions of temperature and its gradient on the liquid-mushy interface, the mushy zone and the liquid phase in the simulation can be considered as a whole part, namely, the non-solid phase, and the change of latent heat is approximated by heat source which is dependent on temperature. Then, the precise integration BEM is used to obtain the differential equations in the solid phase zone and the non-solid phase zone, respectively. Moreover, an iterative predictor-corrector precise integration method (PIM) is needed to solve the differential equations and obtain the temperature field and the heat flux on the boundary. According to an energy balance equation and the velocity of the interface between the solid phase and the mushy zone, the front-tracking method is used to track the move of the interface. The interface between the liquid phase and the mushy zone is obtained by interpolation of the temperature field. Finally, four numerical examples are provided to assess the performance of the proposed numerical method.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis of precipitation behavior of Ti-bearing inclusions in SWRH 92A tire cord steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 102428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zheng-Liang Xue ◽  
Hang-Yu Zhu ◽  
Jia-Liu Lei
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Tire Cord Steel

Mesoscopic Models of Liquid/Solid Phase Transitions

1998 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. 1405-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de Fabritiis ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
D. Mansutti ◽  
S. Succi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mushy Zone ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chaotic Motions ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Mesoscopic Models ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Models ◽  
Solid Liquid

A generalization of mesoscopic Lattice-Boltzmann models aimed at describing flows with solid/liquid phase transitions is presented. It exhibits lower computational costs with respect to the numerical schemes resulting from differential models. Moreover it is suitable to describe chaotic motions in the mushy zone.

scholarly journals The Simulation of the Preparation of the Ingot With Liquid Core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yongqiang wu ◽  
Zhi-ren Sun ◽  
Kaikun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Deform 3D ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

Abstract During the preparation of the ingot with liquid core in the early stage, the finite element models of the solidification and the ultra-high temperature demoulding were established in DEFORM-3D. The thermophysical properties of ASSAB 718 with the variations of C, Mn and Cr were calculated in JMatPro®. The material database was imported into DEFORM-3D. Through the analysis of the finite element simulation results, we obtained the influence of three main elements C, Mn and Cr contents on the size of the solid-phase region, the liquid-phase region and the solid-liquid two-phase region in the ingot. We optimized the composition of the material to get a wide solid-liquid phase range. The high carbon, the medium manganese and the high chromium contents were beneficial to form the liquid core. Based on the method of the solidification time, the algorithm was programmed by the python language. We analyzed the influence of the three elements C, Mn, and Cr on the concentration distribution based on the temperature field data, which were obtained by DEFORM-2D after the solidification and the ultra-high temperature demoulding. According to the simulation results, we found that the region prone to negative segregation.

Application of High Temperature Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction on Determination of Ternary System

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Qiu Guo Xiao ◽  
Gang Cheng Ding ◽  
Tang Zhong Long ◽  
Shao Hua Shen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Section ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Phase Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Phase

This paper has put forward a high-temperature quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis method for the determination of an isothermal section of a ternary system in comparison with a conventional method. In a three-phase region of the isothermal section at 1150 °C of Cu2O(CuO)-Al2O3-SiO2 pseudo-ternary system, the compositions of the solid phase points of three system points are determined according to the quantitative analysis of the crystalline phases in the samples carried out by Rietveld method. Then the liquid phase point of the three-phase region is determined according to the crosspoints of the tie lines of every pair of system point and solid phase point. The precisions of the analytical results have reached to be 0.1 ~ 5.0 %. By comparison, a good result is obtained for the determination of the liquid phase point of the three-phase region in the isothermal section at 1150 °C when the analytical results of high-temperature RQA analysis are used in determination of the isothermal section of the pseudo-ternary system.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

scholarly journals Prion-Like Proteins in Phase Separation and Their Link to Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Macy L. Sprunger ◽  
Meredith E. Jackrel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Important Physiological Process ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Aberrant protein folding underpins many neurodegenerative diseases as well as certain myopathies and cancers. Protein misfolding can be driven by the presence of distinctive prion and prion-like regions within certain proteins. These prion and prion-like regions have also been found to drive liquid-liquid phase separation. Liquid-liquid phase separation is thought to be an important physiological process, but one that is prone to malfunction. Thus, aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transitions may drive protein aggregation and fibrillization, which could give rise to pathological inclusions. Here, we review prions and prion-like proteins, their roles in phase separation and disease, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to counter aberrant phase transitions.

Effect of maturity of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay on intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics when given to zebu bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A.J. Ayala-Burgos ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell ◽  
R.M. Godoy ◽  
Hamana S. Saidén ◽  
R. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Cattle in the tropics mostly depend on pastures. During dry periods the forage available is usually mature, constraining both intake and digestion. These constraints need to be understood, for intake and digestibility define productivity. Intake depends on the rumen space made available by fermentation and outflow. Markers such as PEG (liquid phase), and chromium mordanted fibre (solid phase) can be used to measure rumen volume and outflow, but have limitations. The objective of this experiment was to measure intake, digestibility, and rumen kinetics of cattle fed ad libitum forages with very different degradation characteristics, and also to compare rumen volumes measured with markers with those obtained by manual emptying.

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