scholarly journals Optimizing Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil: A Comparative Study of Acacia tortilis and Pine Dust

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Gratitude Charis ◽  
Gwiranai Danha ◽  
Edison Muzenda
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Condenser Temperature

We collected pine dust and Acacia tortilis samples from Zimbabwe and Botswana, respectively. We then pyrolyzed them in a bench-scale plant under varying conditions. This investigation aimed to determine an optimum temperature that will give result to maximum yield and quality of the bio-oil fraction. Our experimental results show that we obtain the maximum yield of the oil fraction at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C for the acacia and at 500 °C for the pine dust. Our results also show that we obtain an oil fraction with a heating value (HHV) of 36.807 MJ/kg using acacia as the feed material subject to a primary condenser temperature of 140 °C. Under the same pyrolysis temperature, we obtain an HHV value of 15.78 MJ/kg using pine dust as the raw material at a primary condenser temperature of 110 °C. The bio-oil fraction we obtain from Acacia tortilis at these condensation temperatures has an average pH value of 3.42 compared to that of 2.50 from pine dust. The specific gravity of the oil from Acacia tortilis is 1.09 compared to that of 1.00 from pine dust. We elucidated that pine dust has a higher bio-oil yield of 46.1% compared to 41.9% obtained for acacia. Although the heavy oils at condenser temperatures above 100 °C had good HHVs, the yields were low, ranging from 2.8% to 4.9% for acacia and 0.2% to 12.7% for pine dust. Our future work will entail efforts to improve the yield of the heavy oil fraction and scale up our results for trials on plant scale capacity.

scholarly journals BIOSTIMULATOR MADE OF WASTE OF KERATIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Larisa Bryndina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Keratin Hydrolysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Ecosystem degradation forces us to introduce highly productive, environmentally friendly biotechnologies in agricultural production. In this regard, interest in organic farming is growing. Demand for organic products is ahead of supply. This, in its turn, causes interest in substances that, on the one hand, are safe for the environment, and on the other hand, increase yield and quality of crops. These substances include biostimulants. They stimulate the natural processes of assimilation of nutrients, increase stress resistance of plants. In this regard, keratin-containing raw materials deserve special attention, which, in terms of chemical composition, is a protein concentrate (90-95%) . But its use is limited due to the low functionality of the keratin protein of this raw material. Enzymatic keratin hydrolysis will provide a biostimulant for plants with a high content of amino acids. The aim of the study was to develop an enzymatic method for keratin hydrolysis with a high content of amino acids in the final product. Fermentation was carried out by Str. chromogeness.g. 0832 proteinase. The content of soluble protein, peptides and amino acids was carried out photocolorimetrically. Temperature (4000C) and pH (8.0) conditions of Str. chromogeness.g. 0832 enzyme complex have been determined, which allowed further hydrolysis of keratin-containing raw materials with a maximum yield of final products - amino acids (99.57 g/100g). Treatment of corn seeds with the obtained amino acid solution enabled to increase growth-promoting activity by 48%.

Pengaruh Jenis Co-Solvent terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Biodiesel secara Transesterifikasi In Situ Menggunakan Radiasi Gelombang Mikro

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mahlinda Mahlinda ◽  
Fitriana Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The main purpose of this research was to observer effect co-solvent type (n-Hexane, chloroform and without co-solvent)  toward yield and quality of biodiesel via in situ transesterification process using microwave irradiation. The process was studied at microwave power 450 watt, reaction time 4 minutes, methanol to seed ratio 25:1 and catalyst concentration 5%. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel produced such as viscosity, density and acid value were analysed and compared with the SNI 7182-2012 standard. The experimental result showed the maximum yield biodiesel 78,32% obtained by using co-solvent chloroform.Test result of physicochemical properties (viscosity, density and acid value) of biodiesel products using co solvent n-Hexane, chloroform and without co solvent showed that these products conform to the SNI 7182-2012 standars. The type of co-solvent only affectedon biodiesel yield dan not affected on biodiesel quality (viscosity, density and acid value).  ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis co-solvent (n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent) terhadap rendemen dan mutu biodiesel secara trasesterifikasi in situ menggunakan radiasi gelombang mikro. Proses dilakukan pada daya gelombang mikro 450 watt, waktu reaksi 4 menit, perbandingan berat metanol terhadap bahan baku 25:1 dan jumlah katalis 5%. Parameter fisiko kimia dari produk biodiesel seperti viskositas, densitas dan angka asam di analisa dan dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 7182-2012 tentang biodiesel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen maksimum biodiesel sebesar 78,32% diperoleh dengan menggunakan co-solvent chloroform. Hasil pengujian  karakteristik fisiko kimia (viskositas, densitas dan angka asam) dari produk biodiesel menggunakan co-solvent n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter ini masih memenuhi standar SNI 1782-2012 tentang biodiesel. Jenis co-solvent hanya berpengaruh pada rendemen biodiesel dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu biodiesel (viskositas, densitas dan bilangan asam).Kata kunci: co-solvent, in situ transesterifikasi, microwave, rendemen, mutu   

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AT VARIOUS LOAD RATES

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
N.A. Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents research data on the de-pendence between the yield and quality of grapes and shoot load. The studies were car-ried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko, Novocherkassk, Rostov re-gion. On the root-own vineyards of the Per-venets Magaracha variety tolerant to phyllox-era, the following load rates were studied: 30; 35; 40; 45 shoots per bush. For two years of research, the maximum yield was obtained in plantations with a load of 45 shoots per plant: in 2019 - 23.2; in 2020 - 14.7 t / ha with the mass concentration of sugars in berry juice 183 and 170 g / dm3, respectively. The best indicators of the quality of grapes were marked in the variant with the minimum load of shoots in the experiment: the mass concen-tration of sugars in berry juice was 196 g / dm3 in 2019 and 180 g / dm3 in 2020; the concentration of titratable acids was 7.6 and 8.8 g / dm3, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of basic soil tillage methods on fresh yield and quality of winter rape cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Anvar Sh. Gadzhikurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Republic

The development of rational system of basic soil tillage results in formation of sufficiently high crop yields. A two-factor field experiment was carried out to address these issues when cultivating winter rape cultivars on light chestnut soils of the Primorsko-Caspian sub-province of the Republic of Dagestan. VEM (standard), Elvis and Meteor winter rape cultivars were studied in the experiment. The following methods of soil tillage were studied: real tillage (control), subsoil tillage. The research revealed that there was no significant difference in agrophysical indicators between the soil cultivation variants. Data on weed infestation of winter rape fields showed that the number of weeds and their weight increased significantly after subsoil tillage. At the budding stage, the number of weeds increased 2.1-fold compared to the control (real tillage), and the weight of weeds increased 1.88-fold. During flowering stage, these indicators were 2.2 times higher. The maximum yield in all variants of the experiment was formed by Elvis cultivar - 44.9 and 41.4 t/ha, respectively, which is more than VEM (standard) and Meteor cultivars by 20.4 t/ha (7.9 %) and 20.0 t/ha (8.7 %), respectively. The yield of Meteor cultivar in these variants was also high and amounted to 41.6 and 38.1 t/ha, respectively, which was higher by 11.5 and 10.4 % compared with the standard. The greatest increase in the fresh yield was provided by real tillage. On average, the yield increased by 8.7 % for varieties in comparison with subsoil cultivation. Elvis cultivar formed the best quality indicators, followed by Meteor cultivar.

Analysis of Bio-Oil Produced by Co-Pyrolysis of Mahua Seed and Polystyrene

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 771-775
Author(s):  
Debalaxmi Pradhan ◽  
R.K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Temperature Heating

TheProduction of biofuel from biomass sources is believed to reduce the reliance of fossil fuel and its cost. This investigation was aimed to produce and characterize the bio-oil obtained from co-pyrolysis. Two different feed stocks were used for co-pyrolysis; one is Mahua seed (MS) and the other one is Polystyrene (PS). The effect in addition of plastic to biomass in pyrolysis process were investigated on the yield and quality of products. Experiments were conducted in a semi-batch pyrolysis reactor under various parameters of temperature, heating rate and blending ratio. The results indicated that a temperature of 525 °C, and blend ratio of 1:1is maximumwith a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The yield of bio-oil obtained from the co-pyrolysis was found to be approximately 71%, which was higher about 22% than that of yield obtained from pyrolysis of Mahua seed (MS) alone. Further the bio-oil was characterized using different spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. The analysis of the results for characterization of bio-oil indicated that the synergetic effect increased the bio-oil yield and its quality.

Effect of nitrogen on the yield and quality of irrigated onions (Allium cepa L.) cv. Cream Gold grown on siliceous sands

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AP Dahlenburg ◽  
TK Twigden
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Scale Thickness ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N), at rates up to 590 kg N/ha, on the yield and quality of Cream Gold onions grown on siliceous sands was investigated in field experiments conducted during 1987-88 (1 site) and 1988-89 (2 sites). As the rate of applied N increased there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the fresh weight of tops harvested when the largest bulbs were 25-30 mm in diameter. Fresh weight of tops was significantly (P<0.001) correlated with final marketable yield of bulbs. Nitrogen application accelerated top senescence. Nitrogen-deficient plants had erect green tops at harvest. Marketable yield was significantly (P<0.01) increased and the yield of culls (unmarketable bulbs) was significantly (P<0.01) decreased as the rate of N increased at all sites. Nitrogen rates in the range 299-358 kg N/ha were required for 95% of maximum yield. Scale thickness increased significantly (P<0.05) and glucose and fructose concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 2 sites as the rate of applied N increased. Soluble solids and dry matter of bulbs were not affected by N. Bulb size increased as the rate of applied N increased, however, the magnitude of the effect varied between sites. Number of days to 10% sprouting during storage at 15 � 0.5�C was significantly increased as the rate of applied N increased up to 40 kg N/ha at 2 sites. We have concluded that for the cv. Cream Gold grown on siliceous sands, the high rates of fertiliser N required to maximise marketable yield and bulb size were not detrimental to quality.

Co-Cracking of Bio-Oil Model Compound Mixture and Ethanol with Different Blending Ratios for Bio-Gasoline Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Qin Jie Cai ◽  
Shu Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Aliphatic And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reactant Conversion

Since the composition of crude bio-oil was complex, model compounds were usually used in the study of cracking to simulate the actual bio-oil. However, the cracking of pure model compound mixture generated an inferior oil phase which had a high content of oxygenated byproducts. When ethanol was adopted as the co-reactant, the reactant conversion, yield and quality of oil phase were obviously improved. The conversions of the reactants were 100% and the selectivity of the oil phase was 31.5wt% when the concentration of model compound mixture in the feed reached 30%. Meanwhile, the oil phase also had a superior quality which was entirely composed of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AT DIFFERENT LOAD RATES

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
N.A. Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Search Institute

The article presents research data on the de-pendence of the yield of vineyards and the quality of grapes on the load of shoots. The studies were carried out at the All-Russian Re-search Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko, Novocherkassk, Rostov region. On grafted vineyards of the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety, load rates were studied: 20; 25; 30; 35 shoots per bush. The conducted studies revealed: the maximum yield was obtained in plantings with a load of 35 shoots per plant and amounted to 5.78 t / ha with the best grape conditions in the experi-ment – the mass concentration of sugars in ber-ry juice was 284, and the titrated acids were 6.2 g/dm3.

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