scholarly journals BIOSTIMULATOR MADE OF WASTE OF KERATIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Larisa Bryndina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Keratin Hydrolysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Ecosystem degradation forces us to introduce highly productive, environmentally friendly biotechnologies in agricultural production. In this regard, interest in organic farming is growing. Demand for organic products is ahead of supply. This, in its turn, causes interest in substances that, on the one hand, are safe for the environment, and on the other hand, increase yield and quality of crops. These substances include biostimulants. They stimulate the natural processes of assimilation of nutrients, increase stress resistance of plants. In this regard, keratin-containing raw materials deserve special attention, which, in terms of chemical composition, is a protein concentrate (90-95%) . But its use is limited due to the low functionality of the keratin protein of this raw material. Enzymatic keratin hydrolysis will provide a biostimulant for plants with a high content of amino acids. The aim of the study was to develop an enzymatic method for keratin hydrolysis with a high content of amino acids in the final product. Fermentation was carried out by Str. chromogeness.g. 0832 proteinase. The content of soluble protein, peptides and amino acids was carried out photocolorimetrically. Temperature (4000C) and pH (8.0) conditions of Str. chromogeness.g. 0832 enzyme complex have been determined, which allowed further hydrolysis of keratin-containing raw materials with a maximum yield of final products - amino acids (99.57 g/100g). Treatment of corn seeds with the obtained amino acid solution enabled to increase growth-promoting activity by 48%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kehalusan Bahan Dan Lama Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feri Manoi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Material Extraction

Utilization of medicinal plants both for health and treatment increased at this time. Number of Traditional Medicine Industry (IOT), Small Industries Traditional Medicine (IKOT) and Industrial Appliances (PIRT) is increasing. Thus the demand for raw materials is increasing, one of which is tempuyung. Good quality raw material in the form of crude drugs and extracts need to be considered as related to the efficacy and quality of products for further processing. The study aims to determine the effect size and the old material extraction to the yield and quality of the extract. Activity consists of two sub-activities (1). How to drying (a) the sun covered with black cloth, (b) the sun combination of tools, and (c) drier. Sub-activities (2) extraction technique which consists of two factors: the fineness of materials (20,40 and 60 mesh) and the second factor is the length of the extraction (2, 4, and 6 hours). The study design using factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Parameter observations consisted of yield bulbs, phytochemical screening, quality characteristics, extract yield, and quality extracts. The results showed levels of water extract Sonchus arvensis L. greater than the levels of alcohol cider. Quality simplicia Sonchus arvensis L. dried using a dryer is not different from the quality of the dried under the sun. Fineness of materials and time of extraction affects the yield of the extract Sonchus arvensis L Keywords: Subtlety material, extraction, quality

Industrial technologies for processing waste oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
L. Stan'kovski ◽  
◽  
V.A. Dorogochinskaya ◽  
B.P. Tonkonogov ◽  
A.A. Molokanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Distillate Fractions ◽  
Material Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

A brief review of the state of collection, disposal and processing of used oils shows the availability of their resource in the country and the main trends in the organization of qualified collection, disposal and processing according to the lubricating oil version. The relevant technologies are given for individual stages and in general for enterprises, the choice of which depends on the quality and characteristics of raw materials. The advantage of the technological scheme, including coagulation purification at the stage of raw material preparation and vacuum distillation with the selection of distillate fractions and the residue, followed by additional purification of the residue, is shown. The use of this technology makes it possible to increase the yield and quality of the target product, which is practically impossible for the raw materials currently available in the Russian Federation using other technologies.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN DAN KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU MINYAK ATSIRI DARI DAUN DAN BATANG NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
A Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Better Than

The research of Distillation And Raw Material Composition Effect of Yield And Quality EssentialOil of Leaves And Stem Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth). This study aimed to examine the influence of the length of distillation and composition of raw materials to the yield and quality of essential oil of patchouli leaves and stems to produce essential oils that have a high quality and yield. The time required to obtain the highest yield of patchouli oil is 8 hours, by composition of 100% leaf (1:0), that is equal to 3.631%, while the lowest yield of patchouli oil are produced from 100% stem (1:0) by distillation of 4 hours, in the amount of 0.10%. Composition that produces patchouli oil with the best quality is 100% stems (0:1) but that yield is lower, while the quality of patchouli oil produced by 100% leaf (1:0) and a mixture of leaf-stem (1:1) quality is still lower than the patchouli oil from the stem, but its yield is better than the yield of oil patchouli by 100% composition of the stem (0:1).Keywords:  essential oil, pogostemon cablin benth, yield

scholarly journals Microwave Pre-processing Effect on Pectin Yield from Citrus Raw Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady Alekseev ◽  
Olga Egorova ◽  
Aleksey Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

The article describes a more environmentally friendly method to produce pectin compared to the classical acid scheme, which requires the use of strong mineral acids and toxic solvents. This method of obtaining pectin, like other analogs of the classical method, causes a decrease in the yield of the final product. This study aims to find ways of eliminating these barriers and increase the yield of pectin. The paper investigates the possibility to increase the yield of pectin obtained by acid hydrolysis applying citric acid through the use of preliminary microwave exposure to citrus raw materials. The work compares pectin quality indicators, such as the degree of esterification, molecular weight and gelation, for raw materials dried by the convective method and the combined method consisting of microwave pretreatment and blowing dry air. Curves of comparable pre-drying methods are presented. The rate of pectin yield at the stages of hydrolysis depending on the drying methods is analyzed. Optimal power modes for preliminary microwave drying of citrus raw materials are selected. The data obtained are valuable for both development and improvement of industrial technology of pectin production using environmental methods of extraction without the use of strong mineral acids to increase the yield and quality of pectin.

scholarly journals Optimizing Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil: A Comparative Study of Acacia tortilis and Pine Dust

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Gratitude Charis ◽  
Gwiranai Danha ◽  
Edison Muzenda
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Condenser Temperature

We collected pine dust and Acacia tortilis samples from Zimbabwe and Botswana, respectively. We then pyrolyzed them in a bench-scale plant under varying conditions. This investigation aimed to determine an optimum temperature that will give result to maximum yield and quality of the bio-oil fraction. Our experimental results show that we obtain the maximum yield of the oil fraction at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C for the acacia and at 500 °C for the pine dust. Our results also show that we obtain an oil fraction with a heating value (HHV) of 36.807 MJ/kg using acacia as the feed material subject to a primary condenser temperature of 140 °C. Under the same pyrolysis temperature, we obtain an HHV value of 15.78 MJ/kg using pine dust as the raw material at a primary condenser temperature of 110 °C. The bio-oil fraction we obtain from Acacia tortilis at these condensation temperatures has an average pH value of 3.42 compared to that of 2.50 from pine dust. The specific gravity of the oil from Acacia tortilis is 1.09 compared to that of 1.00 from pine dust. We elucidated that pine dust has a higher bio-oil yield of 46.1% compared to 41.9% obtained for acacia. Although the heavy oils at condenser temperatures above 100 °C had good HHVs, the yields were low, ranging from 2.8% to 4.9% for acacia and 0.2% to 12.7% for pine dust. Our future work will entail efforts to improve the yield of the heavy oil fraction and scale up our results for trials on plant scale capacity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF METHOD OF PROCESSING CELLULOSIC AND LIGNIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS USING CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Lakina ◽  
Valentin Yu. Doluda ◽  
Esfir M. Sulman ◽  
Irina P. Shkileva ◽  
Olga S. Burmatova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the research the results of bioethanol and other valuable products formation are described during peat hydrolytic formation. The factors of cellulose-lignin raw materials (peat and wood sawdust) stability to the action of various hydrolyzing agents were determined. The obtained experimental data indicate the efficiency of peat and sawdust samples pre-treatment with H2SO4 (90 wt.%), which is expressed in the highest yield of reducing substances during hydrolysis of the samples, in comparison with the results obtained with H2SO4 pretreatment of a lower concentration. The article shows the results of cellulose-containing raw materials hydrolysis process study with various ways, including enzymatic treatment. Enzyme complex sample of Celloviridine, containing both exo-and endo-enzymes, was used. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cellulose-lignin-containing raw materials hydrolysis products was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the maximum rate of glucose accumulation (the final product of the hydrolytic process of cellulose-lignin raw materials) was observed when using samples of peat and sawdust pretreated with H2SO4 (90wt.%). As a result of cellulosulignin raw material subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, the amount of D-glucose in the hydrolyzate increased with the help of the Celloviridin preparation in comparison with its amount in the H2SO4 pretreatment. A comparative characterization of the raw material efficiency for the yield of the desired product - D-glucose is shown. In the process of combined hydrolysis of cellulose and lignin-containing raw materials the maximum yield of the monosaccharide was observed during the hydrolysis of peat samples. After appropriate neutralization the resulting hydrolysis solution can be used to produce bioethanol and bacterial biomass in the microbial synthesis of products used for animal feed, as well as for pharmaceutical practice.Forcitation:Lakina N.V., Doluda V.Yu., Sulman E.M., Shkileva I.P., Burmatova O.S. Study of method of processing cellulosic and lignin-containing raw materials using cellulolytic enzymes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 1. P. 78-83

scholarly journals Prediksi Kadar Air Bubuk Biji Kakao Menggunakan Nirs Dengan Metode PLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076
Author(s):  
Hasmayani Hasmayani ◽  
Rita Khathir ◽  
Mustafril Mustafril
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Red Ginger

Abstrak. Minyak atsiri jahe merah merupakan salah satu komoditas dari hasil budidaya jahe merah. Jenis minyak ini didapatkan dengan cara penyulingan jahe merah yang berumur sekitar 10 bulan hingga 1 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kajian pengkondisian bahan baku terhadap rendemen dan mutu minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan jahe merah. Pengkondisian bahan baku jahe merah dilakukan dengan 2 taraf yaitu jahe merah segar dan jahe merah yang dikeringanginkan selama 24 jam dengan 2 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen  minyak atsiri dari penyulingan jahe merah segar diperoleh 0,0705%, sedangkan rendemen pada penyulingan jahe merah dikeringanginkan 0,0435%. Hasil Nilai indeks bias minyak atsiri  jahe merah segar diperoleh sebesar 1,4885 sedangkan nilai indeks bias jahe merah dikeringanginkan diperoleh sebesar 1,4885. Nilai  bobot jenis minyak atsiri pada penyulingan jahe merah segar diperoleh sebesar 0,90423 dan bobot jenis minyak atsiri jahe merah yang dikeringanginkan sebesar 0,89679. Kelarutan dalam alkohol minyak atsiri jahe merah segar dan jahe merah dikeringanginkan jernih pada perbandingan 1:5.The study of raw material conditioning to the quality of the red ginger essential oil Abstract. Red ginger essential oil is one commodity from the cultivation of red ginger. These types of oils obtained by distillation of red ginger have old after 10 months to 1 year cultivation. This study aimed to determine the effect of raw materials conditioning to the yield and quality of essential oils produced. The raw materials conditioning  red ginger is done with two levels i.e fresh red ginger and air-dried red ginger about  24 hours under 2 repeated. The results showed that the yield of essential oil obtained by distillation of fresh red gingerwas  0.0705%, while the yield on the distillation of air- dried red was ginger 0.0435%. Refractive index value of red ginger essential oil from fresh  material was 1.4885  while  the refractive index of air-dried red ginger driedwas 1.4885. Furthermore, the specific grafity of  at the distillation of fresh red ginger obtained at 0.90423 and the specific gravity of red ginger essential oil is dried at 0.89679. Solubility in alcohol red ginger essential oil of fresh and dried red gingerwere clearly at a ratio of 1: 5. 

Pengaruh Jenis Co-Solvent terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Biodiesel secara Transesterifikasi In Situ Menggunakan Radiasi Gelombang Mikro

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mahlinda Mahlinda ◽  
Fitriana Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The main purpose of this research was to observer effect co-solvent type (n-Hexane, chloroform and without co-solvent)  toward yield and quality of biodiesel via in situ transesterification process using microwave irradiation. The process was studied at microwave power 450 watt, reaction time 4 minutes, methanol to seed ratio 25:1 and catalyst concentration 5%. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel produced such as viscosity, density and acid value were analysed and compared with the SNI 7182-2012 standard. The experimental result showed the maximum yield biodiesel 78,32% obtained by using co-solvent chloroform.Test result of physicochemical properties (viscosity, density and acid value) of biodiesel products using co solvent n-Hexane, chloroform and without co solvent showed that these products conform to the SNI 7182-2012 standars. The type of co-solvent only affectedon biodiesel yield dan not affected on biodiesel quality (viscosity, density and acid value).  ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis co-solvent (n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent) terhadap rendemen dan mutu biodiesel secara trasesterifikasi in situ menggunakan radiasi gelombang mikro. Proses dilakukan pada daya gelombang mikro 450 watt, waktu reaksi 4 menit, perbandingan berat metanol terhadap bahan baku 25:1 dan jumlah katalis 5%. Parameter fisiko kimia dari produk biodiesel seperti viskositas, densitas dan angka asam di analisa dan dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 7182-2012 tentang biodiesel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen maksimum biodiesel sebesar 78,32% diperoleh dengan menggunakan co-solvent chloroform. Hasil pengujian  karakteristik fisiko kimia (viskositas, densitas dan angka asam) dari produk biodiesel menggunakan co-solvent n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter ini masih memenuhi standar SNI 1782-2012 tentang biodiesel. Jenis co-solvent hanya berpengaruh pada rendemen biodiesel dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu biodiesel (viskositas, densitas dan bilangan asam).Kata kunci: co-solvent, in situ transesterifikasi, microwave, rendemen, mutu   

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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