The Effects of pH Change through Liming on Soil N2O Emissions

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an overwhelming greenhouse gas and agricultural soils, particularly acidic soils, are the main source of its release to the atmosphere. To ameliorate acidic soil condition, liming materials are added as an amendment. However, the impact of liming materials has not been well addressed in terms of exploring the effect of soil pH change on N2O emissions. In the present study, a soil with pH 5.35 was amended with liming materials (CaMg(CO3)2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and CaO) to investigate their effects on N2O emissions. The results indicate that application of liming materials reduced the magnitudes of N2O emissions. The maximum reduction of soil N2O emissions took place for Ca(OH)2 treatment when compared to the other liming materials, and was related to increasing soil pH. Mineral N, dissolved organic C, and microbial biomass C were also influenced by liming materials, but the trend was inconsistent to the soil pH change. The results suggest that N2O emission mitigation is more dependent on soil pH than C and N dynamics when comparing the different liming materials. Moreover, ameliorating soil acidity is a promising option to mitigate N2O emissions from acidic soils.

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Nitrogen Availability in Biochar-Amended Soils with Excessive Compost Application

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10030444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 444 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chen-Chi Tsai ◽

Yu-Fang Chang

Keyword(s):

N Mineralization ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Clay Content ◽

N Availability ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Mineralization Potential ◽

The Impact

Adding biochar to excessive compost amendments may affect compost mineralization rate and nitrogen (N) availability. The objective of this 371-day incubation study was to evaluate the effects of four proportions of woody biochar (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) from lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) biochar produced at 750 °C through dynamic mineral N and N mineralization rates in three rural soils (one Oxisol and two Inceptisols). In each treatment, 5% poultry–livestock manure compost was added to serve as an excessive application. The results indicated that the biochar decreased available total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) (NO3−-N+NH4+-N) by on average 6%, 9% and 19% for 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% treatments, respectively. The soil type strongly influenced the impact of the biochar addition on the soil nitrogen mineralization potential, especially the soil pH and clay content. This study showed that the co-application of biochar and excessive compost benefited the agricultural soils by improving NO3−-N retention in agroecosystems. The application of biochar to these soils to combine it with excessive compost appeared to be an effective method of utilizing these soil amendments, as it diminished the net N mineralization potential and reduced the nitrate loss of the excessive added compost.

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Total C and N storage and organic C pools of a Red-Yellow Podzolic under conventional and no tillage at the Atlantic Forest Zone, south-eastern Brazil

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr02037 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 717 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

L. F. C. Leite ◽

E. S. Mendonça ◽

P. L. O. A. Machado ◽

E. S. Matos

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Soil Management ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

No Tillage ◽

Forest Zone ◽

Organic C ◽

C Stocks ◽

C And N ◽

The Impact

A 15-year experiment in a clayey Red-Yellow Podzolic in the tropical highlands of Viçosa, Brazil, was studied in 2000, aiming to evaluate the impact of different management systems (no tillage, disk plowing, heavy scratcher + disk plowing, and heavy scratched) on the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and several organic carbon pools. A natural forest, adjacent to the experimental area, was used as reference. The greatest TOC and TN as well as microbial biomass C (CMB), light fraction C (CFL), and labile organic carbon (CL) stocks were observed in the Atlantic Forest, compared with all other systems. The long-term cultivation (±70 years) of this area, prior to the installation of the experiment, has led to soil degradation, slowing the C recovery. No tillage had the higher C and N stocks and greater CL pool at the surface (0–10 cm), indicating improvement in soil nutrient status, although none of the systems presented potential to sequester C-CO2. Sustainable tropical agricultural systems should involve high residue input and conservative soil management in order to act as a C-CO2 sink. The C stocks in the CMB, CFL, and CL compartments were more reduced in relation to the natural vegetation with higher intensity management than the TOC stocks. This result indicates that these C compartments are more sensitive to changes in the soil management.

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IMPACT OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS. I. EFFECTS ON MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss88-045 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 463-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

V. V. S. R. GUPTA ◽

J. R. LAWRENCE ◽

J. J. GERMIDA

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Repeated Application ◽

Organic C ◽

The Impact ◽

Sulfur Fertilization

This study investigated the impact of repeated application of S° fertilizer on microbial and biochemical characteristics of two Grey Luvisolic soils. The Waitville pasture plots received Agri-Sul at a rate of 22 or 44 kg S° ha−1 yr−1 for 5 yr, whereas the Loon River canola-summerfallow plots received single or double applications of Flow-able Sulfur (50 kg S° ha−1) or Agri-Sul (100 kg S° ha−1). Application of S° fertilizer significantly decreased the pH in both soils. Organic C declined in S°-treated plots of the Waitville soil, and there was a narrowing of C:N:S ratios in both soils. Application of S° fertilizer significantly increased the total S, HI-S and sulfate sulfur levels of both soils. There was a 29–45% and 2–51% decline in microbial biomass carbon content due to S° fertilizer application in Waitville and Loon River soils, respectively. Repeated application of S° also resulted in a decline in respiration, dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities, along with populations of protozoa, algae and nitrifiers in both soils. Significant correlations observed among related characteristics further emphasized the treatment effects. These results indicate that the impact of repeated application of S° fertilizer on microbial biomass and activity should be considered when recommending S° as a fertilizer for sulfur-deficient soils. Key words: Sulfur (elemental), microbial biomass, dehydrogenase, urea, phosphomonoesterases, arylsulfatase

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KETERSEDIAAN NITROGEN DAN POPULASI BAKERI TANAH DALAM SISTEM TANAM SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION)

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v18i1.936 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Nurul Istiqomah ◽

Tanya Naomi Indarto ◽

Virgus Amien Nugroho ◽

Cahyo Prayogo

Keyword(s):

Soil Bacteria ◽

Population Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Aerobic Condition ◽

Plate Count ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Mineral N ◽

Organic C ◽

The Impact

The obstacles that caused the declining of rice production is due to the reduction of soil fertility status. Various efforts were made to increase the production such as intensification and expansion in rice farming system. SRI cropping systems an alternative technique for improving soil productivity following maintaining water uses under an aerobic condition which exaggerated the raising of microorganisms activities in soil and improving the availability of nutrients particularly nitrogen status.This study was aimed to examine the impact of SRI system on mineral N status along with the population of soil bacteria which involving in nitrogen dynamic. The research was conducted in October 2015-March 2016 in Kepanjen-Malang using Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Soil sampling was conducted at 0 and 100 Day After Planting (DAP) collecting at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Measured soil parameter was including pH, organic-C, mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-). Soil bacteria are identified using plate count method (spread plate) for estimating their population. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Duncan test at 5% level along with correlation and regression analysis.The results showed that the SRI cultivation system can increase the mineral N at the level of 14.09 ppm compared to their initial value, amounting to 57.48 ppm of Nitrate and the bacterial population at the level of 6.25 x 108 cfu g-1. The best treatment was found under the combination of NPK (15-15-15) and biofertilizer yielded at 8.42 t ha-1. Multivariate analysis results indicate that P0 treatment significantly different with treatment P1, P2, and P3. However, the treatment of P1 were not significantly different P3.

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Microbial and enzymatic activity in soil after organic composting

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000300017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 757-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Isabel Cristina Vinhal-Freitas ◽

Dalcimar Regina Batista Wangen ◽

Adão de Siqueira Ferreira ◽

Gilberto Fernandes Corrêa ◽

Beno Wendling

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Energy Use ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Household Waste ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Organic C ◽

Compost Amendment ◽

Total Glucose ◽

The Impact ◽

Organic Compost

Microbial activity and biochemical properties are important indicators of the impact of organic composting on soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate some indicators of soil microbial and biochemical processes after application of compost (household waste). A Typic Acrustox, sampled at a depth of 10 cm under Cerrado biome vegetation, was evaluated in three treatments: control (soil without organic compost amendment) and soil with two doses of domestic organic compost (10 and 20 g kg-1 soil). The following properties were evaluated: released C (C-CO2): microbial respiration 15 days after incubation; microbial biomass C (MBC); total glucose (TG); metabolic quotient (qCO2); and enzyme activity of β-glucosidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase. The application of household compost, at doses of 10 and 20 g kg-1 Typic Acrustox, resulted in significant gains in microbial activity, organic C and C stock, as evidenced by increased MBC and TG levels. On the other hand, qCO2 decreases indicated greater microbial diversity and more efficient energy use. The addition of compost, particularly the 20 g kg-1 dose, strongly influenced the enzyme β-glucosidase and phosphatase (acid and alkaline). The β-glucosidase activity was significantly increased and acid phosphatase activity increased more than the alkaline. The ratio of β-glucosidase to MBC was greater in the control than in the composted treatments which suggests that there were more enzymes in the control than in the substrate or that the addition of compost induced a great MBC increase.

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Nitrous oxide emission from two acidic soils as affected by dolomite application

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr14129 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 841 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Muhammad Shaaban ◽

Qian Peng ◽

Shan Lin ◽

Yupeng Wu ◽

Jinsong Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Rice Paddy ◽

N2o Emission ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Acidic Soils

The effect of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) application on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was examined in a laboratory study with soil from a rice paddy–rapeseed rotation (PR soil, pH 5.25) and from a rice paddy–fallow–flooded rotation soil (PF soil, pH 5.52). The soils were treated with 0, 0.5 (L) and 1.5 (H) g dolomite 100 g–1 soil. Results showed that N2O emissions were higher in control treatments (untreated dolomite) in both soils. Application of dolomite decreased N2O emissions significantly (P ≤ 0.001) as soil pH increased in both soils. The H treatment was more effective than the L treatment for the reduction of N2O emissions. The H treatment decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by up to 73.77% in PR soil and 64.07% in PF soil compared with the control. The application of dolomite also affected concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, ammonium and nitrate in soils, which related to N2O emission. The results suggest that dolomite not only counteracts soil acidification but also has the potential to mitigate N2O emissions in acidic soils.

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Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 770

Author(s):

Cong Wang ◽

Barbara Amon ◽

Karsten Schulz ◽

Bano Mehdi

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Impact Factor ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Impact Factors ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

The Impact

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Emissions of N2O mainly stem from agricultural soils. This review highlights the principal factors from peer-reviewed literature affecting N2O emissions from agricultural soils, by grouping the factors into three categories: environmental, management and measurement. Within these categories, each impact factor is explained in detail and its influence on N2O emissions from the soil is summarized. It is also shown how each impact factor influences other impact factors. Process-based simulation models used for estimating N2O emissions are reviewed regarding their ability to consider the impact factors in simulating N2O. The model strengths and weaknesses in simulating N2O emissions from managed soils are summarized. Finally, three selected process-based simulation models (Daily Century (DAYCENT), DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) are discussed that are widely used to simulate N2O emissions from cropping systems. Their ability to simulate N2O emissions is evaluated by describing the model components that are relevant to N2O processes and their representation in the model.

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A Sustainable Approach for Improving Soil Properties and Reducing N2O Emissions Is Possible through Initial and Repeated Biochar Application

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Ján Horák ◽

Tatijana Kotuš ◽

Lucia Toková ◽

Elena Aydın ◽

Dušan Igaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

N2o Emission ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Application Rates ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

The Impact

Recent findings of changing climate, water scarcity, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions have brought major challenges to sustainable agriculture worldwide. Biochar application to soil proves to be a suitable solution to these problems. Although the literature presents the pros and cons of biochar application, very little information is available on the impact of repeated application. In this study, we evaluate and discuss the effects of initial and reapplied biochar (both in rates of 0, 10, and 20 t ha−1) combined with N fertilization (at doses of 0, 40, and 80 kg ha−1) on soil properties and N2O emission from Haplic Luvisol in the temperate climate zone (Slovakia). Results showed that biochar generally improved the soil properties such as soil pH(KCl) (p ≤ 0.05; from acidic towards moderately acidic), soil organic carbon (p ≤ 0.05; an increase from 4% to over 100%), soil water availability (an increase from 1% to 15%), saturated hydraulic conductivity (an increase from 5% to 95%). The effects were more significant in the following cases: repeated rather than single biochar application, higher rather than lower biochar application rates, and higher rather than lower N fertilization levels. Initial and repeated biochar applications, leading to N2O emissions reduction, can be related to increased soil pH(KCl).

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Plant, soil and faunal responses to a contrived pH gradient

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-021-04879-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Duddigan ◽

Tandra Fraser ◽

Iain Green ◽

Anita Diaz ◽

Tom Sizmur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Chemistry ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Ph Gradient ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Ecological Group ◽

Ph Change ◽

Holistic Understanding ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose To build a more holistic understanding of soil pH change we assessed the synchronised effects of a contrived soil pH change on soil chemistry, vegetation growth and nutrition, and soil faunal abundance and diversity. Methods We established a fifteen year old field experiment with a contrived pH gradient (pH 4.3 to 6.3) and measured the effect on soil chemistry, plant biomass and elemental composition and the impact of these changes on soil fauna (earthworms, nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades) and biological indices (based on ecological group structures of earthworms and nematodes). A single 20 × 20 × 20 cm soil block was excavated from each sample site to directly attribute biotic parameters in the block to the abiotic (soil) conditions. Results Acidification affected the extractable concentrations of Al, Ca, Mn and P and the C:N ratio of the soil and caused a reduction in plant Ca (rs for pH vs Ca = 0.804 p < 0.01), an increase in plant Mn (rs = −0.450 p = 0.019), along with significant decrease in root:shoot ratio (rs = 0.638, p < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between pH and earthworm index (rs = 0.606, p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between pH and nematode index (rs = −0.515, p < 0.01). Conclusion Soil pH influenced the mobility of Ca, Al, Mn and P, which in turn has impacted on plant tissue chemistry and plant biomass ratios. Linked changes in soil chemistry and vegetation had a corresponding effect on the abundance and diversity of nematodes and earthworms in the soil blocks.

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Response of Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Composition to Varying Levels of Bamboo Biochar in Red Soils

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9071385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1385

Author(s):

Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽

Lili Fan ◽

Dejin Xie ◽

Muhammad Tayyab ◽

Jundong Rong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Red Soil ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

The Impact

Soil fungi play a vital role in soil nutrient dynamics, but knowledge of their diversity and community composition in response to biochar addition into red soil is either limited or inconsistent. Therefore, we determined the impact of bamboo biochar (BB) with increasing concentrations (0, 5, 20, and 80 g kg−1 of soil, referred to as B0, BB5, BB20, and BB80, respectively) on soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities (Illumina high-throughput sequencing) in red soil under Fokenia hodginsii (Fujian cypress). We found that increasing BB levels effectively raised the soil pH and soil nutrients, particularly under BB80. BB addition significantly increased the relative abundance of important genera, i.e., Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Chytridiomycota that could play a key role in ecological functioning, e.g., wood degradation and litter decomposition, improvement in plant nutrients uptake, and resistance to several abiotic stress factors. Soil amended with BB exhibited a substantial ability to increase the fungal richness and diversity; BB80 > BB20 > BB5 > B0. Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Rozellomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Kickxellomycota, and Planctomycetes were positively associated with soil pH, total nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon, and available potassium and phosphorous. Besides, the correlation analysis between the soil fungal communities and soil properties also showed that soil pH was the most influential factor in shaping the soil fungal communities in the red soil. These findings have significant implications for a comprehensive understanding of how to ameliorate acidic soils with BB addition, as well as for future research on sustainable forest management, which might increase soil fungi richness, diversity, and functionality in acidic soils.

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