scholarly journals Supercritical Antisolvent Process for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Franco ◽  
Iolanda De Marco
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Supercritical Antisolvent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Polymeric Carriers ◽  
Biomedical Field

The supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique has been widely employed in the biomedical field, including drug delivery, to obtain drug particles or polymer-based systems of nanometric or micrometric size. The primary purpose of producing SAS particles is to improve the treatment of different pathologies and to better the patient’s compliance. In this context, many active compounds have been micronized to enhance their dissolution rate and bioavailability. Aiming for more effective treatments with reduced side effects caused by drug overdose, the SAS polymer/active principle coprecipitation has mainly been proposed to offer an adequate drug release for specific therapy. The demand for new formulations with reduced side effects on the patient’s health is still growing; in this context, the SAS technique is a promising tool to solve existing issues in the biomedical field. This updated review on the use of the SAS process for clinical applications provides useful information about the achievements, the most effective polymeric carriers, and parameters, as well as future perspectives.

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

Recent Advances in Computational Methods for Identifying Anticancer Peptides

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengmian Feng ◽  
Zhenyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Anticancer Peptide ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Computational Identification ◽  
Reliable Methods

Anticancer peptide (ACP) is a kind of small peptides that can kill cancer cells without damaging normal cells. In recent years, ACP has been pre-clinically used for cancer treatment. Therefore, accurate identification of ACPs will promote their clinical applications. In contrast to labor-intensive experimental techniques, a series of computational methods have been proposed for identifying ACPs. In this review, we briefly summarized the current progress in computational identification of ACPs. The challenges and future perspectives in developing reliable methods for identification of ACPs were also discussed. We anticipate that this review could provide novel insights into future researches on anticancer peptides.

scholarly journals Implantable Polymeric Drug Delivery Devices: Classification, Manufacture, Materials, and Clinical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stewart ◽  
Juan Domínguez-Robles ◽  
Ryan Donnelly ◽  
Eneko Larrañeta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices

The oral route is a popular and convenient means of drug delivery. However, despite its advantages, it also has challenges. Many drugs are not suitable for oral delivery due to: first pass metabolism; less than ideal properties; and side-effects of treatment. Additionally, oral delivery relies heavily on patient compliance. Implantable drug delivery devices are an alternative system that can achieve effective delivery with lower drug concentrations, and as a result, minimise side-effects whilst increasing patient compliance. This article gives an overview of classification of these drug delivery devices; the mechanism of drug release; the materials used for manufacture; the various methods of manufacture; and examples of clinical applications of implantable drug delivery devices.

Ankle Blockade

2010 ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Adam K. Jacob ◽  
James R. Hebl
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Patient Position ◽  
Ankle Surgery

Ankle blockade is a safe, efficacious, and well-tolerated anesthetic for foot and ankle surgery The following aspects of the procedure are reviewed: clinical applications, relevant anatomy, patient position, technique (including neural localization techniques, needle insertion site, and needle redirection cues), and side effects and complications.

Sciatic Nerve Blockade

2010 ◽  
pp. 405-422
Author(s):  
Adam K. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Nerve Blockade ◽  
Patient Position ◽  
Ankle And Foot

Sciatic nerve blockade is performed to achieve anesthesia and analgesia of the distal lower extremity, including the anterior and posterolateral leg, ankle, and foot. The following aspects of the procedure are reviewed: clinical applications, relevant anatomy, patient position, technique (including neural localization techniques, needle insertion site, and needle redirection cues), and side effects and complications. Use of ultrasound guidance is also discussed.

Wrist Blockade

2010 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
David E. Byer
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Patient Position

Wrist blockade anesthetizes the median, ulnar, and radial nerves at the level of the wrist. The following aspects of the procedure are reviewed: clinical applications, relevant anatomy, patient position, technique (including neural localization techniques, needle insertion site, and needle redirection cues), and side effects and complications.

Intersternocleidomastoid Blockade

2010 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Michelle A. O. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Patient Position

The intersternocleidomastoid block is indicated for procedures of the shoulder, upper arm, and forearm. The following aspects of the procedure are reviewed: clinical applications, relevant anatomy, patient position, technique (including neural localization techniques, needle insertion site, and needle redirection cues), and side effects and complications.

scholarly journals Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ah Kwak ◽  
Hyun-Jae Cho ◽  
Jin-Young Yang ◽  
Young-Seok Park
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Different Origins

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.

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