scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Low Environmental Impact Pyro-Gasification System for the Energetic Valorization of Waste through a Biomass Steam Power Plant

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gimelli ◽  
Massimiliano Muccillo ◽  
Raniero Sannino ◽  
Giacobbe Braccio ◽  
Vincenzo Capone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Thermochemical Model

This paper addresses the study of a pyro-gasification plant designed, built, and operated to recover inert metals from different types of solid waste. Experimental tests were carried out using pulper as the solid waste. However, while a reliable composition analysis of the produced syngas was carried out, a precise composition evaluation of the pulper used during the experimental activities was not performed and the related data were characterized by unacceptable uncertainty. Therefore, with the aim of reliably characterizing the plant operation, a thermochemical model of the gasification process was setup to simulate the equilibrium operation of the plant and a vector optimization methodology was used to calibrate the numerical model. Then, a decision-making problem was solved to identify the most suitable optimal solution between those belonging to the Pareto optimal front, thus obtaining reliable composition data for the adopted pulper waste. In particular, four different identification criteria were applied for the selection of small subset of solutions over the 3138 dominant solutions found. Among them, the solution (i.e., set of calibration parameters) that minimizes the experimental-numerical difference between the lower heating value of the produced syngas seemed to provide the most reliable approximation of the real plant operation. Finally, a possible plant configuration is proposed for the energetic valorization of the pulper waste and its overall conversion process efficiency is estimated.

Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Using Plasma Gasification with the Potential Production of Synthesis Gas (Syngas)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Angela Hartati ◽  
Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽  
Arbi Dimyati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Plasma Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Waste Separation ◽  
Gasification Efficiency ◽  
Arc Plasma Torch

This research was conducted for the purpose to overcome Indonesia waste problem. The samples are classified into garden waste, paper waste, wood, food waste, and MSW with objective to identify which type of waste give out more syngas since there is waste separation in Indonesia. All samples were treated by plasma gasification without pre-treatment (drying). Arc plasma torch used in this experiment was made by National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) and used Argon as the gas source. Then the torch was connected to self-designed gasification chamber and gas washing system before injected into a gas bas for composition analysis. Another objective is to identify factors that may affect the gasification efficiency and the experiment shows that moisture content is not really affecting the efficiency but the duration of the process. The mass reduction of each samples were recorded, then the gas produced from the gasification process were analyzed. The result shows that food has the highest mass percentage reduced and producing the highest amount of hydrogen amongst other samples. However, treating MSW also produce considerably high amount of hydrogen. In conclusion, MSW direct treatment (without separation) using plasma gasification is feasible since it still produces desirable quality of syngas.

Experimental Studies Concerning the Semipermeable Membrane Separation Efficiency for 134Cs, 137Cs, 57Co, 58Co, 60Co, 54Mn in Liquid Radioactive Waste I. Treatment of secondary waste from POD decontamination procedure

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Dulama ◽  
Nicoleta Deneanu ◽  
Cristian Dulama ◽  
Margarit Pavelescu
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

The paper presents the experimental tests concerning the treatment by membrane techniques of radioactive aqueous waste. Solutions, which have been treated by using the bench-scale installation, were radioactive simulated secondary wastes from the decontamination process with modified POD. Generally, an increasing of the retention is observed for most of the contaminants in the reverse osmosis experiments with pre-treatment steps. The main reason for taking a chemical treatment approach was to selectively remove soluble contaminants from the waste. In the optimization part of the precipitation step, several precipitation processes were compared. Based on this comparison, mixed [Fe(CN)6]4-/Al3+/Fe2+ was selected as a precipitation process applicable for precipitation of radionuclides and flocculation of suspended solid. Increased efficiencies for cesium radionuclides removal were obtained in natural zeolite adsorption pre-treatment stages and this was due to the fact that volcanic tuff used has a special affinity for this element. Usually, the addition of powdered active charcoal serves as an advanced purifying method used to remove organic compounds and residual radionuclides; thus by analyzing the experimental data (for POD wastes) one can observe a decreasing of about 50% for cobalt isotopes subsequently to the active charcoal adsorption.. The semipermeable membranes were used, which were prepared by the researchers from the Research Center for Macromolecular Materials and Membranes, Bucharest. The process efficiency was monitored by gamma spectrometry.

scholarly journals Development of an Ex-Ante Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Municipal Solid Waste Management Innovations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Stephanie Maier ◽  
Rafael Horn ◽  
Robert Holländer ◽  
Ralf Aschemann
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Negative Impacts

Various municipal solid waste management (MSWM) innovations have emerged in developing countries in face of the challenges posed by increasing waste generation and poor MSWM practice. We present a methodology to assess the potential sustainability impact of MSWM innovations in a holistic manner. The Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis (LCSA) framework and the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) facilitated the methodology development. The result of applying the methodology to the case of waste bank (WB) in Bandung City shows that WB potentially generates the greatest sustainability impact in the resource recovery phase and the smallest impact in the collection and final disposal phase. All negative impacts could arise in the economic dimension. Surprisingly, WB as a national strategy to achieve 3Rs would not effectively solve Bandung City’s landfill problem. Almost all SDGs would benefit from the WB program under the assumed conditions. This methodology will facilitate the decision-making in MSWM by (1) comparing available innovations to find the optimal solution, (2) identifying the hot spots and taking measures to combat the negative impacts, (3) providing the basis for monitoring the implementation process and the ex-post performance assessment.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of a fixed bed gasification process for thermal treatment of municipal solid waste and agricultural residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 256-269
Author(s):  
Matheus Oliveira ◽  
Ana Ramos ◽  
Eliseu Monteiro ◽  
Abel Rouboa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Gasification Process

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PROPERTIES AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN ORDER TO PROPOSAL OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECT IN BINH DUONG PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Phung Chi Vy
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Inorganic Components

Domestic solid wastes are classified into 10 samples of 04 groups with different sizes: 2 samples with sizes under and over 120 mm (M1-1, M1-2); 2 samples with sizes under and over 80 mm (M2-1, M2-2); 2 samples with sizes under and over 40 mm (M3-1, M3-2); 4 samples with sizes under 40 mm, 40 to 80 mm, 80 to 120 mm and over 120 mm (M4-1, M4-2, M4-3, M4-4). Results of sorting 10 solid waste samples into food, cloth, wood, plastic, paper, rubber/leather, metal, glass, other organic and inorganic components shown that recycled combustible, non-recycled combustible portions are ranged from 15,46 to 93,90 %, from 5,34 to 80,17 %, respectively. The density of 10 compressed garbage samples is ranged from 525,9 to 2016,7 kg/m3; moisture contents are ranged from 18.03 to 20.92 %. Ash content is ranged from 1.12 to 9.49 % dry weight; Calorific value is ranged from 3164,9 to 5757,0 kcal/kg of garbage. The volume of leached water from 10 kg wet garbage pressed by 250 kg load in 2 days is 300 ml (equivalent to 327,1 g). Results of elemental composition analysis shown that the contents of C, H, N, Cl, S are ranged from 35,00 to 51,96, from 6,01 to 6,23, from 0,41 to 0,88, from 0,44 to 0,56, from 0,14 to 0,84 %, respectively. On this basis, the author have proposed a waste-to-energy plant with capacity of 250 tons of waste/day to generate the electricity with capacity of 17,0 MW/day.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS OF CaO ASSISTED PATTUKKU CHARCOAL STEAM GASIFICATION

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Takdir Syarif ◽  
H Sulistyo ◽  
Wahyudi B Sediawan ◽  
B Budhijanto
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Surface Diffusivity ◽  
Gasification Process

Abstract Coal is a solid fuel that can be converted into syngas through gasification process. To obtain optimum gasification process design and operation, in-depth understanding of the influential parameters is required. This study aims to investigate the effect of temperature on the gasification process and to obtain its kinetics parameters. The study was carried out in a tubular reactor equipped with a heater and a condenser. Steam was used as gasifying agent, while CaO was employed as a CO2 adsorbent. The charcoal from coal was subjected to gasification at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. The ratio of charcoal and CaO was 1:1. The gasification process lasted for 60 minutes with gas sample was taken every 15 minutes for composition analysis. The results showed that a temperature increase of 100°C caused a proportional increase of conversion of about 75% higher. The value of activation energy (Ea) and exponential factor (ko) were 46.645kJ/mole and 328.3894/min, respectively. For mass transfer parameters, values of activation energy for surface diffusion (Es) and surface diffusivity factor (as) were 81.126 kJ/mole and 0.138/min, respectively. Keywords: gasification; mathematical model; Pattukku coal char; steam; Thin Reaction Zone Model

Ultimate composition analysis of municipal solid waste in Muscat

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahad Baawain ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽  
Hamid Omidvarborna ◽  
Wala Al-Amri
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Composition Analysis

A MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT FOR THE TECHNOLOGY EXTENT AND PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN BIM ENABLED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Basak Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Building Information

Technology use in all fields can play an important role as the booster in creating lean and efficient processes. Technology use may result in reduced duplications and delays in workflows while helping to speed up task realization. Building Information Modeling (BIM) enhances knowledge share, use and reuse for better collaboration, communication, coordination, and monitoring as a knowledge base platform. BIM enhanced construction projects may positively affect the process efficiency. The aim of this paper is to define a measurement instrument of BIM usage as technology enhancer tool and of process efficiency of construction projects. Research leans on the prominent literature to concrete the measurement instrument. A survey is established to construction project professionals to understand the technology efficiency and process efficiency in BIM enabled construction projects. The research based on the related data collected from 92 professionals experienced both in traditional project delivery methods and BIM enabled construction projects. The respondents are the construction industry experts comprised of construction project managers, BIM managers, and BIM implementation experts (architects, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers etc.). Data is analyzed and tested with structural equation modeling software to verify the proposed measurement instrument. The technology efficiency and process efficiency factors for BIM enabled construction projects are tested and refined. Research findings present the measurement instrument for both technology and process efficiency in BIM enabled construction projects.

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