scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate as Functional Filler in Polyamide 12-Manipulation of the Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Fabio Ippolito ◽  
Gunter Hübner ◽  
Tim Claypole ◽  
Patrick Gane
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Polymeric Compound ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
Twin Screw

Adjusting the thermal response properties of a polymeric compound can significantly improve the usability in a selective laser-sintering process. As previously shown, combining a precise amount of coarse and narrow size distribution fine calcium carbonate fillers results in a potential optimization of the thermal properties of a polyamide 12 matrix. Additionally, up to 60% of the normally associated lost ductility can be re-gained by surface modification, thus functionalizing the filler. To optimize the functionality further this study combines a precisely defined particle size ratio of fillers adopting a specially selected surface modification using amino hexanoic acid. Morphology of the carbonate filler was also investigated. The range of effect of each parameter on the thermal response and mechanical properties was studied. The results show that the thermal properties have large potential to be optimized, without reducing the ductility significantly, by adjusting the morphology and size ratio of coarse and fine filler particles. The compound properties were demonstrated using a twin-screw extruder, indicating the potential for producing a preparate composite for additive manufacturing.

scholarly journals Influence of the Surface Modification of Calcium Carbonate on Polyamide 12 Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Fabio Ippolito ◽  
Gunter Hübner ◽  
Tim Claypole ◽  
Patrick Gane
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Surface Modified

In previous investigations, it was found that the thermal properties of a polyamide 12 compound can be manipulated, using a designed filler, to improve the melting as well as crystallization behavior, determined for selective laser sintering. A common downside of the introduction of a non-flexing mineral filler is the reduction of the mechanical properties, such as ductility. This paper investigates the influence of content and surface modification of limestone on the mechanical properties. The aim is to understand the effect of an optimized coupling agent on the properties of a compound, containing polyamide 12 filled with 10 wt % of surface modified calcium carbonate. A range of four mineral filler modifications was chosen to investigate their coupling effect, namely 6-amino hexanoic acid, ε-caprolactam, l-arginine or glutamic acid. The in advance surface modified fillers were then each used in combination with the polyamide 12 in a twin-screw extrusion process. With an optimized surface modifying agent, the tensile strength as well as elongation at break can be improved in comparison with uncoated filler implementation, such that up to 60% of the loss of ductility and toughness of a final part when using an untreated filler could be regained using an optimized surface modifier at a correct amount. With the tested filler grade and the specific tested filler amount, the optimized amount of 6-amino hexanoic acid was approx. 2.5 mmol of treatment agent per 100 m2 of CaCO3. These found improvements in a twin-screw extruded polyamide 12 compound show the possible usage of modified calcium carbonate as a functional filler in additive manufacturing and can potentially be transferred in a subsequent investigation in the selective laser sintering process.

Effect of Nano-Calcium Carbonate on the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Chun Feng Sun ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Polymer Physics ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Injection Molding Machine ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Physics Experiment

The task of the polymer physics experiment course is using a certain percentage of nanocalcium carbonate (CaCO3) to composite polypropylene (PP) and using a twin-screw injection molding machine to inject the compound above into a standard sample. After that some mechanical properties test were made to get some nanocalcium carbonate data which may affect the mechanical properties of polypropylene.

Recycling of PA-12 in Additive Manufacturing and the Improvement of its Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piret Mägi ◽  
Andres Krumme ◽  
Meelis Pohlak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Micro Injection Moulding ◽  
Moulding Machine

This study explores possible ways to make Additive Manufacturing (AM) a cradle-to-cradle process, that is, use the leftover from one process as the raw material for another process. The main goal of this study is to develop a set of new polymeric blends with innovative properties, suitable for using in 3-D printing of prosthetic limbs using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. Sustainable acting is achieved by reusing polymeric material left over from Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) processes for making raw material for FDM processes. Test specimens of polyamide 12 (PA-12) in its virgin form and used- , un-sintered form alongside specimens of used PA blended with TPU, aramid, or graphite, were produced in a micro-injection moulding machine and then tested for their mechanical properties. This paper provides information about the differences in mechanical characteristics of these different material blends. An unexpected but positive finding was that the differences between virgin and recycled PA-12 are insignificant. The aforementioned additives influenced PA-12 by producing specimens that responded with predictable characteristics which is a significant accomplishment as it lays the groundwork for the next stages of the project.

A Round Robin study for Selective Laser Sintering of polyamide 12: Microstructural origin of the mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stichel ◽  
Thomas Frick ◽  
Tobias Laumer ◽  
Felix Tenner ◽  
Tino Hausotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Polyamide 12

Structures and Properties of Isotactic-Polypropylene/Synthesized Micro Cellulose Tray: Effects of Micro Cellulose Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
Pongpat Sukhavattanakul ◽  
Lerpong Jarupan ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Twin Screw

Cellulose was derived from cotton fabric waste. Composites of microcellulose fibers (MC) and isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) was prepared by melting and mixing, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) was used as compatibilizer. The MC was blended in different ratios up to 20 phr with i-PP using corotating twin-screw compounder and then a forming of trays was done by injection molding. Effects of MC on mechanical properties of i-PP were investigated. Changes in mechanical and morphological properties with different MC loading were discussed. The composite of i-PP/MA-g-PP/MC rendered better results in comparison with the i-PP/MC composite. The compressive strength and modulus of i-PP/MC composites increased with the addition of 20 phr MC. The i-PP/MA-g-PP/MC-20phr composites showed higher compressive strength and modulus than the i-PP/MC-20 phr without MA-g-PP due to increased interfacial interaction between MC and i-PP matrix. Thermal properties of i-PP/MC composites with and without MA-g-PP were not significantly different from pure i-PP. In conclusion, MC derived from cotton fabric waste could be used as a reinforcing agent for manufacturing thermoplastic.

Effects of Fiber Surface Treatment on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Coir-MCC/Polylactic Acid Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanawat Tayommai ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Coir Fibers ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Fiber Surface Treatment

Biodegradable plastic reinforced natural fiber composites are finding applications in many fields ranging from construction industry to food industry. The use of natural bio based fillers as reinforcements in composites has several advantages over inorganic fillers including lower density, renewability, and biodegradability. In this research, polylactic acid (PLA)/ microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites were investigated as a means to reduce the material cost and enhance the material properties. The coir fibers were used to prepare microcrystalline. Subsequently, the prepared MCC was treated with 3-amiopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) to improve interfacial adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix. Treated and untreated MCC were then mixed at 0-10 wt.% with PLA by twin-screw extruder and fabricated into test specimens by compression molding. The effects of MCC loading and surface treatment on morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of PLA/MCC composites were investigated. The results showed that the PLA with 5 wt.% of MCC exhibited the best mechanical properties compared with all prepared composites. Thermal stability of PLA composites were decreased with increasing MCC content but it can be improved by treated the MCC with APS.

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