scholarly journals Demineralization of Miscanthus Biocrude Obtained from Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Conditioning through Acid Washing

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Haider ◽  
Mehmed Akif Isik ◽  
Daniele Castello ◽  
Thomas Helmer Pedersen ◽  
Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inorganic Content ◽  
Ft Ir

In this contribution, we successfully applied demineralization (i.e., solvent-assisted separation and acid washing) for the removal of carbonaceous solids and inorganics from a biocrude obtained from the catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Miscanthus. The experimental results of all six employed acids showed that 0.1 M H2SO4 was the most effective and significantly reduced metallic (Fe by 93.9%, <15 µg/g and Mg by 95.6%, 2.1 µg/g) and ash content (by 92.7% to 337 µg/g) from the already filtered biocrude. The utilized demineralizing agents caused a loss of nitrogen and of organic carbon (1% total organic carbon (TOC) and 0.058% total nitrogen (TN) in 0.1 M H2SO4). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results clarified the nature of this loss, showing that 54% of ketones and 39% of alcohols were removed when 0.1 M H2SO4 was employed. Furthermore, FT-IR spectra remained the same before and after acid washing without affecting any functional groups. This work therefore proposes demineralization as a viable route for the removal of high inorganic content from lignocellulosic HTL biocrudes.

CHARACTERISATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) LEACHED FROM LEAVES IN WATER

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heryanto Langsa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Radiate

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa organik khususnya organic karbon terlarut (DOC) dari dua spesies daun tumbuhan (<em>wandoo eucalyptus </em>and <em>pinus radiate, conifer</em>) yang larut dalam air selama periode 5 bulan leaching eksperimen. Kecepatan melarutnya senyawa organic ditentukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan kombinasi dari beberapa teknik diantaranya Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyser, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spektrokopi dan pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).</p><p>Hasil analisis DOC dan UV menunjukkan peningkatan yang tajam dari kelarutan senyawa organic di awal periode pengamatan yang selanjutnya berkurang seiring dengan waktu secara eksponensial. Jumlah relatif senyawa organic yang terlarut tergantung pada luas permukaan, aktifitas mikrobiologi dan jenis sampel tumbuhan (segar atau kering) yang digunakan. Fluktuasi profil DOC dan UV<sub>254</sub> disebabkan oleh aktifitas mikrobiologi. Diperoleh bahwa daun kering lebih mudah terdegradasi menghasilkan senyawa organic dalam air dibandingkan dengan daun segar. Hasil pyrolysis secara umum menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hidrokarbon aromatic dan fenol (dan turunannya) lebih banyak ditemukan pada residue sampel setelah proses leaching kemungkinan karena adanya senyawa lignin atau aktifitas humifikasi mikrobiologi membuktikan bahwa senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan komponen penting dalam proses karakterisasi DOC.</p>

scholarly journals Qualitative characterization of solid residue from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass using thermochemolysis and stepwise pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 2110-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
René B. Madsen ◽  
Mads M. Jensen ◽  
Marianne Glasius
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass produces solid residue (char) as an unwanted byproduct, which was characterized using advanced techniques in order to understand its composition and formation reactions.

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wheat Straws for Bio-Oil and Related Analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2419-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Liu ◽  
Yan Xing Liu ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Jian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Optimal Reaction

The liquefaction of wheat straws in sub-critical water to obtain bio-oil was investigated in this paper. We observed that the reaction temperature (300-374 °C) and reaction time (1-15 min) played important roles in the yield of bio-oil and found the optimal reaction conditions (340 °C, 5 min). The bio-oil was analyzed by elemental analysis, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the heating value of bio-oil product was 32-38 MJ/kg, higher than that of the bio-oil obtained from microalgae, and the product was composed of ketones, phenol and its derivatives, aromatics and small amount of aldehydes and ethers.

scholarly journals Changes in the Composition of AromatherapeuticCitrusOils during Evaporation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
George W. Francis ◽  
Yen Thuy Hoang Bui
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Partial Evaporation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lemon Oil ◽  
Total Oil

The composition of some commercialCitrusoils, lemon, sweet orange, and tangerine, designated for aromatherapy, was examined before and after partial evaporation in a stream of nitrogen. The intact oils contained the expected mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpenes, with hydrocarbons dominating and lesser amounts of oxygenated analogues making up the remainder. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to follow alterations in the relative amounts of the various components present as evaporation proceeded. Changes were marked, and in particular more volatile components present in the intact oils rapidly disappeared. Thus the balance of content was shifted away from monoterpene hydrocarbons towards the analogous alcohols and carbonyl compounds. The results of this differential evaporation are discussed and possible consequences for aromatherapy use are noted. The case of lemon oil was especially interesting as the relative amount of citral, a known sensitizer, remaining as time elapsed represented an increasing percentage of the total oil.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Dark Beer Before and After Freeze Drying Rehydration Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Ingmārs Cinkmanis ◽  
Guntis Gailums ◽  
Sanita Vucāne
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare dark beer before and after a freeze drying rehydration cycle. The pH, colour, and concentrations of extract, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were determined. Dark beer before and after freeze drying was analysed using standard brewing analysis methods of the Mitteleuropäische Brautechnische Analysenkommision (MEBAK) and two types of chromatography: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Increase of pH was not observed in dark beer after freeze drying. Dissolved powdered beer in deionised water was clear, dark brown, without sediments, and reproduced the original commercially available dark beer, with original extract substance content 8.88%. Concentrations of the following organic acids were determined: oxalic, tartaric, quinic, malic, ascorbic, lactic, acetic, citric, fumaric, and succinic. Volatile compounds by GC/MS analysis were isolated from dark beer before and after freeze drying.

scholarly journals GEOKIMIA BATUAN INDUK HIDROKARBON FORMASI CINAMBO DI DAERAH SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Praptisih Praptisih
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Index ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rock Eval

Penelitian geokimia batulempung telah dilakukan pada Formasi Cinambo di wilayah Kabupaten Sumedang, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakter batuan induk dan biomarker ekstrak batuan serta hubungannya dengan rembesan minyak di daerah Majalengka. Metode yang dilakukan adalah penelitian lapangan dan analisis laboratorium yang meliputi analisis Total Organic Carbon (TOC), pirolisis Rock Eval dan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Penelitian lapangan meliputi pengamatan litostratigrafi Formasi Cinambo pada Sungai Cinambo dan Cisaar serta pengambilan  percontoh untuk analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis dari 16 percontoh batulempung Formasi Cinambo menunjukkan nilai TOC 0,32-1,47% yang berpotensi rendah hingga baik untuk membentuk hidrokarbon. Material organik di daerah penelitian termasuk dalam kerogen tipe III, berdasarkan diagram TOC vs Hydrogen Index (HI). Tingkat kematangan 4 percontoh mengindikasikan kondisi belum matang (immature), 6 percontoh termasuk matang dan 6 percontoh lainnya tidak terdeteksi. Berdasarkan nilai HI, yaitu 2-90, dapat menghasilkan gas dengan kuantitas kecil. Hasil biomarker ekstrak batuan Formasi Cinambo menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi positif dengan rembesan minyak di daerah Majalengka.

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