scholarly journals The Effect of Interval Training Sets of Maximal Intensity on Metabolic Markers in Master Swimmers

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Athanasios Kabasakalis ◽  
Stefanos Nikolaidis ◽  
George Tsalis ◽  
Vassilis Mougios
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
Gender Interaction ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Training Sets

Aim: Regular swimming training is gaining popularity among adults for health and competition. The acute effects of high-intensity interval swimming are largely unknown in such populations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of swimming training sets of maximal intensity and different volumes on blood metabolic markers in master swimmers. Material & Method: Twenty-one master swimmers (11 females and 10 males), aged 40.5 (7.4) years, completed two freestyle swimming sets of 4 × 50 m and 4 × 25 m at maximal intensity and a work-to-rest ratio of 1:1 on different days, in random and counterbalanced order. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and one hour after exercise for determination of glucose and uric acid (at all three time-points, spectrophotometrically), as well as irisin, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol (pre- and immediately post-exercise, through enzyme immunoassays), in plasma. Data were analyzed through three-way analysis of variance (set × time × gender). Statistical significance was declared when p < 0.05. Results: Glucose was higher immediately post-exercise compared to pre- and 1 h post-exercise (p < 0.001). Uric acid increased 1 h post-exercise (p < 0.001) and exhibited a time × gender interaction (p = 0.029) due to a larger increase in males. Irisin showed a time × gender interaction (p = 0.028), as exercise caused an increase in females and a decrease in males. Insulin increased with exercise (p < 0.001) and was higher in females (p = 0.016). Set × time interactions found in glucose, uric acid, and insulin denoted larger increases with the 4 × 50 set (p < 0.05). Glucagon increased with exercise (p = 0.014). Cortisol increased with exercise in males and more with the 4 × 50 set, as set × time and time × gender interactions and a main effect of time were found (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Interval swimming training sets of maximal intensity induced increases in plasma glucose, uric acid, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol in master swimmers. The larger set volume induced larger increases, which may have implications for the magnitude of the desired adaptations to training.

scholarly journals The Effect of Maximal Interval Training Sets on Metabolic Markers in Adolescent Competitive Swimmers

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Athanasios Kabasakalis ◽  
Stefanos Nikolaidis ◽  
George Tsalis ◽  
Vassilis Mougios
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Maximal Interval ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Training Sets

AIM: Although high-intensity interval sets are routinely used in the training regimen of competitive swimmers, information about the acute metabolic effects of such sets is lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of swimming training sets of maximal intensity and different volumes on blood metabolic markers in adolescent swimmers. MATERIAL & METHOD: Twenty-four adolescent competitive swimmers (12 female and 12 male) completed two training sets of 8 × 50 m and 8 × 25 m. Both sets were performed in freestyle, at maximal intensity and at a work-to-rest ratio of 1:1. They were spaced one week apart and were performed in a random and counterbalanced order. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and one hour after both sets for the determination of glucose and uric acid (at all three time-points, spectrophotometrically), as well as irisin, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol (in pre- and immediately post-exercise samples, through enzyme immunoassays), in plasma. Three-way analysis of variance (set × time × gender) was used for the statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. RESULTS: Glucose was higher immediately post-exercise compared to pre- and 1 h post-exercise (p = 0.001). Uric acid was higher immediately and 1 h post-exercise (p < 0.001). Irisin exhibited a time × gender interaction (p = 0.005) due to the fact that exercise caused an increase in females and a decrease in males. Insulin, glucagon, and cortisol increased with exercise (p < 0.001). No gender effect was found for any of the markers except for uric acid, of which males had higher concentrations than females (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Maximal interval swimming sets induced remarkable increases in plasma glucose, uric acid, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol, suggesting a satisfactory metabolic effectiveness of such types of exercise training. Despite the difference in volume, the two training sets did not induce different metabolic responses in adolescent competitive swimmers. This is also true of blood lactate response, which has been presented previously.

scholarly journals Post-Exercise Appetite and Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Response to High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate- or Vigorous-Intensity Continuous Training among Physically Inactive Middle-Aged Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Poon ◽  
Feng-Hua Sun ◽  
Anthony Chung ◽  
Stephen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Physically Inactive

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered a time-efficient exercise strategy for weight management. However, data regarding the acute appetite and energy intake responses to HIIT versus continuous training remain inconclusive. This study investigated the ad libitum energy intake and appetite responses to a single session of HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and vigorous-intensity continuous training (VICT). Using a randomized crossover design, 11 middle-aged physically inactive men (45.7 ± 7.4 years, 23.5 ± 2.1 kg m−2) participated in three treadmill trials at 7-day intervals. HIIT comprised 10 1-min periods at 100% VO2max interspersed with 1-min periods of active recovery. MICT comprised a 40-min session at 65% VO2max, while VICT comprised a 20-min session at 80% VO2max. After each trial, the participants consumed an ad libitum buffet meal for which the energy intake was recorded. The participants’ perceived appetite was assessed before and after exercise sessions using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). No significant differences in post-exercise ad libitum energy intake were observed between trials (HIIT: 645 ± 262.9 kcal; MICT: 614.7 ± 271.2 kcal; VICT: 623.1 ± 249.0 kcal, p > 0.05). Although the perceived appetite responses exhibited a significant main effect of time (p < 0.01), no group differences were observed (p > 0.05). In summary, these findings suggest that the interval or continuous nature of exercise has no significant effect on appetite responses in physically inactive middle-aged adults, at least during the short-term post-exercise period.

scholarly journals Post-exercise cold water immersion does not alter high intensity interval training-induced exercise performance and Hsp72 responses, but enhances mitochondrial markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fernandes Aguiar ◽  
Sílvia Mourão Magalhães ◽  
Ivana Alice Teixeira Fonseca ◽  
Vanessa Batista da Costa Santos ◽  
Mariana Aguiar de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
High Intensity Interval

scholarly journals Analýza efektu vysoce intenzivního intervalového tréninku (HIIT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Roman Kolínský ◽  
Jan Cacek ◽  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Jiří Zháněl
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Individual

The HIIT – High Intensity Interval Training has become an increasingly used term in foreign publications and this method is frequently implemented in training processes of many athletes. However not every athlete or trainer is aware of the physiological changes which are caused by this form of training. In order to improve the training process it is important to compare the effectiveness of HIIT with the continual training method or other forms of the interval training. The aim of this publication is to analyze and describe the effect of various forms of HIIT according to the set markers: primarily VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) – interval training effectiveness marker, secondarily lipid utilization, and last but not least hormonal and enzymatic level changes. Another objective of this publication is the clarification and explanation of energy coverage, metabolism and cardio-respiratory function during the application of HIIT method. Within the research plan we focused exclusively on the foreign studies (n = 150) conducted in years 1978–2015 from which we chose 70 studies from databases such as SportDiscus, Web of Science, ACSM Journal, PubMed. The selection was based on the preselected criteria – length of the research, nature of the research group and intervention frequency etc. For the purpose to extend the theoretical bases of the problematics of energy coverage, metabolism and cardio-respiratory function were analyzed several chosen studies from last 10–15 years. The analysis of the individual markers was conducted based on the publications from the last decade. The research has shown that the HIIT has a significant effect on the increase of VO2 max. Further findings also showed that the subject is able to adapt to this type of training in just two weeks which enables the duration of training process to shorten. This type of training also leads simultaneously with EPOC effect (post-exercise oxygen consumption) to higher energy consumption in tens of hours. The presented results can be used in Sports practice to overcome the performance stagnation and lead to performance improvement as a result of the HIIT method implementation. Certain studies show that the HIIT method is also successfully applicable to the overweight individuals, patients with Diabetes mellitus and people with sedentary lifestyle. However, it is always necessary to ensure the individual approach and to avoid the risk of overtraining.

scholarly journals Impact of High Intensity Interval Training Using Elastic Bands on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6988
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martín-San Agustín ◽  
Alejandro José Laguna Sanz ◽  
Jorge Bondia ◽  
Enrique Roche ◽  
Josep C. Benítez Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Elastic Bands ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High intensity interval training (HIIT) using elastic bands is easy to do, but no data on its impact on glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are available. Six males with T1D performed three weekly sessions of HIIT using elastic bands for 12 weeks. Each session consisted of eight exercises. Glycemic control was evaluated by using intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring two weeks before study onset (baseline) and during the intervention period in the first two (first stage) and last two weeks (last stage). In the 24 h post-exercise, time-in-range (70–180 mg/dL) was reduced from baseline to the end of the study (67.2% to 63.0%), and time-above-range (>180 mg/dL) seemed to increase from baseline across the study (20.8% → 27.5% → 22.1%, from baseline → first → last stage), but did not show any statistical significance. Time in hypoglycemia (either < 70 mg/dL or <54 mg/dL) did not show statistically significant differences. This study shows that a HIIT program with elastic bands is safe and effective to perform in T1D patients, keeping blood glucose levels in a safe range.

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