scholarly journals Wastewater Management and Community Participation in Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (22) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Srisuwan Kasemsawat ◽  
Sivapan Choo-in ◽  
Tatsanawalai Utarasakul
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Main River ◽  
Control Department ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Very High

This research focused on wastewater management and community participation in Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. Objectives of the research were (1) To investigate and assess quality of surface water and sewage at the sources before being discharged into main river and canals in Amphawa district, Samut Songkhram province. The study was conducted during October 2016–September 2017. A number of 40 surface water samples and 40 sewage samples were collected. Water quality of the samples were assessed following the Pollution Control Department procedure. The results showed that quality of surface water was likely good with pH, DO and amount of coliform bacteria under the PCD standard. BOD and amount of fecal coliform bacteria were slightly over the threshold and very high amount of NH3 was found. Sewage contained very low DO, extremely high BOD and slightly high TKN.

scholarly journals Chemical Quality of Surface Water of Bhola Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh for Irrigation, Aquaculture, Drinking and Livestock Consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
MF Karim ◽  
MW Zaman ◽  
R Sultana ◽  
MU Nizam ◽  
MR Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hard Limit ◽  
Surface Water Samples

A study was carried out with 25 pond water samples of Bhola Sadar Upazila to assess the quality of surface water for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption. Chemical analyses of different parameters were done to assess the quality of water. All of the water samples showed slightly acidic in nature. Sixteen surface water samples were not suitable for drinking and aquaculture in respect of pH (pH <6.5). Electrical conductivity (EC) categorized the waters as “low salinity” (C1) to “medium salinity” (C2) class for irrigation. With respect to total dissolved solids surface waters were within “highest desirable limit” for drinking and irrigation and suitable for livestock consumption and aquaculture. Calcium and Magnesium content rated the samples as “maximum permissible” and “highest desirable” limit for drinking. All the samples were suitable for drinking in case of Na and K, 21 samples were not suitable for aquaculture due to higher (>5.0 mg L-1) K content. Six samples were unsuitable for livestock due to higher (Cl >30mgL- 1) Cl values. SSP rated 9 samples as “good”, 1 as “excellent”, 6 as “doubtful” and 9 as “permissible” for irrigation. With respect to RSC 21 samples were “suitable”, 3 were “marginal” and 1 was “unsuitable” for irrigation. Hardness classified 14 samples within “moderately hard”, 10 within “soft” and only one as “hard” limit for irrigation and 1 sample (No. 16) was unsuitable for livestock consumption. P, B, Cu and As concentration categorized all the samples suitable for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22053 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 131-140 2013

The Efficiency and Relevance of Different Concentration Methods for the Analysis of Off-Flavours in Water

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Lundgren ◽  
H. Borén ◽  
A. Grimvall ◽  
R. Sävenhed ◽  
B. Wigilius
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Flavour Compounds ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Preparative Gas Chromatography ◽  
Concentration Methods ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The efficiency of four different concentration methods (stripping with and without addition of salt, XAD-2 adsorption and dichloromethane extraction) for the enrichment of off-flavour compounds in treated and untreated surface water has been evaluated by gas Chromatographic sniffing and by sensory analysis of the concentrated extracts. In general, the extracts obtained by dichloromethane extraction and XAD-2 adsorption contained a larger number of off-flavour compounds than the stripping extracts. Experiments in which the extracts from stripping and dichloromethane extraction were dissolved in odourless water showed that the original odour quality of the water could normally be re-created by both methods. However, for certain surface water samples, the original odour may be re-created from extracts obtained by solvent extraction but not from corresponding stripping extracts, proving that the choice of concentration method can be important. Fractionation of extracts by preparative gas chromatography followed by dissolving of the resulting fractions in odourless water, was found to be a powerful technique for isolating the organic compounds causing the off-flavour of a water sample.

scholarly journals PENGGELOLAAN BIAYA PENDIDIKAN,PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT,DAN LAYANA PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Darsya ◽  
Tia Ayu Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
School Committee ◽  
Quality Of Learning ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Very High

This research was motivated by learning services that student received is not optimal. This is evident from the empirical conditions including some teachers who use IT-based learning tools, the student feedback in learning activities not optimal, lightly damaged classrooms, and student learning outcomes is quite high. The research objective is unanalyzed influence Management of Cost Education and Community Participation on Quality of Learning Service at Private Elementary Madrasah in Bandung City. Quality of learning service as a result of the performance professional teachers to create satisfaction of student learning. These samples included 143 participants, consisting of 30 headmaster, 30 chairman of the school committee, and 83 teachers. The method used is descriptive-survey with quantitative approach. The results showed 1) Management of Cost Education at Private Elementary Madrasah in Bandung City categorized very high, 2) Community Participation in Private Elementary Madrasah in Bandung City categorized high, 3) Quality of Learning Service at Private Elementary Madrasah in Bandung City categorized very high, 4) Management of Cost Education positive and significant influence on Quality of Learning Service and categorized quite strong, 5) Community Participation no significant influence on Quality of Learning Service and categorized low, 6) Management of Cost Education and Community Participation no significant influence on Quality of Learning Service and categorized strong enough.

scholarly journals Role of tributaries in Donbas in ensuring the quality of the Siverskyi Donets river surface water

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
N. S. Loboda ◽  
O. V. Smalii
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Main River

The relevance of the work consists in the need to study the water quality of the Siverskyi Donets River and its tributaries at the beginning of the 21th century, since the river is a main source of water supply in the eastern part of Ukraine. The catchment area of the Siverskyi Donets River is located in the most industrialized region of Ukraine. It is a transboundary river and its catchment is located in the territory of both Ukraine and Russia. The volume of the river's water use, if compared to its runoff volume, is the largest in Ukraine. The condition of water quality is determined by high water consumption and large amount of polluted water being discharged into it. The largest impact is caused by discharges from the residential and commercial complex (big cities) and the enterprises of coal industry, ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industry which are concentrated in the Donets Coal Basin. The purpose of this work is to assess the changes of surface water quality of the Siverskyi Donets Basin and to establish the role of the tributaries affected by considerable anthropogenic pressure in the formation of the ecological state of the main river. The research aims at analyzing the hydrochemical indices of the Siverskyi Donets River and its tributaries: the Udy River (9 km to the south from Kharkiv) located in the forest-steppe zone and affected by the wastewater of Kharkiv megalopolis; the Oskil River (Chervonooskilske Reservoir) located in the karst area, having a significant underground water supply and the runoff of which is regulated by the reservoir; the Luhan, Kryvyi Torets, Kazennyi Torets, Bakhmut rivers that are tributaries originating from the Donetsk Highlands and affected by the wastewater of Donbas industrial and municipal enterprises. The subject of the research is the ecological condition of water resources in the rivers of the Siverskyi Donets Basin estimated using the generalized ecological index. The water quality condition was analyzed based on the hydrochemical observations performed from 1990 to 2015 by Central Geophysical Observatory in Kyiv. The main method of research is the method of ecological assessment of surface water quality of land and estuaries in Ukraine using relevant categories. The assessment of the surface water quality using the generalized ecological index (with application of average indicators) showed that the water quality deteriorates along the main river with its worst condition at Lysychansk section. Analysis of the tributaries indicated the worst ecological condition of the Bakhmut River (Donbas). For most of the considered rivers the 3rd class of quality (“satisfactory”), the 4th category ("satisfactory condition and slightly contaminated”) were established. If we consider the index of ecological condition by maximum indicators, the results are almost the same for all the studied rivers: 5th class, 7th category ("very poor condition and very contaminated”). According to the block of salt composition components, the worst ecological condition is established for sections of the Siverskyi Donets River (city of Lysychansk) and the Bakhmut River. The analysis of the generalized ecological index  dynamics along the length of the main river indicated a general trend (except for the section in Lysychansk) to water quality improvement. This was achieved following the decrease of toxic effects due to reduction of petroleum products and phenol concentrations. No significant changes in the index were detected for the tributaries. Donbas rivers are also characterized by increase of the salt composition components index: their water is classified as "brackish" whereas the water of other tributaries is classified as “fresh water”. The pollution with nitrogen compounds still remains significant and keeps increasing. The heavy metals content decreases very slowly. The inflow of water of the Donbas rivers to the main river causes significant changes of the ecological condition at the Lysychansk section located downstream from the place of their confluence.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Different Surface Water Samples of Tangail District, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (11) ◽  
pp. 769-789
Author(s):  
Nasreen Jahan ◽  
Safaiatul Islam ◽  
Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni ◽  
Md. Jakir Hossain ◽  
Sabiha Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals Waterlogging and Salinity in the Indus Plain: Comment

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Development Review ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Very High

Mr. Ghulam Mohammad, Senior Research Economist of the Pakistan institute of Development Economics, by publishing his critical analysis of the Revelle Report in Volume IV, No. 3 of the Pakistan Development Review [4] has done a great service to the country. A chance has, thus, been created to examine some of the recommendations for the solution of the problem as put forth by the Panel of scientists from America. Ghulam Mohammad has summarised the major recommendations of the Revelle Report and then commented upon these, giving alternative suggestions. The ma,n recommendations of the report are to install tubewells in the large agricultural regions of the Indus Plain. This suggestion is to supple¬ment the insufficient diversion of the surface water and at the same time to effect the drainage of the land. Ghulam Mohammad has discussed the results of the quality of groundwater, and has concluded, ''that groundwater of the Indus Plain are charged with dangerous limits of bicarbonates and sodium contents and their indiscriminate utilization will make the soils alkaline and impermeable." In his opinion, tubewells should not be installed in areas where concentration of sodium or bicarbonates is very high.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Pollutant Removal from Surface Water in a Conventional Water Treatment System

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Artur Jachimowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
First Case ◽  
Process System ◽  
Removal Of Impurities

The article contains an assessment of efficiency of removal of impurities from surface water using the technology employed by “Raba” plant of the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Cracow (MPWiK). Research conducted by the laboratory staff shows that the functioning process system for water treatment makes it possible to obtain water with parameters corresponding to the currently applicable regulations on the quality of treated water at the outlet of the plant. Selected microbiological indicators during the treatment process and physicochemical parameters in raw and potable water underwent statistical analysis. In the first case, only Clostridium perfringens bacteria and coliform bacteria were analysed. The other bacteriological parameters in the water production process gave a result of 0 cfu/100 ml. In the second case, the average rates of removal of impurities were calculated in order to check the efficiency of the treatment process. In the examined water, the highest efficiency of removal of impurities was observed with regard to the following indicators: nitrates (III), turbidity, colour, ammonium ion and phosphates. The research conducted showed that the quality of treated water was affected by the degree of pollution of raw water and the use of appropriate stages of the process system which removed impurities and neutralised pathogenic microorganisms.

Impact of chlorine injury on reaction kinetics of coliforms and E. coli in colisureTM and LTB

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 419-422
Author(s):  
G. McFeters ◽  
M. Pickett ◽  
S. Broadaway ◽  
B. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Over Time

This study compared a chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate based medium, Colisure, with the conventional fermentation based medium, lauryl tryptose broth (LTB), for the recovery of chlorine-injured and non-injured coliforms and E. coli. Mixed natural populations of coliforms from sewage, with and without chlorine exposure, and untreated surface water samples were examined following a USEPA established procedure. Colisure and LTB were examined after 20, 24, 28 and 48h incubation and reactions verified. There were slight increases in positive reactions over time with unchlorinated samples, for which the two media gave similar kinetic patterns. The increases over time with chlorinated samples were much greater than with unchlorinated samples. LTB gave significantly lower total positive responses and had a more pronounced lag period than did Colisure. Total coliform bacteria from surface water samples gave somewhat different reactions with more of an increase with time. Colisure recovered comparable or higher numbers of total coliforms and E. coli in 20–28h than LTB after 48h. These results confirm that Colisure gives improved recovery of chlorine-injured total coliforms and E. coli under conditions simulating treated drinking and source water, resulting in a more realistic estimate of the actual population of indicator bacteria in public water supplies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Indus Delta Groundwater and Surface water Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1599-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Shabir Solangi ◽  
Altaf Ali Siyal ◽  
Pirah Siyal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Indus Delta ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The present study was conducted to analyze the suitability of groundwater and surface water of the Indus Delta, Pakistan for domestic and irrigation purposes based on the concentrations of arsenic (As), total dissolved solids (TDS), and chloride (Cl). Around 180 georeferenced groundwater and 50 surface water samples randomly collected were analyzed and mapped spatially using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The results were compared with their respective WHO and FAO guidelines. The analysis revealed that as in groundwater and surface water samples ranged up to 200, and 25 µg/L respectively. Similarly, the TDS in the groundwater and surface water ranged from 203 to 17, 664 mg/L and 378 to 38,272 mg/L respectively. The Cl in groundwater and surface water varied between 131 and 6,275 mg/L and 440 to 17,406 mg/L respectively. Overall, about 18%, 87% and 94% of the groundwater, and 10%, 92% and 56% of the surface waters possessed higher concentrations of As, TDS, and Cl, respectively. The higher levels of Cl in the samples are attributed to subsurface seawater intrusion in the delta. Analysis results and GIS mapping of water quality parameters revealed that in most of the delta, the quality of water was not suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes, thus should be properly treated before its use.

scholarly journals The analysis of the quality of surface water of Danube in the Republic of Serbia for 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Uroš Durlević
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Ion

Today, the quality of water in the world is changing significantly due to the increasing human impact on the environment. The paper presents an analysis of the surface water quality of the Danube river at five hydrological stations in Serbia for 2018. Using the relevant method - the water quality index, in this case, the Serbian water quality index (SWQI) ten physico-chemical and microbiological parameters (oxygen saturation, Five-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand or BOD5, ammonium ion concentration, pH value, water) were analyzed Total Nitrogen or WTN, Total Suspended Solids or TSS, orthophosphate concentration, electrical conductivity, temperature and fecal coliform bacteria presence in water). The values obtained are classified in 5 classes depending on the water quality. The lowest (good) water quality was recorded on the Zemun - Smederevo river course, while in Bezdan, Novi Sad and Radujevac, the average annual water quality is very good.

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