scholarly journals Functionalization of Crumb Rubber Surface for the Incorporation into Asphalt Layers of Reduced Stiffness: An Overview of Existing Treatment Approaches

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Christina Makoundou ◽  
Kenth Johansson ◽  
Viveca Wallqvist ◽  
Cesare Sangiorgi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Uv Ozone ◽  
Reactive Properties ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

The substitution of mineral aggregates with crumb rubber (CR) from waste end-of-life tires (ELTs) in the asphalt concretes, has been considered a sustainable paving industry approach. The rubber has been used to construct pavements with proven enhanced resilience and improved durability. However, some issues related to the rubber’s surface adhesion or swelling may arise with these practices and generate complications (binder consumption, temperatures, mixing times). One possible solution to overcome the materials’ compatibility problems is to pre-treat the CR’s surface before its incorporation into the asphalt mixes to allow a surface functionalization that can enhance coverage and cohesion inside the mixes. The physical treatments using radiations-based beam are already exploited in the plastic recycling industries avoiding the use of chemicals in considerable amounts. Such treatments permit the recovering of large quantities of polymer-based materials and the enhancement of interfacial properties. This article provides an overview of existing surface treatments of polymers and especially rubber, including gamma ray, UV-ozone, microwaves, and plasma. Several studies have shown an overall improvement of the rubber surface’s reactive properties due to contaminant removal or roughness enhancement attributed to cross-linking or scission reactions occurring on the rubber’s surface layer. With those properties, the asphalt mixes’ phase stability properties are increased when the pre-treated rubber is incorporated. The treatments would permit to increase the CR quantities, yet reduce the layer stiffness, and improve the durability and the sustainability of future advanced road pavements.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

Laboratory Evaluation of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixes

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Palit ◽  
K. Sudhakar Reddy ◽  
B. B. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Modified Asphalt

scholarly journals Balancing the Performance and Environmental Concerns of Used Motor Oil as Rejuvenator in Asphalt Mixes

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eslam Deef-Allah ◽  
Magdy Abdelrahman ◽  
Mark Fitch ◽  
Mohyeldin Ragab ◽  
Mousumi Bose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Used Motor Oil ◽  
The Us

Road deterioration inspires researchers to enhance the properties of asphalt binder for better performing mixes. Recycled tire rubber, or crumb rubber modifier (CRM), and used motor oil (UMO) are two modifiers that enhance asphalt binder performance through two different mechanisms. CRM affects high-temperature properties while UMO modifies low-temperature properties. Potential environmental concerns arising from the use of UMO have been raised in the literature. In this paper, the two recycled materials were investigated for their ability to complement each other. Both performance benefits of using both materials and the environmental concerns of using UMO were studied. Four CRM asphalt binders were investigated: two with UMO and two without UMO. Environmental impacts were evaluated using gas chromatography to check air emissions for benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The potential for toxic leaching of elements from modified hot mix asphalt (HMA) were checked using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Protocol (TCLP). For asphalt binders modified by CRM-UMO combinations, CRM decreased the amounts of released BTEX components, presumably by absorbing UMO and slowing the release of BTEX. Leaching results concluded that UMO mixtures showed a notable percentage of sulfur (S) as compared to non-UMO mixes. All these leachate components were under EPA limits.

Laboratory Assessment of Workability of Asphalt Rubber Hot Mixes Using Warm Mix Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yun Huang ◽  
Jing Hui Liu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Dan Ni Li
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
The Road ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Save Energy

Using the waste crumb rubber modified asphalt to pave the road surface could reduce cost and save energy. However，in order to obtain adequate workability, the mixing temperature and compaction temperature of rubberized asphalt binder and its mixture is much higher than those of conventional asphalt mixtures. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is the name given to certain technologies that reduce the production and placement temperatures of asphalt mixes. One of the main benefits advertised is the increased workability at conventional and lower compaction temperatures with the WMA addition. This paper evaluates whether there are any synergy effects of using warm mix technologies and Asphalt Rubber(AR) hot mixes. This paper summarizes a lab research to evaluate the workability of Asphalt Rubber hot mixes containing warm mix technologies. Both asphalt binder and asphalt mixture were evaluated and compared. The research suggests that combining WMA technology with Asphalt Rubber mixtures is a win-win.

Fatigue and Fracture Properties of Asphalt Mixes Containing Low Content of Crumb-Rubber Modifier

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 04020280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Liang ◽  
John T. Harvey ◽  
Rongzong Wu ◽  
Liya Jiao ◽  
David Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture

The use of high content of fine crumb rubber in asphalt mixes using dry process

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Amid Tahami ◽  
Ali Foroutan Mirhosseini ◽  
Samer Dessouky ◽  
Helge Mork ◽  
Amir Kavussi
Keyword(s):  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Dry Process

Laboratory Investigation of Moisture Damage in Asphalt Rubber Hot Mixes Using Warm Mix Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Jing Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Knowledge Area

The advantages of using asphalt rubber pavement strategies have been validated by many research efforts. However, the most obvious disadvantage of asphalt rubber hot mix is requiring a higher mix and placement temperature in order to obtain adequate workability, which results in higher energy requirements and asphalt easy ageing. By utilizing Warm Mix Asphalt(WMA) technology the temperature requirements of the asphalt rubber hot mix can be reduced significantly. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is the name given to certain technologies that reduce the production and placement temperatures of asphalt mixes. Asphalt Rubber Hot Mix of containing Warm Mix technology is a very promising technology whether in energy saving or improving pavement performance. One of the main concentrations of crumb rubber mix is now on the moisture damage evaluation due to WMA additives. In this study, the objective was to conduct a laboratory investigation of moisture damage in Warm Rubber Mix Asphalt(WRMA). Currently, there are no standards or laboratory test data to support the knowledge area on the susceptibility of asphalt rubber mixtures to moisture damage. The widely accepted testing procedures i.e. indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) were performed to determine the moisture susceptibility of the mixtures.

scholarly journals Study on Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumens Mix for Road Asphalt Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2170-2182
Author(s):  
Shantanu Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Rubber Crumb ◽  
Road Asphalt ◽  
Waste Crumb Rubber ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Abstract: In this study the strength & stability characteristics of bituminous mix for 80/100 grade bitumen is to studied and the effect of waste crumb rubber strength and stability characteristics in Bituminous mix and rubber bituminous mix is analyzed. Keywords: voids in mineral aggregates (VMA), voids filled with bitumen (VFB) Method, Crumb rubber, Crumb rubber bituminous mix, stability, flow, Bulk Density

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