scholarly journals Biomethane Yield from Different European Phragmites australis Genotypes, Compared with Other Herbaceous Wetland Species Grown at Different Fertilization Regimes

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Eller ◽  
Per Magnus Ehde ◽  
Claudia Oehmke ◽  
Linjing Ren ◽  
Hans Brix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Biomethane Production

Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia and Arundo donax are tall wetland graminoids with the potential to replace fossil fuels under sustainable cultivation conditions. We investigated the biomethane (CH4) production of these four species, including four different genotypes of P. australis, which represent the high intraspecific diversity of European reed. All plants were grown under three different macronutrient supplies (no nutrients added, an equivalent of 75 kg N ha−1 year−1 added and an equivalent of 500 kg N ha−1 year−1 added). Biomethane production was measured in four independent batch digestion tests. Across all experiments, fertilization regime had little effect on CH4 yield, which was on average 222 ± 31 L kg−1 volatile solids (VS). The lowest yield was produced by T. angustifolia (140 L kgVS−1) receiving no nutrients, while the highest yield was produced by A. donax (305 L kgVS−1) in the highest nutrient treatment. The intraspecific diversity of P. australis did not affect biomethane production. All P. australis genotypes produced on average 226 ± 19 L CH4 kgVS−1, which, although high, was still lower than conventional biogas species. The biomass production of P. australis was less increased by fertilization than that of Typha sp. and A. donax, but all species had similar biomass without fertilization.

Seasonal deposition of ferric hydroxide plaque on roots of wetland plants

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 2120-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Crowder ◽  
S. M. Macfie
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Peak Biomass ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Seasonal Deposition

In three wetlands in southeastern Ontario, ferric hydroxide was deposited on the roots of Typha latifolia (maximum, 67 × 103 ppm); in four other wetlands, deposition was negligible (< 103 ppm). Iron deposition was seasonal, with the peak period in July–August corresponding to peak biomass production of shoots. In one wetland where Carex rostrata and Phragmites australis occurred, seasonal plaque formation was similar. Plaque formation was not obviously related to Eh and pH regimes.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Switchgrass Productivity and Soil Trace Gas Production

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serra Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Ch4 Production

Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations continue to increase and one of the major culprits is the continued elevation and use of fossil fuels for energy. Using bioenergy, a renewable and sustainable source of natural energy, could help to reduce the effect that fossil fuels are having on the planet by slowing the rate of input of atmospheric GHG’s. Perennial crops such as switch grass can be grown and used as a bioenergy crop. In some cases, nitrogen fertilizers are used to increase the growth of bioenergy crops with potential negative environmental consequences. For example, nitrogen fertilizer can impact soil chemical processes and lead to an increase in the production of greenhouse gases, mainly N2O and CH4. Production of these gases would negate some of the benefits achieved by substituting bioenergy crops for fossil fuels. When I examined the amount of gas flux being produced by switchgrass fields, with 0 lbs/acre, 50 lbs/acre and 150lbs/acre fertilizer treatments we observed, as predicted, an increase in N2O production with more fertilization. In some cases the increase in N2O production in the 150lbs/acre treatment was as extreme as being over 200% larger compared with no fertilization. I also observed some very interesting results with methane production, which has been showing production of methane, along with after around 30 minutes of gas collection in a chamber. Based on the results of my research, I have created a cost benefit analysis of using nitrogen fertilizer on switchgrass crops.

scholarly journals Treatment of dairy waste by anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
Hanna Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Abstract The results of anaerobic digestion (AD) of buttermilk (BM) and cheese whey (CW) with a digested sewage sludge as inoculum is described. The substrate/inoculum mixtures were prepared using 10% buttermilk and 15% cheese whey. The essential parameters of the materials were described, including: total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), pH, conductivity, C/N ratio (the quantitative ratio of organic carbon (C) to nitrogen (N)), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD). The potential directions of biodegradation of the organic waste types, as used in this study, are also presented. Appropriate chemical reactions illustrate the substrates and products in each phase of anaerobic decomposition of the compounds that are present in buttermilk and cheese whey: lactic acid, lactose, fat, and casein. Moreover, the biogas and biomethane production rates are compared for the substrates used in the experiment. The results have shown that buttermilk in AD generates more biogas (743 m3/Mg VS), including methane (527 m3/Mg VS), when compared with cheese whey (600 m3/Mg VS, 338 m3/Mg VS for biogas and methane, respectively).

scholarly journals Synchrotron micro-scale measurement of metal distributions in Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia root tissue from an urban brownfield site

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Feng ◽  
Yu Qian ◽  
Frank J. Gallagher ◽  
Weiguo Zhang ◽  
Lizhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Brownfield Site

Experimental Studies on Combustion of Cattle Manure in a Fluidized Bed Combustor

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Annamalai ◽  
M. Y. Ibrahim ◽  
J. M. Sweeten
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Manure from cattle feedlots is a renewable energy source which has the potential of supplementing the existing fossil fuels. But the heat content of manure is rather low. Since, the fluidized bed combustion technology has been used for the energy conversion of marginal fuels, such a technology is being explored for the combustion of feedlot manure. A fluidized bed combustor of 0.15 m (6 in.) diameter was used for the combustion tests on manure. Experiments were conducted with −20 to +20 percent excess air and at bed temperatures ranging from 600°C (1112°F) to 800°C (1472°F). Experimental data revealed that the gasification efficiencies ranged from 90 to 98 percent, while the combustion efficiencies varied from 45 to 85 percent. Higher combustion efficiencies were obtained with decreased volatile solids content of manure. The low combustion efficiencies are attributed to the limited residence time available for the volatiles to burn within the reactor.

scholarly journals Chloride Accumulation in Aboveground Biomass of Three Macrophytes (Phragmites Australis, Juncus Maritimus, and Typha Latifolia) Depending on Their Growth Stages and Salinity Exposure. Application for Cl- Removal and Phytodesalinization.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Delattre ◽  
Isabelle TECHER ◽  
Benjamin Reneaud ◽  
Patrick Verdoux ◽  
Isabelle Laffont-Schwob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chloride Removal ◽  
Juvenile Plants

Abstract Anthropogenic activities can be the source of saline solid wastes that need to be treated to reduce their salt load to meet the purposes of reuse, valorization or storage. In this context, chloride remediation can be achieved using high-salt accumulating plants. However, there is very limited information on the comparative potential of different species in the same environment, and only scarce data concerning their efficiency as a function of growth stage. In order to rationalize these selection criteria, three macrophytes i.e. common reed (Phragmites australis), sea rush (Juncus maritimus) and cattail (Typha latifolia) were cultivated at two growth stages (6-months old and 1-year old) for 65 days in Cl- spiked substrates (from 0 up to 24 ‰ NaCl). The plants’ survival and potential capacity for removal of Cl- from substrates and accumulation in shoots were investigated. For the three studied species, mature and juvenile plants display a high tolerance to salinity. However, mature specimens with higher shoot biomass and Cl- contents are capable of greater chloride removal than juvenile plants. The sole exception is P. australis which displays just the same phytoremediation potential for both mature and juvenile specimens. Moreover, P. australis has the lowest potential when compared with other species, being 1.5 and 3 times lower than for J. maritimus and T. latifolia. When considering the plant growth and the shoot biomass production, chloride removal rates from the substrate point that mature J. maritimus should preferentially be used to design an operational chloride remediation system. The results highlight the relevance of considering the growth stage of plants used for Cl- removal.

scholarly journals Материалы к флоре болот Тамбовской области

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
Олег Геннадьевич Гришуткин
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Carex Acuta ◽  
Lycopus Europaeus

Тамбовская область находится в лесостепной природной зоне, которая характеризуется сравнительно низкой заболоченностью и сильным преобразованием естественных ландшафтов. В XX веке болота подверглись значительному антропогенному воздействию, что отразилось на флоре, но почти не было зафиксировано в публикациях последних трех десятилетий. Нами в 2011–2021 гг. маршрутно-ключевым методом обследовано 46 болот в 13 районах Тамбовской области, на основе полученных результатов составлен список высших растений, указано их распределение по основным типам болот (низинные, переходные, верховые) и встречаемость. На болотах Тамбовской области выявлено 158 видов сосудистых растений (108 родов и 55 семейств) и 33 вида мхов (14 родов и 9 семейств). Наиболее часто на болотах региона из сосудистых растений встречались Salix cinerea, Typha latifolia, Lysimachia vulgaris, L. thyrsiflora, Carex acuta, Betula pubescens, Calamagrostis canescens, Phragmites australis, Lycopus europaeus, из мхов – Sphagnum fallax, S. flexuosum, S. angustifolium. На болотах зафиксированы популяции 22 видов, включённых в Красную книгу Тамбовской области.   БлагодарностиРабота проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания 121051100099-5.

Anaerobic co-digestion of spent coconut copra with cow urine for enhanced biogas production

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2097509
Author(s):  
Uduak U Ndubuisi-Nnaji ◽  
Utibe A Ofon ◽  
Nnanake-Abasi O Offiong
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Thermophilic Condition ◽  
Biomethane Production

Laboratory-scale bioreactors were used to co-digest spent coconut copra (SCC) and cow urine (CU) as a co-substrate (SCC + CU) in a batch mode under thermophilic condition (45 ± 2°C) in order to enhance biogas production. The effect of CU pretreatment on the performance indicators (biogas and biomethane yields, total solids (TS), and volatile solids (VS) reduction, pH and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations) were also examined. This was compared with mono-digestion of SCC. The experiment was performed with different mixing ratios in reactors labelled as follows: A = 75 g SCC + 5 ml CU; B = 70 g SCC + 10 ml CU; C = 65 g SCC + 15 ml CU; and D (control) = 80 g SCC at a hydraulic retention time of 42 days. Co-digestion (SCC + CU) significantly improved anaerobic digestion (AD) performance resulting in a threefold and fivefold increase in biogas and biomethane production, respectively, with concomitant TS (44.9–57.7%) and VS (55.4–60.3%) removal efficiencies. But for mono-digestion (control experiment), all CU treated and co-digestion assays showed pH stability ranging between 6.6 and 7.4 and VFAs’ concentrations ranging from 15–330 mgL-1. By acting as a buffer, CU effectively enhanced the AD performance of SCC as demonstrated in this study.

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