scholarly journals Laparoscopic Robotic Surgery: Current Perspective and Future Directions

Robotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Kathryn Longmore ◽  
Ganesh Naik ◽  
Gaetano D. Gargiulo
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Robotic Assisted Surgery ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Giant Leap ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Near Future

Just as laparoscopic surgery provided a giant leap in safety and recovery for patients over open surgery methods, robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is doing the same to laparoscopic surgery. The first laparoscopic-RAS systems to be commercialized were the Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) da Vinci and the Computer Motion Zeus. These systems were similar in many aspects, which led to a patent dispute between the two companies. Before the dispute was settled in court, Intuitive Surgical bought Computer Motion, and thus owned critical patents for laparoscopic-RAS. Recently, the patents held by Intuitive Surgical have begun to expire, leading to many new laparoscopic-RAS systems being developed and entering the market. In this study, we review the newly commercialized and prototype laparoscopic-RAS systems. We compare the features of the imaging and display technology, surgeons console and patient cart of the reviewed RAS systems. We also briefly discuss the future directions of laparoscopic-RAS surgery. With new laparoscopic-RAS systems now commercially available we should see RAS being adopted more widely in surgical interventions and costs of procedures using RAS to decrease in the near future.

A comparative cost analysis of robotic-assisted surgery versus laparoscopic surgery and open surgery: the necessity of investing knowledgeably

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 5044-5051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Tedesco ◽  
Francesco C. Faggiano ◽  
Erica Leo ◽  
Pietro Derrico ◽  
Matteo Ritrovato
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Robotic Assisted Surgery

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OPERATION TECHNIQUE OF PEFORATED DUODENAL ULCER REPAIR BY SINGLEPORT LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Huu Tri Nguyen ◽  
Loc Le ◽  
Doàn Van Phu Nguyen ◽  
Nhu Thanh Dang ◽  
Thanh Phuc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Patch Repair ◽  
Perforated Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Conversion To Open Surgery

Background: Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is increasingly used in surgery and in the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. The aim of this study was to evaluate technical factors for perforated duodenal ulcer repair by SPLS. Methods: A prospective study on 42 consecutive patients diagnosed with perforated duodenal ulcer and treated with SPLS at Hue university of medicine and pharmacy hospital and Hue central hospital from January 2012 to February 2015. Results: The mean age was 48.1 ± 14.2 (17 - 79) years. 40 patients were treated with suture of the perforation by pure SPLS. There was one case (2.4%) in which one additional trocar was required. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in one patient (2.4%) in which the perforation was situated on the posterior duodenal wall. Two patients (4.8%) with history of abdominal surgery were successfully treated by pure SPLS. The size of perforation was correlated with suturing time (correlation coefficient r = 0.459) and operative time (correlation coefficient r = 0.528). Considering suture type, X stitches were used in 95.5% cases, simple stitches were used in one case (2.4%) while Graham patch repair technique was utilized in one case (2.4%) with large perforation. Most cases (95.1%) required only simple suture without omental patch. Peritoneal drainage was spared in most cases (90.2%). Conclusions: SPLS is a safe method for the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. Posterior duodenal location is the main cause of conversion to open surgery. Factor related to operative time is perforation size. Key words: perforated duodenal ulcer, single port laparoscopic repair, single port laparoscopy

scholarly journals Cell-free riboswitches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tabuchi ◽  
Yohei Yokobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Free Protein ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Gene Switches ◽  
A Current ◽  
Cell Free Protein Synthesis

Synthetic riboswitches can be used as chemical gene switches in cell-free protein synthesis systems. We provide a current perspective on the state of cell-free riboswitch technologies and their future directions.

scholarly journals A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Ninareh Mehrabi ◽  
Fred Morstatter ◽  
Nripsuta Saxena ◽  
Kristina Lerman ◽  
Aram Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Discriminatory Behavior ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Sources

With the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and applications in our everyday lives, accounting for fairness has gained significant importance in designing and engineering of such systems. AI systems can be used in many sensitive environments to make important and life-changing decisions; thus, it is crucial to ensure that these decisions do not reflect discriminatory behavior toward certain groups or populations. More recently some work has been developed in traditional machine learning and deep learning that address such challenges in different subdomains. With the commercialization of these systems, researchers are becoming more aware of the biases that these applications can contain and are attempting to address them. In this survey, we investigated different real-world applications that have shown biases in various ways, and we listed different sources of biases that can affect AI applications. We then created a taxonomy for fairness definitions that machine learning researchers have defined to avoid the existing bias in AI systems. In addition to that, we examined different domains and subdomains in AI showing what researchers have observed with regard to unfair outcomes in the state-of-the-art methods and ways they have tried to address them. There are still many future directions and solutions that can be taken to mitigate the problem of bias in AI systems. We are hoping that this survey will motivate researchers to tackle these issues in the near future by observing existing work in their respective fields.

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