scholarly journals Drought Monitoring Utility using Satellite-Based Precipitation Products over the Xiang River Basin in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Yulin Luo ◽  
Dongyang Zhou ◽  
Yue-Ping Xu ◽  
Guoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Xiang River ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Drought is a natural hazard disaster that can deeply affect environments, economies, and societies around the world. Therefore, accurate monitoring of patterns in drought is important. Precipitation is the key variable to define the drought index. However, the spare and uneven distribution of rain gauges limit the access of long-term and reliable in situ observations. Remote sensing techniques enrich the precipitation data at different temporal–spatial resolutions. In this study, the climate prediction center morphing (CMORPH) technique (CMORPH-CRT), the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TRMM 3B42V7), and the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement (IMERG V05) were evaluated and compared with in situ observations for the drought monitoring in the Xiang River Basin, a humid region in China. A widely-used drought index, the standardized precipitation index (SPI), was chosen to evaluate the drought monitoring utility. The atmospheric water deficit (AWD) was used for comparison of the drought estimation with SPI. The results were as follows: (1) IMERG V05 precipitation products showed the highest accuracy against grid-based precipitation, followed by CMORPH-CRT, which performed better than TRMM 3B42V7; (2) IMERG V05 showed the best performance in SPI-1 (one-month SPI) estimations compared with CMORPH-CRT and TRMM 3B42V7; (3) SPI-1 was more suitable for drought monitoring than AWD in the Xiang River Basin, because its high R-values and low root mean square error (RMSE) compared with the corresponding index based on in situ observations; (4) drought conditions in 2015 were apparently more severe than that in 2016 and 2017, with the driest area mainly distributed in the southwest part of the Xiang River Basin.

scholarly journals Using integrated meteorological and hydrological indices to assess drought characteristics in southern Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Fu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract Numerous drought index assessment methods have been developed to investigate droughts. This study proposes a more comprehensive assessment method integrating two drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) are employed to establish an integrated drought assessment method to study the trends and characteristics of droughts in southern Taiwan. The overall SPI and SDI values and the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts within a given year (November to October) revealed consistent general trends. Major droughts occurred in the periods of 1979–1980, 1992–1993, 1994–1995, and 2001–2003. According to the results of the Mann–Kendall trend test and the Theil–Sen estimator analysis, the streamflow data from the Sandimen gauging station in the Ailiao River Basin showed a 30% decrease, suggesting increasing aridity between 1964 and 2003. Hence, in terms of water resources management, special attention should be given to the Ailiao River Basin. The integrated analysis showed different types of droughts occurring in different seasons, and the results are in good agreement with the climatic characteristics of southern Taiwan. This study suggests that droughts cannot be explained fully by the application of a single drought index. Integrated analysis using multiple indices is required.

Evaluation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA v7) in drought monitoring over southwest Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
M Montazeri ◽  
MSK Kiany ◽  
SA Masoodian
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Tropical Rainfall ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates

Characterizing the errors in satellite-based precipitation estimations for drought monitoring is of great importance, as these estimations provide both spatially and temporally complete records. The aim of this study was to evaluate satellite-based quantitative precipitation estimates to monitor meteorological drought in southwestern Iran. The reliability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Version 7 products (3B42 and 3B43) in estimating the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was evaluated against a ground-based gridded precipitation dataset at 0.25° spatial resolution for 1998-2016. The analysis conducted for the SPI at various time scales revealed that both products (3B42 and 3B43) are capable of capturing the spatial and temporal behavior of drought events over the study region, with the best performance at SPI6. 3B43 is also more efficient in the identification of shorter severe drought events compared to 3B42. The findings suggest that both satellite products, particularly 3B43, are suitable to be used directly for SPI computation in the region for drought monitoring and early warning in terms of the accuracy and the spatial and temporal resolutions they provide.

scholarly journals Drought assessment using a multivariate drought index in the Huaihe River basin of Eastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
M. Zeng ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
P. Li ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Huaihe River Basin ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
The Huaihe River ◽  
Multivariate Drought Index

Abstract. The Huaihe River Basin having China's highest population density (662 persons per km2) lies in a transition zone between the climates of North and South China, and is thus prone to drought. Therefore, the paper aims to develop an appropriate drought assessment approach for drought assessment in the Huaihe River basin, China. Based on the Principal Component Analysis of precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and runoff, the three latter variables of which were obtained by use of the Xin'anjiang model, a new multivariate drought index (MDI) was formulated, and its thresholds were determined by use of cumulative distribution function. The MDI, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) time series on a monthly scale were computed and compared during 1988, 1999/2000 and 2001 drought events. The results show that the MDI exhibited certain advantages over the sc-PDSI and the SPI in monitoring drought evolution. The MDI formulated by this paper could provide a scientific basis for drought mitigation and management, and references for drought assessment elsewhere in China.

A novel index for ecological drought monitoring based on ecological water deficit: a case study of Northwestern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianliang Jiang ◽  
Xiaoling Su
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Different Time Scales

<p>Although the concept of ecological drought was first defined by the Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNAPP) in 2016, there remains no widely accepted drought index for monitoring ecological drought. Therefore, this study constructed a new ecological drought monitoring index, the standardized ecological water deficit index (SEWDI). The SEWDI is based on the difference between ecological water requirements and consumption, referred to as the standardized precipitation index (SPI) method, which was used to monitor ecological drought in Northwestern China (NWRC). The performances of the SEWDI and four widely-used drought indices [standardized root soil moisture index (SSI), self-calibrated Palmer drought index (scPDSI), standardized precipitation-evaporation drought index (SPEI), and SPI) in monitoring ecological drought were evaluated through comparing the Pearson correlations between these indices and the standardized normalized difference vegetation index (SNDVI) under different time scales, wetness, and water use efficiencies (WUEs) of vegetation. Finally, the rotational empirical orthogonal function (REOF) was used to decompose the SEWDI at a 12-month scale in the NWRC during 1982–2015 to obtain five ecological drought regions. The characteristics of ecological drought in the NWRC, including intensity, duration, and frequency, were extracted using run theory. The results showed that the performance of the SEWDI in monitoring ecological drought was highest among the commonly-used drought indices evaluated under different time scales [average correlation coefficient values (r) between SNDVI and drought indices: SEWDI<sub></sub>= 0.34, SSI<sub></sub>= 0.24, scPDSI<sub></sub>= 0.23, SPI<sub></sub>= 0.20, SPEI<sub></sub>= 0.18), and the 12-month-scale SEWDI was largely unaffected by wetness and WUE. In addition, the results of the monitoring indicated that serious ecological droughts in the NWRC mainly occurred in 1982–1986, 1990–1996, and 2005–2010, primarily in regions I, II, and V, regions II, and IV, and in region III, IV, and V, respectively. This study provides a robust approach for quantifying ecological drought severity across natural vegetation areas and scientific evidence for governmental decision makers.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of temporal drought variation and projection in a tropical river basin of Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Jincy Rose ◽  
N. R. Chithra
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract Temperature is an indispensable parameter of climate that triggers evapotranspiration and has vital importance in aggravating drought severity. This paper analyses the existence and persistence of drought conditions which are said to prevail in a tropical river basin which was once perennial. Past observed data and future climate projections of precipitation and temperature were used for this purpose. The assessment and projection of this study employ the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) compared with that of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results indicate the existence of drought in the past and the drought conditions that may persist in the future according to RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The past drought years identified in the study were compared with the drought declared years in the state and were found to be matching. The evaluation of the future scenarios unveils the occurrence of drought in the basin ranging from mild to extreme conditions. It has been noted that the number of moderate and severe drought months has increased based on SPEI compared to SPI, indicating the importance of temperature in drought studies. The study can be considered as a plausible scientific remark helpful in risk management and application decisions.

scholarly journals Drought and climate change assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for Sarawak River Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. J. Bong ◽  
J. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Monthly Precipitation

Abstract Severe droughts in the year 1998 and 2014 in Sarawak due to the strong El Niño has impacted the water supply and irrigated agriculture. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used for drought identification and monitoring in Sarawak River Basin. Using monthly precipitation data between the year 1975 and 2016 for 15 rainfall stations in the basin, the drought index values were obtained for the time scale of three, six and nine months. Rainfall trend for the years in study was also assessed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator and compared with the drought index. Findings showed that generally there was a decreasing trend for the SPI values for the three time scales, indicating a higher tendency of increased drought event throughout the basin. Furthermore, it was observed that there was an increase in the numbers of dry months in the recent decade for most of the rainfall stations as compared to the previous 30 to 40 years, which could be due to climate change. Findings from this study are valuable for the planning and formulating of drought strategies to reduce and mitigate the adverse effects of drought.

scholarly journals Satellite Soil Moisture for Agricultural Drought Monitoring: Assessment of SMAP-Derived Soil Water Deficit Index in Xiang River Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Yulin Luo ◽  
Yue-Ping Xu ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Tiantian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
R Value ◽  
Xiang River

Agricultural drought can have long-lasting and harmful impacts on both the ecosystem and economy. Therefore, it is important to monitor and predict agricultural drought accurately. Soil moisture is the key variable to define the agricultural drought index. However, in situ soil moisture observations are inaccessible in many areas of the world. Remote sensing techniques enrich the surface soil moisture observations at different tempo-spatial resolutions. In this study, the Level 2 L-band radiometer soil moisture dataset was used to estimate the Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI). The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) dataset was evaluated with the soil moisture dataset obtained from the China Land Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System (CLSMDAS). The SMAP-derived SWDI (SMAP_SWDI) was compared with the atmospheric water deficit (AWD) calculated with precipitation and evapotranspiration from meteorological stations. Drought monitoring and comparison were accomplished at a weekly scale for the growing season (April to November) from 2015 to 2017. The results were as follows: (1) in terms of Pearson correlation coefficients (R-value) between SMAP and CLSMDAS, around 70% performed well and only 10% performed poorly at the grid scale, and the R-value was 0.62 for the whole basin; (2) severe droughts mainly occurred from mid-June to the end of September from 2015 to 2017; (3) severe droughts were detected in the southern and northeastern Xiang River Basin in mid-May of 2015, and in the northern basin in early August of 2016 and end of November 2017; (4) the values of percentage of drought weeks gradually decreased from 2015 to 2017, and increased from the northeast to the southwest of the basin in 2015 and 2016; and (5) the average value of R and probability of detection between SMAP_SWDI and AWD were 0.6 and 0.79, respectively. These results show SMAP has acceptable accuracy and good performance for drought monitoring in the Xiang River Basin.

scholarly journals Using CHIRPS Dataset to Assess Wet and Dry Conditions along the Semiarid Central-Western Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Rivera ◽  
Sofía Hinrichs ◽  
Georgina Marianetti
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Central Western Argentina ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Records

The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset was conceived as a tool for monitoring drought and environmental change over land. Recent validation efforts along South America have assessed its suitability for reproducing the main spatial and temporal features of precipitation. Nevertheless, little has been done regarding the ability of CHIRPS for the assessment of wet and dry conditions, particularly in areas where in situ precipitation records are scarce. In this paper, we investigated the performance of CHIRPS for monitoring wet and dry events along the semiarid Central-Western Argentina. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), we compared the CHIRPS database with records from 49 meteorological stations along the study area for the period 1987–2016. Results indicate that the CHIRPS dataset adequately reproduced the temporal variability of SPI on multiple timescales (1 month, 3 months, and 6 months), particularly in the region dominated by warm season precipitation. The large overestimation of the seasonal precipitation in the region dominated by cold season precipitation can introduce errors that are reflected in the performance of CHIRPS over the western portion of the domain. The frequency of wet and dry classes was accurately reproduced by CHIRPS on timescales larger than 1 month (SPI1), given the existence of a wet bias that produces an underestimation of the frequency of zero values. This bias is further translated to the evaluation of the SPI1 during the spatial and temporal assessment of historical dry (1998) and wet (2016) events, especially for the classification of extreme dry/wet months. The results from the evaluation indicate that CHIRPS is a suitable tool for assessing dry and wet conditions for timescales longer than 1 month and can support decision-making process within the hydrometeorological agencies over the region.

Building Drought Index Based on AMSR-E Data - A Case Study in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2292-2295
Author(s):  
Qiong Lian Chen ◽  
Jing Wen Xu ◽  
Shao Wei Shi ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Central Sichuan Basin ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Sichuan Hilly Area is selected as the study area. This paper uses ten brightness temperature AMSR-E data during 2006-2010. It constructs 8 preferred drought index by using the polarization ratio method (Polarization Rations, PR). This paper makes Pearson correlation analysis by using the 8 preferred drought index and the soil moisture of study area. Meanwhile, Linear regression and correlation analysis with the Daily precipitation and the standardized precipitation index SPI are also made. The results show: for example, in December 2009, drought index DI74, DI92, DI96 were basically consistent with the spatial distribution. Drought degree has an increasing trend from southeast to northwest regional gradually. And with the drought conditions in hilly area of actual and daily precipitation, SPI correlation between interannual and Sichuan are proper. So the drought index is more suitable for drought study in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin.

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