scholarly journals A Parallax Shift Effect Correction Based on Cloud Height for Geostationary Satellites and Radar Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bieliński
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Satellite Imaging ◽  
Geodetic Coordinates ◽  
Geostationary Satellites ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cloud Height ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cloud Optical Thickness ◽  
Shift Effect

The effect of cloud parallax shift occurs in satellite imaging, particularly for high angles of satellite observations. This study demonstrates new methods of parallax effect correction for clouds observed by geostationary satellites. The analytical method that could be found in literature, namely the Vicente et al./Koenig method, is presented at the beginning. It approximates a cloud position using an ellipsoid with semi-axes increased by the cloud height. The error values of this method reach up to 50 meters. The second method, which is proposed by the author, is an augmented version of the Vicente et al./Koenig approach. With this augmentation, the error can be reduced to centimeters. The third method, also proposed by the author, incorporates geodetic coordinates. It is described as a set of equations that are solved with the numerical method, and its error can be driven to near zero by adjusting the count of iterations. A sample numerical solution procedure with application of the Newton method is presented. Also, a simulation experiment that evaluates the proposed methods is described in the paper. The results of an experiment are described and contrasted with current technology. Currently, operating geostationary Earth Observation (EO) satellite resolutions vary from 0.5 km up to 8 km. The pixel sizes of these satellites are much greater than for maximal error of the least precise method presented in this paper. Therefore, the chosen method will be important when the resolution of geostationary EO satellites reaches 50 m. To validate the parallax correction, procedure data from on-ground radars and the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite, which describes stormy events, was compared before and after correction. Comparison was performed by correlating the logarithm of the cloud optical thickness (COT) with radar reflectance in dBZ (radar reflectance – Z in logarithmic form).

scholarly journals Reliability Evaluation of the Joint Observation of Cloud Top Height by FY-4A and HIMAWARI-8

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3851
Author(s):  
Qinghui Li ◽  
Xuejin Sun ◽  
Xiaolei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Geostationary Satellite ◽  
Cloud Type ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Geostationary Satellites ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
Cloud Optical Thickness ◽  
Important Measurement

It is well known that the measurement of cloud top height (CTH) is important, and a geostationary satellite is an important measurement method. However, it is difficult for a single geostationary satellite to observe the global CTH, so joint observation by multiple satellites is imperative. We used both active and passive sensors to evaluate the reliability of joint observation of geostationary satellites, which includes consistency and accuracy. We analyzed the error of CTH of FY-4A and HIMAWARI-8 and the consistency between the two satellites and conducted research on the problem of missing measurement (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) has CTH data, but FY-4A/HIMAWARI-8 does not) of the two satellites. The results show that FY-4A and HIMAWARI-8 have good consistency and can be jointly observed, but the measurement of CTH of FY-4A and HIMAWARI-8 has large errors, and the error of FY-4A is greater than that of HIMAWIRI-8. The error of CTH is affected by the CTH, cloud optical thickness (COT) and cloud type, and the consistency between the two satellites is mainly affected by the cloud type. FY-4A and HIMAWARI-8 have the problem of missing measurement. The missing rate of HIMAWARI-8 is greater than that of FY-4A, and the missing rate is not affected by the CTH, COT and surface type. Therefore, although FY-4A and HIMAWARI-8 have good consistency, the error of CTH and the problem of missing measurement still limit the reliability of their joint observation.

scholarly journals Self-monitoring of blood glucose as a basis for diabetes management

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
A. Yu Mayorov ◽  
O. G Melnikova ◽  
Yu. I Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
External Conditions

The article represents the review of issues of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetes treatment. The therapeutic purposes are considered when carrying out SMBG before and after the meals, accepted in Russia, providing an individualization depending on age, existence of severe complications and the risk of hypoglycemia. SMBG frequency is presented at various options of the antidiabetic therapy. The value of carrying out SMBG for the patient and the doctor is discussed. The principles of the work photometric and electrochemical glucometers are given. Issues of accuracy of blood glucose measuring accepted by the International organization for standardization for the systems of SMBG are presented. The reasons of errors to the system evaluation of blood glucose are connected with incorrect hand washing, improper coding of test strips, external conditions (altitude, temperature, humidity), hematocrit, acidosis, hyperlipidemia, concentration of oxygen in blood, exogenous interfering substances (some medicines). The structure and rules of maintaining the diary as the main way of the storage of results of SMBG are presented. Data of the international and Russian studies on an assessment of efficiency of SMBG are shown. The SMBG new methods are discussed in the section on continuous glucose monitoring.

scholarly journals Damage Detection in Structures – Examples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Duvnjak ◽  
Domagoj Damjanović ◽  
Natalia Sabourova ◽  
Niklas Grip ◽  
Ulf Ohlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Modal Shape ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pros And Cons

<p>Damage assessment of structures includes estimation of location and severity of damage. Quite often it is done by using changes of dynamic properties, such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios, determined on undamaged and damaged structures. The basic principle is to use dynamic properties of a structure as indicators of any change of its stiffness and/or mass. In this paper, two new methods for damage detection are presented and compared. The first method is based on comparison of normalised modal shape vectors determined before and after damage. The second method uses so-called &#119897;l-norm regularized finite element model updating. Some important properties of these methods are demonstrated using simulations on a Kirchhoff plate. The pros and cons of the two methods are discussed. Unique aspects of the methods are highlighted.</p>

scholarly journals A simulation experiment as a method for the investigation of the mobility of heavy metals from inundated land

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djokica Petrovic ◽  
Marija Todorovic ◽  
Dragan Manojlovic ◽  
Vojin Krsmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
River Water ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Soils

A simulation experiment was used to study the interaction of river water with different soils (arable land, orchards, meadows, pastures and forestland). The results obtained by sequential extraction before and after the simulation experiment were compared in order to determine the substrates of the heavy metals in inundated land and to evaluate their mobility. Samples of various soils were collected from the region of the future accumulation Lake Bogovina (Serbia) and analyzed for ten elements using AAS, GFAAS and ICP. Investigation of the nature of the association of heavy metals and the identification of their substrates were provided by a five-step sequential extraction. Correlation analysis was used as a method for the determination of the substrates for heavy metals. The good correlation among the microelements and certain macroelements indicated the substrates of the microelements. Manganese and iron had a good correlation with most of the microelements. Calcium had only a few correlations with some microelements. Some elements, such as nickel and cadmium, had one substrate before and another after the simulation experiment.

scholarly journals Fetus Trafficking in Viet Nam – The New Criminal Method of Human Trafficking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1594-1603
Author(s):  
Ha Le Thuy ◽  
Hoang Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Nguyen Quang Bao
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Fetal Stage

When it comes to basic rights of the fetus, including the right to life, theoretical studies around the world on human rights of the fetus still have not reached an agreement on approaches and explanation. Criminal law at the international and national levels still leaves the possibility of protecting the unborn child. Viet Nam’s criminal law is no exception to this trend. In addition, Viet Nam is currently facing human trafficking with new methods and tricks. Children are bought and paid for while still in the womb, then born abroad and given to traffickers. Children are only protected by criminal law for human trafficking if they are born, alive, and detected by the authorities. While the act of trafficking in fetuses is often easily detected by the authorities right from the stage of purchasing and paying, it is not feasible to prosecute this act for human trafficking under the criminal law of Viet Nam. This reduces the criminal law’s ability to suppress crime, at the same time, leaves many fetuses unprotected. Should criminal law be left outside the legal mechanism to protect children while in the fetal stage? This article suggests considering fetus trafficking as a form of human trafficking and to criminalize fetus trafficking. Criminal law should recognize fetus trafficking as a sign of crime or an early stage in the criminal process of human trafficking, because children need special care and protection, including appropriate legal protection before and after birth, due to their physical and mental immaturity.

Нарушение принципа интереса ребенка, рожденного с применением суррогатного материнства// Academy Journal No.10(12), 2018. pp. 28-34

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анастасия Сергеевна Шабанова
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Special Protection

Дети являются наименее защищенной категорией населения, поэтому государства стремятся обеспечить соблюдение прав детей. Ребенок нуждается в специальной охране и заботе, включая надлежащую правовую защиту до и после рождения. Применение новых методов репродукции влечет массу моральных, этических, психологических и правовых проблем. В статье рассматриваются проблемы, приобретающие особую значимость: соотношение принципа наилучшего интереса ребенка с использованием метода суррогатного материнства, а также соотношение норм международного и национального права в данной области отношений. Children are the least protected category of the population, and States therefore seek to ensure respect for the rights of children. The child needs special protection and care, including adequate legal protection, both before and after birth. The use of new methods of reproduction entails a lot of problems both before and after birth. The article deals with the problems of particular importance, as the principle of the best interest of children using the method of surrogacy, as well as the ratio of international and national law in this area of relations.

Comparative Study of Properties of New Packing Materials Based on Polyvinyl Chloride with Various Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
V.S. Sibirtsev ◽  
K.V. Danilova ◽  
M.V. Uspenskaya ◽  
A.Yu. Ivanov ◽  
S.M. Shishlyannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Elastic Light Scattering ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Light Scattering Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medium Resistance

New methods is described for assessing the resistance of packaging and other materials to destruction caused by the action of various factors (such as mechanical stress, moisture, and the vital activity of microorganisms etc.). This method include comparing the strength of samples of the studied materials (SSM), determined before and after 9-day incubation of SSM in liquid nutrient medium (NM) with and without test microorganisms (TM) by day-to-day replacement of 40 vol. % NM on steril medium. Resistance to various types of degradation of a number of new polymer materials based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the addition of 0 to 30 mass. % starch, pectin, polyhydroxybutyrate and bentonite was investigated by the method described. The effect of SSM on the growth and metabolic activity in liquid NM of Lactobacillus acidophilus was also studied (according to the dynamics of changes in the elastic light scattering intensity, pH, and electrical conductivity of NM during the first 9 hours of its incubation in the presence of SSM and TM). As a result, it was shown that if it is necessary to increase the overall degradability of such materials (including biodegradability), it is better to use from 5 to 10 mass. % starch as additives to their PVC base. If it is necessary to increase the biodegradability of such materials, it is better to use from 5 to 10 mass. % polyhydroxybutyrate as additives to their PVC base. Аnd if it is necessary to increase the biostability of constructed PVC-materials, it is better to use from 5 to 15 mass .% bentonite as additives to their PVC base.

The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) for evaluation of the esophagogastric junction

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G377-G384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry P. McMahon ◽  
Jens B. Frøkjær ◽  
Peter Kunwald ◽  
Donghua Liao ◽  
Peter Funch-Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophagogastric Junction ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
Functional Lumen Imaging Probe ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Dynamic Technique ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Difficult Cases

There is a need for new methods to study the dynamics of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). The aims were to verify the efficacy and usefulness of a “functional lumen imaging probe” (FLIP) for the evaluation of the EGJ. Eight healthy volunteers (6 men), median age 26 (21–35) yr, and two achalasia patients underwent the FLIP procedure. The EGJ was located by manometry. The FLIP measured eight cross-sectional areas (CSAs) 4 mm apart together with the pressure inside a saline-filled cylindrical bag. The data showed the geometric profile of the EGJ reconstructed in a video animation of its dynamic activity. A plot of curve-fitted data for the smallest CSA vs. pressure after balloon distension indicated that the pressure increased from 18 cmH2O at a CSA of 38 mm2 to a pressure of 37 cmH2O at a CSA of 230 mm2 for the healthy controls. In one achalasia patient (unsuccessfully treated with dilations), the CSA never rose above the minimal measurable value despite the pressure increasing to 50 cmH2O. In another achalasia patient (successfully treated with dilations), the pressure only reached 15 cmH2O despite opening to a CSA of 250 mm2. In conclusion, FLIP represents the first dynamic technique to profile the function and anatomy of the EGJ. The method can be used practically to evaluate difficult cases of EGJ dysfunction and may provide a role in evaluating patients before and after therapies for diseases affecting the EGJ such as achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

scholarly journals Probing the sensitivity of polarimetric O<sub>2</sub> A-band measurements to clouds with emphasis on potential OCO-2 and GOSAT retrievals

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 9603-9671 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanghavi ◽  
M. Lebsock ◽  
G. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Cloud Parameters ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Cloud Height ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Cloud Optical Thickness ◽  
Geometric Thickness

Abstract. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's radiative budget, yet their climate feedbacks are poorly understood. The advent of space-borne high resolution spectrometers probing the O2 A-band, such as the GOSAT and OCO-2 satellites, could make it possible to simultaneously retrieve several cloud parameters that play a vital role in the Earth's radiative budget, thereby allowing a reduction of the corresponding uncertainty due to clouds. In this work, the hyperspectral, polarimetric response of the O2 A-band to mainly three important cloud parameters, viz., optical thickness, top height and droplet size has been studied, revealing a different sensitivity to each for the varying atmospheric absorption strength within the A-band. Cloud optical thickness finds greatest sensitivity in both intensity and polarization measurements at non-absorbing wavelengths. Cloud height had a negligible effect on intensity measurements at non-absorbing wavelengths, but finds maximum sensitivity at an intermediate absorption strength, which increases with cloud height. The same is found to hold for cloud geometric thickness, except that the sensitivity is weaker. Sensitivity to droplet size is generally weaker than to cloud optical thickness to top height at non-absorbing wavelengths and diminishes further with increasing absorption strength. It has been shown that significantly more information on droplet size can be drawn from multiangular measurements. Our results show that, in the absence of sunglint, the backscatter direction is richer in information on droplet size, especially in the glory and rainbow regions. It has been shown that I and Q generally have differing sensitivities to cloud parameters. Thus, accurate measurements of both orthogonal components Ih and Iv (as in GOSAT) are expected to contain more information than measurements of only I, Ih or Iv (as in the case of OCO-2).

scholarly journals Reading Newspaper Articles as a Motivation Tool for Students with Nonlinguistic Major

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Aliya A. Singatullova ◽  
Liliya R. Sakaeva ◽  
Guljusa K. Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
New Methods ◽  
English Reading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reading Activities ◽  
Very High ◽  
Newspaper Articles

<p>This article deals with the motives and attitudes of students with nonlinguistic major studying English as a foreign language in a higher educational institution. Nowadays, having a good command of English both oral and written is a prerequisite for a successful promotion in every field, students must learn how to communicate by means of a foreign language on a very high level. The aim of this paper is to show the efficiency of reading activities for motivating students during their studies, as well as to emphasize the relevance of reading authentic newspaper articles. Significance of the work is contained in finding and using new methods and teaching means for improvement of students’ competence in reading in a foreign language. Results of the empirical study conducted by the authors represent evaluation of authentic newspaper articles’ potential for reading comprehension in a classroom and, furthermore, demonstrate effectiveness of this method for EFL and ESL teaching. In other words, the use of authentic text materials from modern Russian and English newspapers with their adaptation and application of various types of communicative tasks before and after the process of reading has been proved to increase the motivation of students to learn English. Reading newspaper articles, therefore, has been also detected to be an effective tool for development of intercultural competences. The experimental part of the investigation was conducted in the Kazan Federal University (Russia), and consisted of a questionnaire that was filled in anonymously by various groups of students, answers to which helped to determine the popularity of reading newspapers among students.</p>

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