scholarly journals Rapid Mangrove Forest Loss and Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans) Expansion in the Niger Delta, 2007–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Chukwuebuka Nwobi ◽  
Mathew Williams ◽  
Edward T. A. Mitchard
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Nipa Palm

Mangrove forests in the Niger Delta are very valuable, providing ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, fish nurseries, coastal protection, and aesthetic values. However, they are under threat from urbanization, logging, oil pollution, and the proliferation of the invasive Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans). However, there are no reliable data on the current extent of mangrove forest in the Niger Delta, its rate of loss, or the rate of colonization by the invasive Nipa Palm. Here, we estimate the area of Nipa Palm and mangrove forests in the Niger Delta in 2007 and 2017, using 567 ground control points, Advanced Land Observatory Satellite Phased Array L-band SAR (ALOS PALSAR), Landsat and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model 2000 (SRTM DEM). We performed the classification using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The classification results showed SVM (overall accuracy 93%) performed better than ML (77%). Producers (PA) and User’s accuracy (UA) for the best SVM classification were above 80% for most classes; however, these were considerably lower for Nipa Palm (PA—32%, UA—30%). We estimated a 2017 mangrove area of 801,774 ± 34,787 ha (±95% Confidence Interval) ha and Nipa Palm extent of 11,447 ± 7343 ha. Our maps show a greater landward extent than other reported products. The results indicate a 12% (7–17%) decrease in mangrove area and 694 (0–1304)% increase in Nipa Palm. Mapping efforts should continue for policy targeting and monitoring. The mangroves of the Niger Delta are clearly in grave danger from both rapid clearance and encroachment by the invasive Nipa Palm. This is of great concern given the dense carbon stocks and the value of these mangroves to local communities for generating fish stocks and protection from extreme events.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Variation of Stand Structure and Aboveground Biomass in Niger Delta Mangrove Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuebuka J. Nwobi ◽  
Mathew Williams
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nipa Palm

Mangrove forests are important coastal wetlands because of the ecosystem services they provide especially their carbon potential. Mangrove forests productivity in the Niger Delta are poorly quantified and at risk of loss from oil pollution, deforestation, and invasive species. Here, we report the most extensive stem girth survey yet of mangrove plots for stand and canopy structure in the Niger Delta, across tidal and disturbance gradients. We established twenty-five geo-referenced 0.25-ha plots across two estuarine basins. We estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) from established allometric equations based on stem surveys. Leaf area index (LAI) was recorded using hemispherical photos. We estimated a mean AGB of 83.7 Mg ha–1 with an order of magnitude range, from 11 to 241 Mg ha–1. We found significantly higher plot biomass in close proximity to a protected site and tidal channels, and the lowest in the sites where urbanization and wood exploitation was actively taking place. The mean LAI was 1.45 and ranged fivefold from 0.46 to 2.41 and there was a significant positive correlation between AGB and LAI (R2 = 0.31). We divided the plots into two disturbance regimes and three nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) invasion levels. Lower stem diameter (5–15 cm) accounted for 70% of the total biomass in disturbed plots, while undisturbed regimes had a more even (∼25%) contribution of different diameter at breast height (DBH) size classes to AGB. Nipa palm invasion also showed a significant link to larger variations in LAI and the proportion of basal area removed from plots. We conclude that mangrove forest degradation and exploitation is removing larger stems (>15 cm DBH), preferentially from these mangroves forests and creates an avenue for nipa palm colonization. This research identifies opportunities to manage the utilization of mangrove resources and reduce any negative impact. Our data can be used with remote sensing to estimate biomass in the Niger Delta and the inclusion of soil, leaf properties and demographic rates can analyze mangrove-nipa competition in the region.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI JENIS MANGROVE DAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KAWASAN MANGROVE DESA SAYOANG, HALMAHERA SELATAN, MALUKU UTARA Mangrove Species Compotition and Community Knowledge of Mangrove Area in Sayoang Village, Distric of South Halmahera

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Omo Rusdiana ◽  
Fajar Alif Sam Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Total Respondent ◽  
The Government

The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia is currently only spanning as much as 3.4 milion acres, so there is a need for the participation of the government and community to maintain its sustainability. South Halmahera is the district with the largest mangrove area in the North Maluku Province. One of the mangrove areas in the District of South Halmahera is located at Sayoang Village, East Bacan Subdistrict Up until its eleventh founding anniversary, this district have never conducted an inventorizing of its mangroves, both ecological and social studies in the field of public. This study aims to analyze the compotition of mangrove species in Sayoang Village, East Bacan Subdistrict, South Halmahera, and identify the knowledge of surrounding communities of mangrove areas as protected areas. Data were retrieved using sampling method with applications terraced paths, and analyzed by calculating its important value index (INP) and its index value diversity (IVD). The public social data were taken using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Results obtained from this study show that the mangrove forest in Sayoang Village, East Bacan District, Halmahera, consists of major mangrove species with as many as eleven species belonging to families Rhizophoraceae, Sonneratiaceae, Avicenniaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae, and as many as three species of minor mangrove belonging to families of Loranthaceae, Acanthaceae, and Pteridaceae. The mangrove's species diversity and richness is and low, but it has high evenness. The results showed that 60% of total respondents know the benefit of mangrove as fish habitat, while for mangrove area as conserving areas, 50% of total respondent don't know the status of the area. The cutting problems happened in mangrove areas, 90% of total respondent know the activity and 85% of total respondent think that the logging activities in mangrove area is still allowed. The management activity of mangrove area in Sayoang village hasn't been conducted, either by the community or by local Dinas Kehutanan, and 53% of total respondent still wishing the mangrove can give more benefit economically.Key words: Mangrove forest, mangrove protected areas, community knowledge

scholarly journals Understanding Dynamics of Mangrove Forest on Protected Areas of Hainan Island, China: 30 Years of Evidence from Remote Sensing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liao ◽  
Zhen ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Metternicht
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Wastewater Disposal

Implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires countries to determine targets for the protection, conservation, or restoration of coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests by 2030. Satellite remote sensing provides historical and current data on the distribution and dynamics of mangrove forests, essential baseline data that are needed to design suitable policy interventions. In this study, Landsat time series were used to map trends and dynamics of mangrove change over a time span of 30 years (1987–2017) in protected areas of Hainan Island (China). A support vector machine algorithm was combined with visual interpretation of imagery and result showed alternating periods of expansion and loss of mangrove forest at seven selected sites on Hainan Island. Over this period, there was a net decrease in mangrove area of 9.3%, with anthropic activities such as land conversion for aquaculture, wastewater disposal and discharge, and tourism development appearing to be the likely drivers of this decline in cover. Long-term studies examining trends in land use cover change coupled with assessments of drivers of loss or gain enable the development of evidence based on policy and legislation. This forms the basis of financing of natural reserves of management and institutional capacity building, and facilitates public awareness and participation, including co-management.

scholarly journals The effect of waste on chlorophyll content of leaves and regeneration of mangrove forest at Angke Kapuk Protection Forest, Jakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
FARIDAH LESTARI ◽  
CECEP KUSMANA
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings

Lestari F, Kusmana C. 2015. The effect of waste on chlorophyll content of leaves and regeneration of mangrove forest at Angke Kapuk Protection Forest, Jakarta. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 77-84. Mangrove ecosystem is a transition ecosystem between land and sea. Currently the mangrove forests at Angke Kapuk Protection Forest, North Jakarta has been degraded by large amount waste. In connection with this situation, the forest research was carried out with the aim to consider the effect of waste existence on the chlorophyll content of tree’s leaf and the regeneration of mangrove forests in Angke Kapuk Protection Forest. The results showed that the existence of the waste has no effect on the chlorophyll content of leaves, but it has significant by impact on the regeneration of mangrove forest. This is shown with a density of mangrove seedlings in the less waste-occupied mangrove area is bigger than that of medium and high waste-occupied mangrove areas.

scholarly journals Kajian potensi dan pengembangan ekowisata hutan mangrove di bandar Bakau Puteri Tujuh, Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi ◽  
Yusni Ikhwan Siregar ◽  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Area Survey

Mangrove forest area, Bandar Bakau Puteri Tujuh in Dumai City has been developed into the ecotourism forests. Empirical experience as well as issues about Bandar Bakau Puteri Tujuh such as: tourist motivation mangrove ecotourism activity, environmental pollution and is deemed necessary taken a study to the development of potentials. The main purpose of this research is: (1) to analize factor that attract tourist to conduct mangrove ecotourism activity in mangrove forest Bandar Bakau Puteri Tujuh area (2) calculate carrying capacity mangrove forests area (3) to provide sustainable mangrove forestsecotourism in Puteri Tujuh area. Survey on qualitative and descriptive  approachwere done this study.Data were collected in the questionnaire and deep interview method. The research was carried out in August-Oktober 2015. It appeared that: factor attracting tourists to visit included the hospitality with result 91% tourists argues. Characteristics of the are were of suitable for education ecotourism activity and scenery enjoy ecotourism activity. It is suggestedto create sustainable mangrove ecotourism in Bandar BakauPuteriTujuh (1) Which need to developing more ecotourism activity for tourist. 2) Goverment with area organizer must be add to availability and repair facilities ecotourism mangrove activity (3) Need to Dumai City goverment regulations allotment status area and space arrangement plan Bandar BakauPuteriTujuh sphere as ecotourism mangrove area. 4) Hand over construct and specifically training for organizer about ecotourism development in cohesiveness

scholarly journals Sustainable Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Product Utilization in Thailand

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Onanong Cheablam ◽  
Boontaree Chanklap
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Nipa Palm ◽  
Cigarette Paper

Nipa palms, a plant species in mangrove forest, are valuable and beneficial for the local community’s economy as well as the conservation in the southern region of Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the use of nipa palms in Khanap Nak and focused on the type of products made from nipa palms and the yield of this plant through focus group discussion and interview with the farmers maintaining nipa palm forest. The results suggested that nipa palms in Khanap Nak can yield for 5–100 years. Apart from the benefits to the community in terms of sustainability, as it prevents erosion, it provides sources for the production of food (molasses, granulated sugar, syrup, and vinegar from sap) and raw materials (roofing material and cigarette paper from leaves and stem), which can generate income to community members. It was found that most of the communities earn 90–130 USD/day from palm sugar production. The quantity of nipa palm products varies in each season, resulting in different prices. In this regard, they can produce high quantity of products made from sap from January to March. However, the production of different types of sugar requires local knowledge and wisdom to ensure good quality. Nipa palm production is the sustainable way to utilize mangrove forest resources, leading to effective conservation and good life quality. Regarding problems and difficulties in farming, it was found that natural disaster is a major threat, such as drought, excessive amount of salt or freshwater in certain periods, and insect pests.

scholarly journals Mapping Mangrove Forests of Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve in China Using Landsat 8 and Radarsat-2 Polarimetric SAR Data

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianing Zhen ◽  
Jingjuan Liao ◽  
Guozhuang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Sar Data

Mangrove forests are distributed in intertidal regions that act as a “natural barrier” to the coast. They have enormous ecological, economic, and social value. However, the world’s mangrove forests are declining under immense pressure from anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Accurate information regarding mangrove forests is essential for their protection and restoration. The main objective of this study was to develop a method to improve the classification of mangrove forests using C-band quad-pol Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data (Radarsat-2) and optical data (Landsat 8), and to analyze the spectral and backscattering signatures of mangrove forests. We used a support vector machine (SVM) classification method to classify the land use in Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve (HDNNR). The results showed that the overall accuracy using only optical information was 83.5%. Classification accuracy was improved to a varying extent by the addition of different radar data. The highest overall accuracy was 95.0% based on a combination of SAR and optical data. The area of mangrove forest in the reserve was found to be 1981.7 ha, as determined from the group with the highest classification accuracy. Combining optical data with SAR data could improve the classification accuracy and be significant for mangrove forest conservation.

scholarly journals Identifikasi dan Estimasi Biomassa Hutan Mangrove dengan Menggunakan Citra Landsat (Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddam Chair ◽  
Ketut Wikantika ◽  
Soni Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Mate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mangrove Biomass

AbstrakHutan mangrove memiliki kandungan hutan terpadat di wilayah tropis. Biomassa berhubungan dengan perubahna iklim dan memiliki peran penting dalam siklus kar- bon. Kerusakan mangrove mengakibatkan bertambahnya kandungan karbon pada at- mosfer. Karena itu diperlukan analisis lahan mangrove dan biomassanya untuk men- gurangi dampak kerusakan mangrove. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode klasifi- kasi terbimbing untuk mendapatkan luas hutan mangrove Kabupaten Subang pada tahun 1993, 2003 dan 2013. Metode klasifikasi terbimbing yang digunakan adalah Support Vector Machine karena memiliki akurasi terbaik. Estimasi biomassa dil- akukan dengan menggunakan persamaan allometrik dari nilai NDVI mangrove untuk dilihat persebarannya pada Kabupaten Subang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan luas hutan mangrove dari tahun 1993 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2003 dan tahun 2013 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2003. Rata-rata biomassa hutan man- grove pada Kabupaten subang pada tahun 1993, 2003 dan 2013 berkisar antara 4-5 ton/hektar.Kata kunci: Mangrove, Biomassa, Landsat, Kabupaten Subang, NDVI. AbstractMangrove is the most carbon-rich forest in tropical area. Biomass is related to cli- mate change and has an important role in carbon cycle. Damage to mangrove can increase the amount of carbon in the atmosfer. It is important to analyze mangrove forest and estimate the biomass to reduce the impact of mangrove forest. This research use supervised classification to get mangrove area in Subang regency from 1993, 2003 and 2013. Support vector machine is used because it has the highest accuracy between the other supervised classification. Allometrik equation that based on NDVI is used to estimate the biomass of mangrove. The research result shows mangrove forest in Subamg regency is decreased from 1993 to 2013. The biomass average in Subang regency is ranged between 4-5 ton/hectare.Keywords: Mangrove, Biomass, Landsat, Subang regency, NDVI.

Extraction of inland Nypa fruticans (Nipa Palm) using Support Vector Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel R. Biagtan ◽  
Ronaldo T. Alberto ◽  
J. S. Quibuyen ◽  
S. C. Serrano ◽  
G. B. Damian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Nipa Palm

scholarly journals Long-term effects of oil pollution in mangrove forests (Baixada Santista, Southeast Brazil) detected using a GIS-based multitemporal analysis of aerial photographs

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cavalcanti Maia Santos ◽  
Marília Cunha-Lignon ◽  
Yara Schaeffer-Novelli ◽  
Gilberto Cintrón-Molero
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Multitemporal Analysis

Oil spills are potential threats to the integrity of highly productive coastal wetlands, such as mangrove forests. In October 1983, a mangrove area of nearly 300 ha located on the southeastern coast of Brazil was impacted by a 3.5 million liter crude oil spill released by a broken pipeline. In order to assess the long-term effects of oil pollution on mangrove vegetation, we carried out a GIS-based multitemporal analysis of aerial photographs of the years 1962, 1994, 2000 and 2003. Photointerpretation, visual classification, class quantification, ground-truth and vegetation structure data were combined to evaluate the oil impact. Before the spill, the mangroves exhibited a homogeneous canopy and well-developed stands. More than ten years after the spill, the mangrove vegetation exhibited three distinct zones reflecting the long-term effects of the oil pollution. The most impacted zone (10.5 ha) presented dead trees, exposed substrate and recovering stands with reduced structural development. We suggest that the distinct impact and recovery zones reflect the spatial variability of oil removal rates in the mangrove forest. This study identifies the multitemporal analysis of aerial photographs as a useful tool for assessing a system's capacity for recovery and monitoring the long-term residual effects of pollutants on vegetation dynamics, thus giving support to mangrove forest management and conservation.

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