scholarly journals Measuring Functional Urban Shrinkage with Multi-Source Geospatial Big Data: A Case Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megaregion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiwei Ma ◽  
Zhaoya Gong ◽  
Jing Kang ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Anrong Dang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Clustering Methods

Most of the shrinking cities experience an unbalanced deurbanization across different urban areas in cities. However, traditional ways of measuring urban shrinkage are focused on tracking population loss at the city level and are unable to capture the spatially heterogeneous shrinking patterns inside a city. Consequently, the spatial mechanism and patterns of urban shrinkage inside a city remain less understood, which is unhelpful for developing accommodation strategies for shrinkage. The smart city initiatives and practices have provided a rich pool of geospatial big data resources and technologies to tackle the complexity of urban systems. Given this context, we propose a new measure for the delineation of shrinking areas within cities by introducing a new concept of functional urban shrinkage, which aims to capture the mismatch between urban built-up areas and the areas where significantly intensive human activities take place. Taking advantage of a data fusion approach to integrating multi-source geospatial big data and survey data, a general analytical framework is developed to construct functional shrinkage measures. Specifically, Landsat-8 remote sensing images were used for extracting urban built-up areas by supervised neural network classifications and Geographic Information System tools, while cellular signaling data from China Unicom Inc. was used to depict human activity areas generated by spatial clustering methods. Combining geospatial big data with urban land-use functions obtained from land surveys and Points-Of-Interests data, the framework further enables the comparison between cities from dimensions characterized by indices of spatial and urban functional characteristics and the landscape fragmentation; thus, it has the capacity to facilitate an in-depth investigation of fundamental causes and internal mechanisms of urban shrinkage. With a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megaregion using data from various sources collected for the year of 2018, we demonstrate the validity of this approach and its potential generalizability for other spatial contexts in facilitating timely and better-informed planning decision support.

scholarly journals Modelling urban change with cellular automata: Contemporary issues and future research directions

2019 ◽  
pp. 030913251989530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Michael Batty ◽  
Siqin Wang ◽  
Jonathan Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Dynamics

The study of land use change in urban and regional systems has been dramatically transformed in the last four decades by the emergence and application of cellular automata (CA) models. CA models simulate urban land use changes which evolve from the bottom-up. Despite notable achievements in this field, there remain significant gaps between urban processes simulated in CA models and the actual dynamics of evolving urban systems. This article identifies contemporary issues faced in developing urban CA models and draws on this evidence to map out four interrelated thematic areas that require concerted attention by the wider CA urban modelling community. These are: (1) to build models that comprehensively capture the multi-dimensional processes of urban change, including urban regeneration, densification and gentrification, in-fill development, as well as urban shrinkage and vertical urban growth; (2) to establish models that incorporate individual human decision behaviours into the CA analytic framework; (3) to draw on emergent sources of ‘big data’ to calibrate and validate urban CA models and to capture the role of human actors and their impact on urban change dynamics; and (4) to strengthen theory-based CA models that comprehensively explain urban change mechanisms and dynamics. We conclude by advocating cellular automata that embed agent-based models and big data input as the most promising analytical framework through which we can enhance our understanding and planning of the contemporary urban change dynamics.

scholarly journals THE URBIS PROJECT: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT AREAS AS A WEB-BASED SERVICE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Nina Manzke ◽  
Martin Kada ◽  
Thomas Kastler ◽  
Shaojuan Xu ◽  
Norbert de Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
End Users ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Site Specific

Urban sprawl and the related landscape fragmentation is a Europe-wide challenge in the context of sustainable urban planning. The URBan land recycling Information services for Sustainable cities (URBIS) project aims for the development, implementation, and validation of web-based information services for urban vacant land in European functional urban areas in order to provide end-users with site specific characteristics and to facilitate the identification and evaluation of potential development areas. The URBIS services are developed based on open geospatial data. In particular, the Copernicus Urban Atlas thematic layers serve as the main data source for an initial inventory of sites. In combination with remotely sensed data like SPOT5 images and ancillary datasets like OpenStreetMap, detailed site specific information is extracted. Services are defined for three main categories: i) baseline services, which comprise an initial inventory and typology of urban land, ii) update services, which provide a regular inventory update as well as an analysis of urban land use dynamics and changes, and iii) thematic services, which deliver specific information tailored to end-users' needs.

scholarly journals Smart Urban Planning: Evaluating Urban Logistics Performance of Innovative Solutions and Sustainable Policies in the Venice Lagoon—the Results of a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mazzarino ◽  
Lucio Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Freight

Currently, remarkable gaps of operational, social and environmental efficiency and overall sub-optimization of the logistics and mobility systems exist in urban areas. There is then the need to promote and assess innovative transport solutions and policy-making within SUMPs (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans) to deal with such critical issues in order to improve urban sustainability. The paper focuses on the case study of the Venice Lagoon, where islands—despite representing a relevant feature of urban planning—face a tremendous lack of accessibility, depopulation, social cohesion and they turn out to be poorly connected. By developing an original scenario-building methodological framework and performing data collection activities, the purpose of the paper consists of assessing the feasibility of a mixed passenger and freight transport system —sometimes called cargo hitching. Mixed passenger and freight systems/cargo hitching are considered as an innovative framework based on the integration of freight and passenger urban systems and resources to optimize the existing transport capacity, and thus, urban sustainability. Results show that the overall existing urban transport capacity can accommodate urban freight flows on main connections in the Lagoon. The reduction in spare public transport capacity, as well as in the number (and type) of circulating freight boats show—in various scenarios—the degree of optimization of the resulting urban network configuration and the positive impacts on urban sustainability. This paves the way for the regulatory framework to adopt proposed solutions.

Non-linear interactions of urban and freshwater systems: Exploring implications for sustainability and water planning and management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Angarita ◽  
Vishal Mehta ◽  
Efraín Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Freshwater System

<p>Human population is progressing into a predominantly urban configuration. Currently, 3.5 billion people – 55% of the total human population – live in urban areas, with an increase to 6.68 billion (68%) projected by 2050. In this progressively more populated world, a central issue of sustainability assessments is understanding the role of cities as entities that, despite their comparatively small physical footprint (less than 0.5% of the global area) demand resources at regional and global scales.</p><p>Many of the resources that sustain urban population directly depend on the freshwater system: from direct fluxes from/to the immediate environment of cities for water supply or waste elimination, to water-dependent activities like biomass (food, biofuels, fibers) and energy production. Urban and freshwater system interactions are subject to multiple sources of non-linearity. Factors like the patterns of size or spatial distribution and interconnection of groups of cities; or the nested and hierarchical character of freshwater systems, can vastly influence the amount of resources required to sustain and grow urban population; likewise, equivalent resource demands can be met through different management strategies that vary substantially in their cumulative pressure exerted on the freshwater system.</p><p>Here we explore the non-linear character of those interactions, to i. identify water management options to avoid, minimize or offset regional impacts of growing urban populations, and ii. explore long term implications of such non-linearities in sustained resource base of urban areas. We propose a framework integrating three elements: 1. properties of the size and spatial distribution of urban center sizes, 2. scaling regime of urban energy resource dependencies, and 3. scaling regime of associated physical and ecological impacts in freshwater systems.</p><p>An example of this approach is presented in a case study in the Magdalena River Basin – MRB (Colombia). The basin covers nearly one quarter of Colombia’s national territory and provides sustenance to 36 million people, with three quarters of basin inhabitants living in medium to large urban settlements of populations of 12 000 or more inhabitants and 50% concentrated in the 15 largest cities. The case study results indicate that freshwater-mediated resource dependencies of urban population are described by a linear or super-linear regime that indicates a lack of scale economies, however, freshwater systems’ capacity to assimilate those resource demands is characterized by a sublinear regime. As a result, current practices and technological approaches to couple freshwater and urban systems will not be able to withstand the resource demands of mid-term future population scenarios.  Our approach allows to quantify the projected gaps to achieve a sustained resource base for urban systems in MRB.</p>

scholarly journals Temporal changes in greenspace in a highly urbanized region

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dallimer ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Peter R. Bibby ◽  
Paul Brindley ◽  
Kevin J. Gaston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Urbanized Region ◽  
The Impact

The majority of the world's population now lives in towns and cities, and urban areas are expanding faster than any other land-use type. In response to this phenomenon, two opposing arguments have emerged: whether cities should ‘sprawl’ into the wider countryside, or ‘densify’ through the development of existing urban greenspace. However, these greenspaces are increasingly recognized as being central to the amelioration of urban living conditions, supporting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision. Taking the highly urbanized region of England as a case study, we use data from a variety of sources to investigate the impact of national-level planning policy on temporal patterns in the extent of greenspace in cities. Between 1991 and 2006, greenspace showed a net increase in all but one of 13 cities. However, the majority of this gain occurred prior to 2001, and greenspace has subsequently declined in nine cities. Such a dramatic shift in land use coincides with policy reforms in 2000, which favoured densification. Here, we illustrate the dynamic and policy-responsive nature of urban land use, thereby highlighting the need for a detailed investigation of the trade-offs associated with different mechanisms of urban densification to optimize and secure the diverse benefits associated with greenspaces.

scholarly journals NDVI Based Assessment of Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS (A case study of Srinagar district, Kashmir)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perminder Singh ◽  
Ovais Javeed
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Thematic Mapping

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index of greenness or photosynthetic activity in a plant. It is a technique of obtaining  various features based upon their spectral signature  such as vegetation index, land cover classification, urban areas and remaining areas presented in the image. The NDVI differencing method using Landsat thematic mapping images and Landsat oli  was implemented to assess the chane in vegetation cover from 2001to 2017. In the present study, Landsat TM images of 2001 and landsat 8 of 2017 were used to extract NDVI values. The NDVI values calculated from the satellite image of the year 2001 ranges from 0.62 to -0.41 and that of the year 2017 shows a significant change across the whole region and its value ranges from 0.53 to -0.10 based upon their spectral signature .This technique is also  used for the mapping of changes in land use  and land cover.  NDVI method is applied according to its characteristic like vegetation at different NDVI threshold values such as -0.1, -0.09, 0.14, 0.06, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.5. The NDVI values were initially computed using the Natural Breaks (Jenks) method to classify NDVI map. Results confirmed that the area without vegetation, such as water bodies, as well as built up areas and barren lands, increased from 35 % in 2001 to 39.67 % in 2017.Key words: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,land use/landcover, spectral signature 

Assessing the impact of the urban landscape on heat wave episodes: a case study of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gara Villalba ◽  
Sergi Ventura ◽  
Joan Gilabert ◽  
Alberto Martilli ◽  
Alba Badia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Surface Model

<p>Currently, around 54% of the world's population is living in urban areas and this number is projected to increase by 66% by 2050. In the past years, cities have been experiencing heat wave episodes that affect the population. As the modern urban landscape is continually evolving, with green spaces and parks becoming a more integral component and with suburbs expanding outward from city centres into previously rural, agricultural, and natural areas, we need tools to learn how to best implement planning strategies that minimize heat waves.  In this study we use the Weather and Research Forecasting model (WRF) with a multi-layer layer scheme, the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) coupled with the Building Energy Model (BEP+BEM, Salamanca and Martilli, 2010) to take into account the energy consumption of buildings and anthropogenic heat generated by air conditioning systems. The urban canopy scheme takes into account city morphology (e.g. building and street canyon geometry) and surface characteristics (e.g. albedo, heat capacity, emissivity, urban/vegetation fraction). The Community Land Surface Model (CLM) is used in WRF that uses 16 different plant functional types (PFTs) as the basis for land-use differentiation.  Furthermore, we use the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification which has 11 urban land use categories with specific thermal, radiative and geometric parameters of the buildings and ground to compute the heat and momentum fluxes in the urban areas.  The objective is to validate the model and establish relationships between urban morphology and land use with temperature, so that the model can be used to simulate land use scenarios to investigate the effectiveness of different mitigation strategies to lower urban temperatures during the summer months.</p><p> </p><p>We test the methods with the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) as a case study. The AMB is representative of the Mediterranean climate, with mild winters and hot summers. With a heterogeneous urban landscape, the AMB covers 636 km<sup>2 </sup>(34% built, 23% agricultural, and 31% vegetation) and has more than five million habitants. We simulate the heat wave that occurred in August 2018, during which temperatures stayed between 30 and 40ºC for five consecutive days and compare results with observed data from five different weather stations. We then simulate a potential scenario changing land surface from built to vegetation, in accordance with Barcelona´s strategic climate plan, and the potential impact the land use change has on reducing heat wave episodes.</p>

scholarly journals Farmers’ Participation in Territorial Planning: A Methodological Approach for the Case Study of Huerta de Valencia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 351-355
Author(s):  
Stefano Corsi ◽  
Chiara Mazzocchi ◽  
Giovanni Mottadelli ◽  
Guido Sali
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Territory Management ◽  
Competition For Resources

Participation in planning has become progressively important in territory management. As regards Territorial Planning, farmers are among the main stakeholders. In fact multifunctionality of agriculture admits a new role to primary sector. In particular the management of open areas is particularly strategic in peri-urban areas, where competition for resources is highest than in other areas, especially for the land. In this context, the involvement of farmers as privileged stakeholders to land management is even more important. This paper proposes a methodological approach for the evaluation of peri-urban land use plans by farmers. In particular, it has been considered the "Territorial Action Plan of Valencias Huerta (TAPVH).

scholarly journals Improving the accessibility to public schools in urban areas of developing countries through a location model and an analytical framework

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262520
Author(s):  
Jesica de Armas ◽  
Helena Ramalhinho ◽  
Marta Reynal-Querol
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
School Network

The location of primary public schools in urban areas of developing countries is the focus of this study. In such areas, new schools and modification of the current schools are required, and this process should be developed using rational and broad supporting tools for decision makers, such as optimization models. We propose a realistic coverage location model and a framework to analyze the location of schools. Our approach considers the existing schools and their resizing, the best locations of the new schools that may have different capacities, population coverage, walking distances and budget provisions for building and updating schools. As a case study, we assess the current primary school network in Ciudad Benito Juarez to provide managerial insights. Through the proposed framework, we analyze the current locations of schools and decisions to be made by considering future scenarios in different time periods. The proposed model is quite flexible and easy to adapt to new considerations, allowing it to be applied to regions in developing countries under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Analytical Framework to Build Predictive and Optimization Functions From Manufacturing Industry Sensor Data Using Cross Sectional Sharing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskaran R ◽  
K Kalaiselvi ◽  
D. Murali ◽  
R. Venkateswara Reddy ◽  
G.Naga Rama Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Base Management ◽  
Big Data Storage

Abstract Nowadays in industry sensor data are used. This needs to be shared in many areas for making the prediction. Also, it needs to be optimized for making the things to do automatically. This paper proposes a novel analytical framework to build predictive and optimization functions from manufacturing industry sensor data using cross sectional sharing which combines all different types of operation in a cross-sectional lab, which is a cooperative site in which huge quantities of data from numerous sites are composed as well as managed in a terrific way. The predictions and the optimization are made possible and store the same using the big data storage. Big Data Storage as well as Analytics Platform; Development Tools; Modelling Tools for Imitation Concepts as well as Power Framework are carried over in cross sectional lab. This is making the relations ship entities using Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS). Various apache versions are used for the implementation of this which acts in a cloud platform. In the case study, the mean and variance were calculated and plotted.

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