scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Inverse Estimation of Horizontal Air Temperature Distribution in Built Spaces Using a Ground-Based Thermal Infrared Spectroradiometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Ryuta Tsurumi ◽  
Takashi Asawa ◽  
Haruki Oshio
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Current Measuring ◽  
Inverse Estimation

Air temperature is an important physical indicator for urban and architectural environments; however, it is difficult to obtain its distributive characteristics by field measurements owing to the limitations of current measuring instruments. In this context, this study was conducted to demonstrate whether a small and portable ground-based thermal infrared spectroradiometer can be used to estimate the horizontal air temperature distribution in built spaces. For this estimation, we first calculated a forward model using radiative transfer simulations, and the air temperature distribution was inversely estimated from the observed radiance using the model. To regularize the estimated air temperature, we used the maximum a posteriori method, which uses prior information. To verify this estimation method, we conducted measurement experiments in two types of built spaces that had different air temperature distributions within spaces that were approximately 20 m long. Moreover, we conducted a parametric case study on the prior information. As a result, we were able to estimate the air temperature distribution with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.3 °C for all cases when the average RMSE of the prior information for all cases was 2.1 °C. This improvement in the RMSE indicates that this method is able to remotely estimate the horizontal air temperature distribution in built spaces.

Air Temperature Distribution Inside of a Longitudinal Highway Tunnel: A Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 6384-6389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Han ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
State Theory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Temperature Enhancement ◽  
The One ◽  
General Method

With the development of tunneling technology and the increase of transportation, the mobiles are discharging more and more heat into the tunnel nowadays, which will cause the temperature enhancement. In this paper, general method of calculating the heat discharge is studied, and temperature distribution in the tunnels, which use different ventilation systems, is studied according to the one-dimensional steady state theory. One tunnel is taken for example to calculate the temperature distribution. The result can b e used in the relevant design and research.

Sediment transport under dry weather conditions in a small sewer system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter ◽  
Kjeld Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Initial Results

Increased knowledge of the processes which govern the transport of solids in sewers is necessary in order to develop more reliable and applicable sediment transport models for sewer systems. Proper validation of these are essential. For that purpose thorough field measurements are imperative. This paper renders initial results obtained in an ongoing case study of a Danish combined sewer system in Frejlev, a small town southwest of Aalborg, Denmark. Field data are presented concerning estimation of the sediment transport during dry weather. Finally, considerations on how to approach numerical modelling is made based on numerical simulations using MOUSE TRAP (DHI 1993).

scholarly journals The Temperature of Halite Crystallization in the Badenian Saline Basins, in the Context of Paleoclimate Reconstruction of the Carpathian Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Anatoliy R. Galamay ◽  
Krzysztof Bukowski ◽  
Igor M. Zinczuk ◽  
Fanwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Paleoclimate Reconstruction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Primary Fluid

Currently, fluid inclusions in halite have been frequently studied for the purpose of paleoclimate reconstruction. For example, to determine the air temperature in the Middle Miocene (Badenian), we examine single-phase primary fluid inclusions of the bottom halites (chevron and full-faceted) and near-surface (cumulate) halites collected from the salt-bearing deposits of the Carpathian region. Our analyses showed that the temperatures of near-bottom brines varied in ranges from 19.5 to 22.0 °C and 24.0 to 26.0 °C, while the temperatures of the surface brines ranged from 34.0 to 36.0 °C. Based on these data, such as an earlier study of lithology and sedimentary structures of the Badenian rock salts, the crystallization of bottom halite developed in the basin from concentrated and cooled near-surface brines of about 30 m depth. Our results comply with the data on the temperature distribution in the modern Dead Sea.

A magnetic field simulating device for current measuring instruments testing purpose

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Samplón-Chalmeta ◽  
Antonio Usón ◽  
Jesús Letosa ◽  
Joaquín Mur-Amada
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Current Measuring

Corrosion Metal Loss Interaction From In-Line Inspection and How it Can Affect the Calculated Failure Pressure

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Smart ◽  
Richard McNealy ◽  
Harvey Haines
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Data Correlation ◽  
Failure Pressure ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Flux Leakage

In-Line Inspection (ILI) is used to prioritize metal loss conditions based on predicted failure pressure in accordance with methods prescribed in industry standards such as ASME B31G-2009. Corrosion may occur in multiple areas of metal loss that interact and may result in a lower failure pressure than if flaws were analyzed separately. The B31G standard recommends a flaw interaction criterion for ILI metal loss predictions within a longitudinal and circumferential spacing of 3 times wall thickness, but cautions that methods employed for clustering of ILI anomalies should be validated with results from direct measurements in the ditch. Recent advances in non-destructive examination (NDE) and data correlation software have enabled reliable comparisons of ILI burst pressure predictions with the results from in-ditch examination. Data correlation using pattern matching algorithms allows the consideration of detection and reporting thresholds for both ILI and field measurements, and determination of error in the calculated failure pressure prediction attributable to the flaw interaction criterion. This paper presents a case study of magnetic flux leakage ILI failure pressure predictions compared with field results obtained during excavations. The effect of interaction criterion on calculated failure pressure and the probability of an ILI measurement underestimating failure pressure have been studied. We concluded a reason failure pressure specifications do not exist for ILI measurements is because of the variety of possible interaction criteria and data thresholds that can be employed, and demonstrate herein a method for their validation.

Half division two-dimensional method for simple sinusoidal quantities parameters accurate measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Kirill Yu. Solomentsev ◽  
Vyacheslav I. Lachin ◽  
Aleksandr E. Pasenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Precision Measuring ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Midpoint Method ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Current Measuring

Several variants of half division two-dimensional method are proposed, which is the basis of a fundamentally new approach for constructing measuring instruments for sinusoidal or periodic electrical quantities. These measuring instruments are used in the diagnosis of electric power facilities. The most general variant, called midpoint method, is considered. The proposed midpoint method allows you to measure much smaller than using widespread methods, alternating currents or voltages, especially when changing the amplitude of the measured signal in very wide ranges, by 1–2 orders of magnitude. It is shown that using the midpoint method it is possible to suppress sinusoidal or periodic interference in the measuring path, in particular, to measure small alternating current when sinusoidal or periodic interference is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the useful signal. Based on the results of comparative tests, it was found that the current measuring device implementing the midpoint method is an order of magnitude more sensitive than the currently used high-precision measuring instruments.

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