scholarly journals Impact of Structural, Photochemical and Instrumental Effects on Leaf and Canopy Reflectance Variability in the 500–600 nm Range

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Adrián Moncholi-Estornell ◽  
Shari Van Wittenberghe ◽  
Maria Pilar Cendrero-Mateo ◽  
Luis Alonso ◽  
Zbyněk Malenovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Region ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Transient Time ◽  
Vegetation Indexes ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reflectance Indices

Current rapid technological improvement in optical radiometric instrumentation provides an opportunity to develop innovative measurements protocols where the remote quantification of the plant physiological status can be determined with higher accuracy. In this study, the leaf and canopy reflectance variability in the PRI spectral region (i.e., 500–600 nm) is quantified using different laboratory protocols that consider both instrumental and experimental set-up aspects, as well as canopy structural effects and vegetation photoprotection dynamics. First, we studied how an incorrect characterization of the at-target incoming radiance translated into an erroneous vegetation reflectance spectrum and consequently in an incorrect quantification of reflectance indices such as PRI. The erroneous characterization of the at-target incoming radiance translated into a 2% overestimation and a 31% underestimation of estimated chlorophyll content and PRI-related vegetation indexes, respectively. Second, we investigated the dynamic xanthophyll pool and intrinsic Chl vs. Car long-term pool changes affecting the entire 500–600 nm spectral region. Consistent spectral behaviors were observed for leaf and canopy experiments. Sun-adapted plants showed a larger optical change in the PRI range and a higher capacity for photoprotection during the light transient time when compared to shade-adapted plants. Outcomes of this work highlight the importance of well-established spectroscopy sampling protocols to detect the subtle photochemical features which need to be disentangled from the structural and biological effects.

Rapid, Refined, and Robust Method for Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Human Amyloid-beta M1-42

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Prakash ◽  
Travis Lantz ◽  
Krupal P. Jethava ◽  
Gaurav Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients primarily consists of amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42). Commercially, Ab42 is synthetized using peptide synthesizers. We describe a robust methodology for expression of recombinant human Ab(M1-42) in Rosetta(DE3)pLysS and BL21(DE3)pLysS competent E. coli with refined and rapid analytical purification techniques. The peptide is isolated and purified from the transformed cells using an optimized set-up for reverse-phase HPLC protocol, using commonly available C18 columns, yielding high amounts of peptide (~15-20 mg per 1 L culture) in a short time. The recombinant Ab(M1-42) forms characteristic aggregates similar to synthetic Ab42 aggregates as verified by western blots and atomic force microscopy to warrant future biological use. Our rapid, refined, and robust technique to purify human Ab(M1-42) can be used to synthesize chemical probes for several downstream in vitro and in vivo assays to facilitate AD research.

Isolation and characterization of oleochemical compounds from watermelon seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Madhubhushan M ◽  
Seshaiah S ◽  
Chandrudu J ◽  
Sagar R ◽  
Akila CR
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fatty Esters ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Natural Gradation

The common watermelon item (Citrullus lanatus) seeds were gained from castoffs verdant nourishments for use by decorating, sun ventilation and pulverizing. Light yellow-toned oil was gotten by dissolvable withdrawal using oil atmosphere and the going with traits were gotten using oil ether: pH, refractive rundown, thickness, dissolvable miscibility, coagulating temperature, fire nature, express gravity, streak point and warmth of consuming. With a shallow level of unsaturation, stepped level of smoothness, and proximity of raised degree of the sensible proportion of free unsaturated fats. The low assessment of the solidifying temperature of the oil offered a hint that the oil can be managed in various areas paying little heed to the qualification in temperature. The following level of linoleic destructive of the oil offers a hint of natural gradation of solidarity. Fatty esters are increasing expanding significance as a biodegradable swap for mineral oils. In some request regions, for example, cutting tool oil, gearbox, pressure-driven oils, and greases for raw petroleum creation, the oleochemical items are set up. Nonetheless, certain particular wellsprings of fatty esters are hitherto to be abused for this comparative reason. This exploration subsequently tests into one of the less used wellsprings of fatty esters in watermelon. The oil from the kernels demonstrations a top-notch yield presents significant utilitarian gatherings for change and thus was utilized to set up an assortment of oleochemicals which demonstrated excellence materials in contrast with the routinely utilized oils feed frameworks for oleochemicals after portrayal. The photopolymers acquired indicated piercing vinyl protons for consistent polymerize.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical properties of 'sucupira' (Pterodon spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Hansen ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Antonio Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The plant of the genus Pterodon (Fabaceae, Leguminosae), commonly known as 'sucupira' or 'faveira', are disseminated throughout the central region of Brazil and has frequently been used in popular medicine for its anti-rheumatic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, interest in these plants has increased considerably. The biological effects of different phytoextracts and pure metabolites have been investigated in several experimental models in vivo and in vitro. The literature describes flavonoids, triterpene and steroids, while one paper presented studies with proteins isolated from the genus. This review provides an overview of phytochemical and pharmacological research in Pterodon, showing the main chemical compounds studied to date, and focusing on the relationship between these molecules and their biological activity. Furthermore, this study paves the way for more in-depth investigation, isolation and characterization of the molecules of this plant genus.

scholarly journals Design of a Low-Noise, Fast Set-up and Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Featuring 230mA Load Current Range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshil Patel
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Transient Time ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Fast Transient ◽  
Low Dropout Regulator ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ldo Regulator

Low noise, high PSRR and fast transient low-dropout (LDO) regulators are critical for analog blocks such as ADCs, PLLs and RF SOC, etc. This paper presents design of low power, fast transient, high PSRR and high load-regulation low-dropout (LDO) regulator. The proposed LDO regulator is designed in 180nm. CMOS process and simulated in LTSpice and Cadence platform. The LDO proposed can support input voltage range up to 5V for loading currents up to 230mA. Measurements showed transient time or set-up time of less than 22µs, PSRR of ~66dB at 100kHz and >40dB at 1MHz and 0.8535mV of output voltage variation for a 0-230mA of load variation.

scholarly journals GTEM Cell Experimental Set up for In Vitro Dosimetry

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Giovanna Calò ◽  
Francesco Lattarulo ◽  
Vincenzo Petruzzelli
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gtem Cell ◽  
In Vitro Dosimetry

A GTEM cell, suitable for assessing possible biological effects induced on cell samples by electromagnetic fields at the typical frequencies of GSM mobile phones, has been designed and set up. Basic environmental requirements for in-vitro biological experiments, involving a GTEM cell, have been assessed by controlling the electromagnetic field distribution and survival conditions. The GTEM cell has been characterized by Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurements. The impedance matching at the terminal load section has been optimized by considering different hybridload configurations. Moreover, optimal exposure conditions forthe biological sample have been experimentally evaluated by paying special attention to the E-field scenario inside the GTEM cell at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequencies. At last, an experimental evaluation of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is reported.

scholarly journals Experimental tests for characterization of GPR antenna patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5 Sup.) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pettinelli ◽  
N. Pierdicca ◽  
S. Piro ◽  
L. Versino
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Antenna Radiation ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Antenna Radiation Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

Detection and location of buried structures using the electromagnetic impulsive methodologies (GPR) require the study of the spatial distribution of energy irradiated by an antenna into the ground and the mechanisms of wave propagation and scattering from relevant targets. Evaluation of the difference in wave field distribution in the ground with respect to free space can provide some useful indications on the propagation of the Geo-radar signal in the ground and the spatial resolution capability of the GPR method. For this reason, a research group, involving “La Sapienza” University, Rome and the National Research Council began, during 1992, to perform studies on antenna radiation pattern, the propagation and scattering phenomena of GPR. This paper presents the experimental set up and the obtained results on the antenna radiation pattern.

scholarly journals Visual Biochemistry: modular microfluidics enables kinetic insight from time-resolved cryo-EM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Märt-Erik Mäeots ◽  
Byungjin Lee ◽  
Andrea Nans ◽  
Seung-Geun Jeong ◽  
Mohammad M. N. Esfahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Biophysical Analysis ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Set Up

AbstractMechanistic understanding of biochemical reactions requires structural and kinetic characterization of the underlying chemical processes. However, no single experimental technique can provide this information in a broadly applicable manner and thus structural studies of static macromolecules are often complemented by biophysical analysis. Moreover, the common strategy of utilizing mutants or crosslinking probes to stabilize otherwise short-lived reaction intermediates is prone to trapping off-pathway artefacts and precludes determining the order of molecular events. To overcome these limitations and allow visualisation of biochemical processes at near-atomic spatial resolution and millisecond time scales, we developed a time-resolved sample preparation method for cryo-electron microscopy (trEM). We integrated a modular microfluidic device, featuring a 3D-mixing unit and a delay line of variable length, with a gas-assisted nozzle and motorised plunge-freeze set-up that enables automated, fast, and blot-free sample vitrification. This sample preparation not only preserves high-resolution structural detail but also substantially improves protein distribution across the vitreous ice. We validated the method by examining the formation of RecA filaments on single-stranded DNA. We could reliably visualise reaction intermediates of early filament growth across three orders of magnitude on sub-second timescales. Quantification of the trEM data allowed us to characterize the kinetics of RecA filament growth. The trEM method reported here is versatile, easy to reproduce and thus readily adaptable to a broad spectrum of fundamental questions in biology.

scholarly journals From ‘ontological metaphor’ to semiotic make-believe: giving shape and substance to fictive objects of conception with the ‘globe gesture’

Signo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (70) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Remi Lapaire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree

Speakers are moving cognizers who engage in bodily acts of conceptualization. The “globe gesture” is among the most spectacular forms of “manual thinking” (Streeck 2009) used in formal talk. A characterization of the kinesic action typical of the “globe gesture” is first provided that shows how “the image of a bounded, supportable object” is created (McNeill 1992) and set up in gesture space. As conceptual objects are created and masses of semantic substance fashioned, visible shape is given to shapeless mental representations. A powerful semiotic trick is performed with a simple cognitive artifact. Interestingly, a willing suspension of disbelief is required of speakers and listeners who must temporarily give up their rational conceptions of visibility, materiality and palpability to watch the symbolic manipulation of invisible objects. The basic expressive properties of the “globe gesture” are next characterized: outlining and isolating objects of conception; neutralizing semantic specification; establishing a joint focus of attention and imagination; shaping, displaying and unifying content; creating a sense of reality and existence through physical presence. Iconic modifications of the standard metaphoric hand configuration, virtuosic elaborations and creative blends are finally examined before reporting the results of an experimental study of the globe gesture’s heuristic properties in a controlled environment. 14 students attending a multimodal “kineflective” seminar used the hand configuration to engage in “choreographic thinking” (Forsythe 2009) and develop a haptic understanding of derivation, nominalization, substantivation, conceptual reification. The globe gesture acted as a facilitator so long as a high degree of generality was maintained but was promptly discarded when words with a strong emotional appeal were introduced (e.g. sadness, madness). Emblems and iconic gestures were spontaneously performed instead.

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