scholarly journals A Multi-Perspective Assessment Method with a Dynamic Benchmark for Human Activity Impacts on Alpine Ecosystem under Climate Change

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Fuguang Zhang ◽  
Biao Zeng ◽  
Taibao Yang ◽  
Yuxuan Zheng ◽  
Ying Cao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Alpine Ecosystems ◽  
Alpine Ecosystem ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
The Impact

Intense human activities and rapid climate changes both have obvious impacts on alpine ecosystems. However, the magnitudes and directions of the impacts by these two drivers remain uncertain due to a lack of a reasonable assessment method to distinguish between them. The impact of natural resilience is also generally included in the dynamics of a disturbed ecosystem and is liable to be mixed into the impact of human activity. It is urgent that we quantitatively discriminate human activity impacts on the ecosystem under climate change, especially for fast-developing alpine regions. Here, we propose an assessment method to determine human activity impacts under a dynamic climate, taking the potential net primary production (NPP) of an ecosystem as a benchmark. The potential NPP (NPPP) series under the changing climate was retrieved by an improved integrated biosphere simulator based on the initial disturbed ecosystem status of the assessment period. The actual NPP (NPPA) series monitored by remote sensing was considered as the results derived from the joint impacts of climate change, natural resilience and human activity. Then, the impact of human activity was quantified as the difference between the NPPP and NPPA. The contributions of human activity and natural forces to ecosystem NPP dynamics were then calculated separately and employed to explore the dominant driver(s). This assessment method was demonstrated in a typical alpine ecosystem in Northwest China. The results indicate that this method capably revealed the positive impacts of local afforestation and land-use optimization and the negative impacts caused by grazing during the assessment period of 2001–2017. This assessment method provides a quantitative reference for assessing the performances of ecological protections or human damage to alpine ecosystems at the regional scale.

scholarly journals Net primary production of Chinese fir plantation ecosystems and its relationship to climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5639-5667 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
B. Duan ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
F. Berninger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This article focuses on the relationship between the net primary production (NPP) of Chinese fir and the climate. Spatial-temporal NPP pattern in the potential distribution area of Chinese fir from 2000 to 2010 was characterized utilizing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. The results showed that the production of Chinese fir was higher in southern and eastern regions than in northern and western areas, which was consistent with the spatial pattern of temperature and precipitation. The relationship between NPP of Chinese fir and climate variables was analyzed comprehensively on three scales: regional scale, zonal gradients and pixel scale. On the regional scale, precipitation showed higher correlation coefficients with NPP than did temperature. When scaling to pixels, the spatial variability pattern indicated that temperature was more important in central and eastern regions, while precipitation was crucial in the northern part. Negative correlations between NPP and precipitation and temperature were found in the southern region. The zonal analysis revealed that the impact of precipitation on the production was more complicated than that of temperature. When compared to natural forests, plantations appear to be more sensitive to the mode of precipitation, which indicates their higher vulnerability under climate change which could potentially lead to increasing variability in rainfall. Temporally, NPP values decreased despite of increasing temperatures, and more in plantations than among other vegetation types, which draws attention to carbon sequestration potential by plantations under current climate change.

scholarly journals An 8500-year palynological record of vegetation, climate change and human activity in the Bosten Lake region of Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Tarasov ◽  
Dieter Demske ◽  
Christian Leipe ◽  
Tengwen Long ◽  
Stefanie Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Bosten Lake ◽  
Lake Region

scholarly journals Desertification in Forest, Range and Desert Landuses of Tehran Province, Under the Impact of Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Eskandari Dameneh ◽  
Moslem Borji ◽  
Hassan Khosravi ◽  
Ali Salajeghe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Persistence of widespread degradation in arid and semi-arid region of Iran necessitates using of monitoring and evaluation systems with appropriate accuracy to determine the degradation process and adoption of early warning systems; because after transition from some thresholds, effective reversible function of ecosystems will not be very easy. This paper tries to monitor the degradation and desertification trends in three land uses including range, forest and desert lands affected by climate change in Tehran province for 2000s and 2030s. For assessing climate changes of Mehrabad synoptic stations the data of two emission scenarios including A2 and B2 were used using statistical downscaling techniques and data generated by SDSM model. The index of net primary production resulting from MODIS satellite images was employed as an indicator of destruction from 2001 to 2010. The results showed that temperature is the most effective driver force which alters the net primary production in rangeland, forest and desert ecosystems of Tehran province. On the basis of monitoring findings under real conditions, in the 2000s, over 60 % of rangelands and 80 % of the forests have been below the average production in the province. On the other hand, the long-term average changes of NPP in rangeland and forests indicated the presence of relatively large areas of these land uses with production rate lower than the desert. The results also showed that, assuming the existence of circumstances of each emission scenarios, the desertification status will not improve significantly in the rangelands and forests of Tehran province.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and human activity on the runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Zhongsheng Chen ◽  
Benfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Increasing Trend

Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin in Northwest China from 1960 to 2009, this paper analyzed the change in runoff and its related climatic factors, and estimated the contribution of climate change and human activity to runoff change by using the moving T test, cumulative analysis of anomalies and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that temperature revealed a significant increasing trend, and potential evaporation capacity decreased significantly, while precipitation increased insignificantly in the past recent 50 years. Although there were three mutations in 1975, 1990 and 2002 respectively, runoff presented a slight decreasing trend in the whole period. The contributions of climate change and human activity to runoff change during the period of 1976-2009 were 45% and 55% respectively.

scholarly journals Variation of Runoff and Runoff Components of the Upper Shule River in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under Climate Change

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Jinkui Wu ◽  
Hongyuan Li ◽  
Jiaxin Zhou ◽  
Shuya Tai ◽  
Xueliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Quantifying the impact of climate change on hydrologic features is essential for the scientific planning, management and sustainable use of water resources in Northwest China. Based on hydrometeorological data and glacier inventory data, the Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) model was used to simulate the changes of hydrologic processes in the Upper Shule River (USR) from 1971 to 2020, and variations of runoff and runoff components were quantitatively analyzed using the simulations and observations. The results showed that the glacier area has decreased by 21.8% with a reduction rate of 2.06 km2/a. Significant increasing trends in rainfall runoff, glacier runoff (GR) and baseflow indicate there has been a consistent increase in total runoff due to increasing rainfall and glacier melting. The baseflow has made the largest contribution to total runoff, followed by GR, rainfall runoff and snow runoff, with mean annual contributions of 38%, 28%, 18% and 16%, respectively. The annual contribution of glacier and snow runoff to the total runoff shows a decreasing trend with decreasing glacier area and increasing temperature. Any increase of total runoff in the future will depend on an increase of rainfall, which will exacerbate the impact of drought and flood disasters.

Vulnerability of coastal areas to increased aquifer saturation due to climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Gauvain ◽  
Ronan Abhervé ◽  
Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy ◽  
Luc Aquilina ◽  
Frédéric Gresselin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

<p>Like in other relatively flat coastal areas, flooding by aquifer overflow is a recurring problem on the western coast of Normandy (France). Threats are expected to be enhanced by the rise of the sea level and to have critical consequences on the future development and management of the territory. The delineation of the increased saturation areas is a required step to assess the impact of climate change locally. Preliminary models showed that vulnerability does not result only from the sea side but also from the continental side through the modifications of the hydrological regime.</p><p>We investigate the processes controlling these coastal flooding phenomena by using hydrogeological models calibrated at large scale with an innovative method reproducing the hydrographic network. Reference study sites selected for their proven sensitivity to flooding have been used to validate the methodology and determine the influence of the different geomorphological configurations frequently encountered along the coastal line.</p><p>Hydrogeological models show that the rise of the sea level induces an irregular increase in coastal aquifer saturations extending up to several kilometers inland. Back-littoral channels traditionally used as a large-scale drainage system against high tides limits the propagation of aquifer saturation upstream, provided that channels are not dominantly under maritime influence. High seepage fed by increased recharge occurring in climatic extremes may extend the vulnerable areas and further limit the effectiveness of the drainage system. Local configurations are investigated to categorize the influence of the local geological and geomorphological structures and upscale it at the regional scale.</p>

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of the Impact of Climate Change and Human Activity on Runoff Change in the Dongjiang River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliang Zhou ◽  
Chengguang Lai ◽  
Zhaoli Wang ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Zhaoyang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Dongjiang River ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
The Impact
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