scholarly journals Method for Handling Massive IoT Traffic in 5G Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safdar Marwat ◽  
Yasir Mehmood ◽  
Ahmad Khan ◽  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Iot Devices

The ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT) data traffic is one of the primary research focuses of future mobile networks. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards like Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) have been designed for broadband services. However, IoT devices are mainly based on narrowband applications. Standards like LTE-A might not provide efficient spectrum utilization when serving IoT applications. The aggregation of IoT data at an intermediate node before transmission can answer the issues of spectral efficiency. The objective of this work is to utilize the low cost 3GPP fixed, inband, layer-3 Relay Node (RN) for integrating IoT traffic into 5G network by multiplexing data packets at the RN before transmission to the Base Station (BS) in the form of large multiplexed packets. Frequency resource blocks can be shared among several devices with this method. An analytical model for this scheme, developed as an r-stage Coxian process, determines the radio resource utilization and system gain achieved. The model is validated by comparing the obtained results with simulation results.

scholarly journals Data Traffic Based on Slicing in a 5G Smart Uplink System

Telecom IT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
A. Grebenshchikova ◽  
Elagin V.
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation

The paper considers the data traffic based on slicing in a 5g mobile network uplink system. Slicing is a promising technology for the fifth generation of networks that provides optimal quality of QOS services for each specific user or group of users. Data traffic that is processed by cellular networks increases every year. Therefore, we should consider all set of traffic from VoIP to M2M devices. For example, smart devices in the healthcare system transmit big data that is sensitive to latency, but also a video stream that requires minimal latency in certain cases. The paper focuses on the successful processing of traffic through a relay node, donor microstates, and a base station. All traffic is divided into three levels of QoS segmentation: sensitive, less sensitive, and low-sensitivity, using the AnyLogic simulation program. For fifth-generation 5G networks, achieving minimum latency and maximum data transfer speed within QoS is an important implementation condition. Therefore, in this paper, using simulation modeling, the main and possible results of each segment in the new generation of mobile networks are obtained. The use of a relay node in conjunction with micro-stations can ensure optimal station load and successful data processing. Also, the solutions outlined in this paper will allow you to identify a number of areas for future research to assess possible ways to design new mobile networks, or improve existing ones.

scholarly journals Passive Method for Estimating Available Throughput for Autonomous Off-Peak Data Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Satoda ◽  
Eiji Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Onishi ◽  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
End User ◽  
Lte Networks

Large demands for mobile traffic subject base stations to frequent short-term and sharp peak loads. Recent analysis of data traffic on commercial mobile networks reported that the traffic peaks can be reduced by an average of 40% without compromising the quality of experience provided to the end user, if a peak load can be shifted for at most 20 s. To reduce peak traffic, we previously proposed a method for off-peak data transfer, with which user equipment (UE) autonomously delays receiving data, and a peak load on a base station can be shifted. In terms of off-peak transfer of data, a significant problem is determining how each UE estimates available throughput. In this paper we propose a method of passively estimating available throughput of each UE. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on experimental and commercial LTE networks. The results indicate that our method obtains more than a 0.7 correlation between actual available throughput and estimated throughput.

scholarly journals Base Station Energy Efficiency Improvement for Next Generation Mobile Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weston Mwashita ◽  
Marcel Ohanga Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Next Generation Mobile Networks ◽  
Operational Expenditure

Abstract As more and more Base Stations (BSs) are being deployed by mobile operators to meet the ever increasing data traffic, solutions have to be found to try and reduce BS energy consumption to make the BSs more energy efficient and to reduce the mobile networks’ operational expenditure (OPEX) and carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, a BS sleeping technology deployable in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed. The proposed scheme is validated by using extensive OMNeT++/SimuLTE simulations. From the simulations, it is shown that some lightly loaded micro BSs can be put to sleep in a HetNet when the network traffic is very low without compromising the QoS of the mobile network.

Enabling Device-to-Device Technology in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-212
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Hussein ◽  
Hussein A. Elsayed ◽  
Sherine M. Abd El-kader
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Base Station ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
End User ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Cellular Wireless Networks

5G is the next step in the evolution of mobile communication. The evolving 5G cellular wireless networks are envisioned to provide higher data rates, enhanced end-user quality-of-experience (QoE), reduced end-to-end latency, and lower energy consumption. Device to device (D2D) is one of the key technologies provided to enhance 5G performance. Direct communication between two devices without involvement of any central point (i.e., base station) is defined as device to device (D2D) communication. It is a recommended technique to enhance the network performance of 5G in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, latency, and spectrum utilization. In this chapter, the authors provide a detailed survey on the integration of D2D communication into cellular network especially 5G network. The survey highlights the potential advantages; classifications and application for D2D technology have been indicated. Main D2D standards have been presented. Finally, the chapter addresses main topics that could be related to D2D and indicates all major possible challenges that face most researchers.

NB-IoT for 5G

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-372
Author(s):  
Laxmi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
High Data ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
New Applications

It is expected that internet of things (IoT) will deal with the major activities in the connected living environment as well as the industrial processes. All these aspects are going to be real in the frameworks of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. 5G-based narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) networks have the capability to serve various innovative IoT applications at a great extent. NB-IoT is third generation partnership project (3GPP) standardized low power wide area (LPWA) technology which is designed for IoT devices requiring long battery life, low cost, worldwide coverage, and high system capacity. To improve the performance, 3GPP has agreed that the NB-IoT will continue evolving as part of the 5G specifications. NB-IoT along with 5G will work in several connected living applications. This combination will also be very useful in the industrial environments which need high data rates and low latency. All these features will be supported by 5G in the future. Similarly, applications with low data rates in the IoT world will be supported by NB-IoT. So 5G and NB-IoT are going to be a popular combination for several new applications.

scholarly journals Towards a Low-Cost Precision Viticulture System Using Internet of Things Devices

IoT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Spachos
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Precision Viticulture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an ever-expanding field that takes modern technological advancements and applies it to farming practices to reduce waste and increase output. One advancement that can play a significant role in achieving precision agriculture is wireless technology, and specifically the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Small, inch scale and low-cost devices can be used to monitor great agricultural areas. In this paper, a system for precision viticulture which uses IoT devices for real-time monitoring is proposed. The different components of the system are programmed properly and the interconnection between them is designed to minimize energy consumption. Wireless sensor nodes measure soil moisture and soil temperature in the field and transmit the information to a base station. If the conditions are optimal for a disease or pest to occur, a drone flies towards the area. When the drone is over the node, pictures are captured and then it returns to the base station for further processing. The feasibility of the system is examined through experimentation in a realistic scenario.

scholarly journals Resource Allocation Combining Heuristic Matching and Particle Swarm Optimization Approaches: The Case of Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Pliatsios ◽  
Panagiotis Sarigiannidis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Rapid Deployment

The ever-increasing requirement of massive connectivity, due to the rapid deployment of internet of things (IoT) devices, in the emerging 5th generation (5G) mobile networks commands for even higher utilization of the available spectrum. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising solution that can effectively accommodate a higher number of users, resulting in increased spectrum utilization. In this work, we aim to maximize the total throughput of a NOMA system, while maintaining a good level of fairness among the users. We propose a three-step method where the first step matches the users to the channels using a heuristic matching algorithm, while the second step utilizes the particle swarm optimization algorithm to allocate the power to each channel. In the third step, the power allocated to each channel is further distributed to the multiplexed users based on their respective channel gains. Based on extensive performance simulations, the proposed method offers notable improvement, e.g., 15% in terms of system throughput and 55% in terms of user fairness.

scholarly journals Fostering a high efficient waveguide diplexer to improve 5G network frequency spectrum for IoT devices in cloud

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Gautami Alagarsamy ◽  
Dr J.Shanthini
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact

In recent days Internet of Things and 5G network connection are complement to each other. The 5G networks would surpass 4GLTE, 4G, 3G and the other networks we used. It has become a boon for the end users and corporate due to its architecture to handle the heavy data traffic of connected smart devices and large amount of smart phone users worldwide. 5G devices should support longer battery and available at low cost and consume less energy. Some smart phones have ability to charge wirelessly through inductive coupling between base and the phone. In advanced options for charging IoT devices Wireless deportation technology is integrated. To curb network congestion in denser areas and to operate at higher data rates in Ka band applications this research paper analyzes the impact of WR-28 Waveguide Diplexer to improve network frequency spectrum around 30GHz for IoT devices in cloud services. The design simulation and modeling are implemented by using Antenna Magus version 5.5 Software.  

scholarly journals Flow Management with Differentiated Classes of Service and Quality of Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
João Silva ◽  
João Ponte ◽  
João Pedro Lopes ◽  
Nuno Souto
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
5G Network ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Brokerage Service

Recently, mobile networks have been overloaded with a considerable amount of data traffic. This paper proposes a brokerage service for mobile environments, using policies and quality metrics and ensuring better usage of network resources with more fine-grained management based on flows, and expands previous work (Silva, et al.) with the novel addition of differentiated classes of service. A closed innovative control loop included in a flexible brokerage service in the network, as well as agents at the mobile terminals, detects and counteracts an abnormal data load in any access technology. This allows the terminals to make well-informed decisions about their connections to improve the number of connected flows per technology and the individual service level offered to each flow. Simulation results indicate that the current proposed management solution optimizes the usage of available 4G/5G network resources among a high number of flows in several usage scenarios where the technologies are extremely overloaded, while at the same time, protecting the higher classes of service.

scholarly journals Caching Eliminates the Wireless Bottleneck in Video Aware Wireless Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Molisch ◽  
Giuseppe Caire ◽  
David Ott ◽  
Jeffrey R. Foerster ◽  
Dilip Bethanabhotla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Network Throughput ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Content Reuse ◽  
Systems Simulation

Wireless video is the main driver for rapid growth in cellular data traffic. Traditional methods for network capacity increase are very costly and do not exploit the unique features of video, especially asynchronous content reuse. In this paper we give an overview of our work that proposed and detailed a new transmission paradigm exploiting content reuse and the widespread availability of low-cost storage. Our network structure uses caching in helper stations (femtocaching) and/or devices, combined with highly spectrally efficient short-range communications to deliver video files. For femtocaching, we develop optimum storage schemes and dynamic streaming policies that optimize video quality. For caching on devices, combined with device-to-device (D2D) communications, we show that communications within clusters of mobile stations should be used; the cluster size can be adjusted to optimize the tradeoff between frequency reuse and the probability that a device finds a desired file cached by another device in the same cluster. In many situations the network throughput increases linearly with the number of users, and the tradeoff between throughput and outage is better than in traditional base-station centric systems. Simulation results with realistic numbers of users and channel conditions show that network throughput can be increased by two orders of magnitude compared to conventional schemes.

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