scholarly journals Nafion-Protected Sputtered-Bismuth Screen-Printed Electrode for On-site Voltammetric Measurements of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Natural Water Samples

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Frutos-Puerto ◽  
Conrado Miró ◽  
Eduardo Pinilla-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Natural Water Samples ◽  
Screen Printed

In this work, we explore the protection with Nafion of commercial sputtered-bismuth screen-printed electrodes (BiSPSPEs), to improve its ability for on-site determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in ambient water samples. The modified screen-printed platform was coupled with a miniaturized cell, in combination with a battery-operated stirring system and a portable potentiostat operated by a laptop for decentralized electrochemical measurements using Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). We also describe a detailed electrode surface characterization by microscopy and surface analysis techniques, before and after the modification with Nafion, to get insight about modification effect on signal size and stability. Optimization of the chemical composition of the medium including the optimization of pH, and instrumental parameters, resulted in a method with detection limits in the low ng/mL range (3.62 and 3.83 ng·mL−1 for Cd and Pb respectively). Our results show an improvement of the sensitivity and stability for Nafion-protected BiSPSPEs in pH = 4.4 medium, and similar or lower detection limits than comparable methods on commercial BiSPSPEs. The values obtained for Pb(II) and Cd(II) in natural water samples agreed well with those obtained by the much more costly Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS, technique as a reference method (recoveries from 75% to 111%).

scholarly journals New Strategies for the Simple and Sensitive Voltammetric Direct Quantification of Se(IV) in Environmental Waters Employing Bismuth Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Amberlite Resin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4130
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grabarczyk ◽  
Marzena Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Bismuth Film ◽  
Natural Water Samples

An analytical procedure regarding the determination of selenium(IV) by anodic stripping voltammetry exploiting the in situ plated bismuth film electrode is described. Since organics are commonly present in untreated natural water samples, the use of Amberlite XAD-7 resin turns out to be quite important to avoid problems such as the adsorption of these compounds on the working electrode. The optimum circumstances for the detection of selenium in water using differential pulse voltammetry techniques were found to be as follows: 0.1 mol L−1 acetic acid, 1.9 × 10−5 mol L−1 Bi(III), 0.1 g Amberlite XAD-7 resin, and successive potentials of −1.6 V for 5 s and −0.4 V for 60 s, during which the in situ formation of the bismuth film on glassy carbon and the accumulation of selenium took place. The current of the anodic peak varies linearly with the selenium concentration ranging from 3 × 10−9 mol L−1 to 3 × 10−6 mol L−1 (r = 0.9995), with a detection limit of 8 × 10−10 mol L−1. The proposed procedure was used for Se(IV) determination in certified reference materials and natural water samples, and acceptable results and recoveries were obtained.

A Babington-Type Nebulizer for Use in the Analysis of Natural Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Garbarino ◽  
H. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Plasma Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Natural Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Pneumatic Nebulizer

The construction and evaluation of a Babington-type pneumatic nebulizer for use in the inductively coupled plasma, emission spectrometric analysis of natural water samples is described. The performance of the nebulizer is relatively insensitive to suspended particulate matter, and detection limits for a wide variety of elements are equivalent to or better than those achieved with other pneumatic nebulizers. An accuracy comparison with a conventional crossflow pneumatic nebulizer shows essentially no analysis bias.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Study of Carbon Nanotubes/Nanohybrids for Determination of Metal Species Cu2+ and Pb2+ in Water Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Claudia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Angladis Vieira Delfino ◽  
Mario Roberto Meneghetti ◽  
Fabiane Caxico de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Deposition Potential ◽  
Metal Species

The use of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, for electrochemical detection of metal species has been investigated as a way of modifying electrodes by electrochemical stripping analysis. The present study develops a new methodology based on a comparative study of nanoparticles and nanotubes with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and examines the simultaneous determination of copper and lead. The glassy carbon electrode modified by gold nanoparticles demonstrated increased sensitivity and decreased detection limits, among other improvements in analytical performance data. Under optimized conditions (deposition potential −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl; deposition time, 300 s; resting time, 10 s; pulse amplitude, 50 mV; and voltage step height, 4 mV), the detection limits were 0.2279 and 0.3321 ppb, respectively, for determination of Pb2+ and Cu2+. The effects of cations and anions on the simultaneous determination of metal ions do not exhibit significant interference, thereby demonstrating the selectivity of the electrode for simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Cu2+. The same method was also used to determine Cu2+ in water samples.

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