scholarly journals Empirical Insights of Individual Website Adjustments for People with Dyslexia

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kous ◽  
Gregor Polančič
Keyword(s):  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Graphic Elements ◽  
Usability Evaluation Methods

The existing body of knowledge reveals that customisable websites may lead to an increase in accessibility and usability for people with disabilities. In this way, the main goal of this research was to investigate how people with dyslexia respond to a customised version of a website in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction and suitability when compared to the default version of the website. The customisation of the investigated website was enabled with the aid of integrated assistive technology that offers people with dyslexia the opportunity to adjust a website themselves in accordance with their individual needs, demands and preferences. They can do this by changing the parameters, such as font size, font type and contrast between the background and text. The answers to the research questions were obtained with complementary research methods and techniques, including formal usability testing, thinking aloud protocol, log analyses, questionnaires and interviews. The empirical results show that participants experienced more issues when interacting with the default website, and they enjoyed more benefits when using the customised website. Too much information on the screen, not enough graphic elements, issues with visual appearance and inappropriately presented information were identified as the most common issues when interacting with the default website. When using the customised website, all participants agreed on a better user experience and, as the majority of them reported, this was due to appropriate contrast and font size. Additionally, the majority of participants also expressed desire to use the individual website adjustments regularly in the future. The conclusions of this investigation are that the individual website adjustments used in this research can not only help to minimise issues, but also eliminate challenges that people with dyslexia have when interacting with a website. Therefore, the primary contributions of this research are the empirical insights of interaction with both the default and customised version of the website for people with dyslexia. Furthermore, this research also has three secondary contributions: (1) detailed presentation and application the general usability evaluation procedure to a specific target group (people with dyslexia); (2) recommendations to adapt the usability evaluation methods for people with dyslexia; and (3) the usage of quantitative measurement instruments for the evaluation of a website’s usability and suitability for people with dyslexia.

Two-Phase Usability Evaluation of Insurance Website Prototypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Chen ◽  
Anindita Paul ◽  
Francis Kibaru ◽  
Yanfei Ma ◽  
Dinara Saparova
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Usability Evaluation Methods ◽  
Selection Of

This paper discusses the various challenges encountered during iterative testing of an insurance company's home page prototypes. The study focuses on the methodology details, including the selection of prototypes and usability evaluation methods and the considerations for practical trade-offs. During Phase 1, six individual think-aloud interviews were conducted to compare three prototypes. Participants were asked to complete tasks on the prototypes. Based on the findings from Phase 1, three prototypes were developed. In Phase 2, an online survey was administered with existing customers to compare these three prototypes. Survey responses indicated that content, layout, and visual appearance were most influential on users' preferences of the designs. At the end of our paper, we compare the implementation and the results of usability evaluation and the prototypes in the two phases and discuss the limitations of the study.

scholarly journals Apathy Measures in Older Adults and People with Dementia: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties Using the COSMIN Methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Clare Burgon ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Goldberg ◽  
Veronika van der Wardt ◽  
Catherine Brewin ◽  
Rowan H. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Patient Reported

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Apathy is highly prevalent in dementia and is also seen in mild cognitive impairment and the general population. Apathy contributes to failure to undertake daily activities and can lead to health problems or crises. It is therefore important to assess apathy. However, there is currently no gold standard measure of apathy. A comprehensive systematic review of the measurement properties of apathy scales is required. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018094390). MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for studies that aimed to develop or assess the validity or reliability of an apathy scale in participants over 65 years, living in the community. A systematic review was conducted in line with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments procedure for reviewing patient-reported outcome measures. The studies’ risk of bias was assessed, and all relevant measurement properties were assessed for quality. Results were pooled and rated using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation procedure. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifty-seven publications regarding 18 measures and 39 variations met the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of individual studies ranged from inadequate to very good and measurement properties ranged from insufficient to sufficient. Similarly, the overall evidence for measurement properties ranged from very low to high quality. The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) had sufficient content validity, reliability, construct validity, and where applicable, structural validity and internal consistency. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Numerous scales are available to assess apathy, with varying psychometric properties. The AES and LARS are recommended for measuring apathy in older adults and people living with dementia. The apathy dimension of the commonly used Neuropsychiatric Inventory should be limited to screening for apathy.

scholarly journals Establishing a job-crafting and intrapreneurial link: Towards new approaches to innovative work

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelesh Dhanpat ◽  
Chris Schachtebeck
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Value Add ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Deductive Research

Orientation: This research study focuses on establishing a link between job crafting and landmark studies on intrapreneurship.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical overview of intrapreneurship, intrapreneurial orientation and job crafting, and to explore theoretical linkages between these areas of enquiry.Motivation for the study: There is currently a dearth of research studies that explore the link between job crafting and intrapreneurial behaviours in existing organisations in the form of intrapreneurial orientation.Research design, approach and method: The study is presented as a conceptual paper in the form of a qualitative, theoretical study, employing a model-building approach. A deductive research approach is followed, and a narrative review methodology is employed.Main findings: The findings of this study from a literature search acknowledge the contributions of job crafting and intrapreneurial research within the management sciences, and we remain cognisant of the organisational implications of each, which have, to date, focused on the organisation, rather than the individual. With this in mind, we suggest that job crafting and intrapreneurial behaviours are empirically researched to validate the recommendations made.Practical/managerial implications: This study will help to establish the type of job-crafting interventions and job-crafting strategies needed to promote intrapreneurial behaviours in practice.Contribution/value-add: This study provides noteworthy insights, which include the suggestion that employees with a forward-looking disposition will engage in job crafting, with a focus on intrapreneurial behaviour. Furthermore, the study fills a void left in the current body of knowledge.

scholarly journals Building constructions of stone cladded roofs in contemporary architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Dobszay
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Stone roof coverings have existed for hundreds of years now, but their application in contemporary representative architecture is quite different than it was in former times, and accordingly the underlying constructional details are much more complicated. The main role of the roof in today's architecture is to emphasize the abstract building volume and its homogeneity. The design (visual appearance) has priority over constructional considerations, while at the same time requirements for thermal insulation and the watertight buildup of the building envelope are rising. This is a big challenge for the design of the constructional details, since traditional methods do not apply anymore: almost all of the water gets under this exterior cladding where a completely waterproof underlayer is needed. Therefore a new type of constructions is borne. In this article I try to present innovative constructional alternatives for stone cladded roofs and try to define guidelines for their planning. These alternatives were created and refined based on analysis of historical and contemporary examples, the examination of the specific conditions and requirements that affect cladded roofs, their expected performance over their life-span, the difficulties that arise under construction and my work experience. I created seven groups, according to the method for fixing the individual stone elements, since this is the detail that most affects the buildup of the underlying structure. A new approach is needed with these unconventional constructions, with a much more detailed inventory of every little feature of the building in question. But since these features vary violently with the architectural conception the exact constructional solutions are usually unique as well.

scholarly journals Combinations of Methods for Collaborative Evaluation of the Usability of Interactive Software Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Solano ◽  
César A. Collazos ◽  
Cristian Rusu ◽  
Habib M. Fardoun
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Collaborative Evaluation ◽  
Usability Evaluation Methods

Usability is a fundamental quality characteristic for the success of an interactive system. It is a concept that includes a set of metrics and methods in order to obtain easy-to-learn and easy-to-use systems. Usability Evaluation Methods, UEM, are quite diverse; their application depends on variables such as costs, time availability, and human resources. A large number of UEM can be employed to assess interactive software systems, but questions arise when deciding which method and/or combination of methods gives more (relevant) information. We proposeCollaborative Usability Evaluation Methods, CUEM, following the principles defined by the Collaboration Engineering. This paper analyzes a set of CUEM conducted on different interactive software systems. It proposes combinations of CUEM that provide more complete and comprehensive information about the usability of interactive software systems than those evaluation methods conducted independently.

Impostor Phenomenon in Dental Students

The Advisor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Private University ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Impostor Phenomenon ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Impostor Feelings ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Impostor phenomenon (IP) is the individual experience of extreme self-doubt in which a person attributes successes and accomplishments to external factors rather than his or her own talent, capabilities, or effort (Clance & Imes, 1978). For students, IP can cause significant and persistent interference in academic and professional experience (Clance, 1985b; Cromwell, Brown, Sanchez-Huceles, & Adair, 1990; Henning, Ey, & Shaw, 1998; Li, Hughes, & Thu, 2014; McGregor, Gee, & Posey, 2008; Oriel, Plane, & Mundt, 2004; Thompson, Davis, & Davidson, 1998). To date, there is limited research on IP in the dental student population, with no known research specifically on the extent to which dental students suffer from impostor feelings. Using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (Clance, 1985a), this study measured the level of reported impostor feelings in a sample of dental students at a dental school located at a small private university in the Midwestern United States. Relationships between gender, class year, race or ethnic identity, first-generation (in dentistry) status, and reported levels of IP were explored. In this study, a majority (58.3%) of the dental students in the sample exhibited levels of IP above the clinical threshold, demonstrating the significant impact of impostor feelings on their academic, professional, and personal lives. Statistically significant differences in CIPS scores were found when evaluating differences between race or ethnic groups (those identifying as Hispanic, Latino, or Latina versus those not identifying that way) and when comparing scores for URM and non-URM students. The study fills a gap in the existing body of knowledge regarding the prevalence of IP in the dental student population. For researchers, educators, and administrators in dental education, this study establishes a benchmark for measuring the incidence of IP, paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of how to effectively and holistically educate students in dentistry.

Iterative Usability Evaluation for an Online Educational Web Portal

2012 ◽  
pp. 271-289
Author(s):  
Xin C. Wang ◽  
Borchuluun Yadamsuren ◽  
Anindita Paul ◽  
DeeAnna Adkins ◽  
George Laur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Simultaneous Testing ◽  
Web Developers ◽  
Usability Evaluation Methods

Online education is a popular paradigm for promoting continuing education for adult learners. However, only a handful of studies have addressed usability issues in the online education environment. Particularly, few studies have integrated the multifaceted usability evaluation into the lifecycle of developing such an environment. This paper will show the integration of usability evaluation into the development process of an online education center. Multifaceted usability evaluation methods were applied at four different stages of the MU Extension web portal’s development. These methods were heuristic evaluation, focus group interview and survey, think-aloud interviewing, and multiple-user simultaneous testing. The results of usability studies at each stage enhanced the development team’s understanding of users’ difficulties, needs, and wants, which served to guide web developers’ subsequent decisions.

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