scholarly journals Immunoassays Based on Hot Electron-Induced Electrochemiluminescence at Disposable Cell Chips with Printed Electrodes

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Päivi Grönroos ◽  
Nur-E-Habiba ◽  
Kalle Salminen ◽  
Marja Nissinen ◽  
Tomi Tuomaala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Bioaffinity Assays

Novel hot electron-emitting working electrodes and conventional counter electrodes were created by screen printing. Thus, low-cost disposable electrode chips for bioaffinity assays were produced to replace our older expensive electrode chips manufactured by manufacturing techniques of electronics from silicon or on glass chips. The present chips were created by printing as follows: (i) silver lines provided the electronic contacts, counter electrode and the bottom of the working electrode and counter electrode, (ii) the composite layer was printed on appropriate parts of the silver layer, and (iii) finally a hydrophobic ring was added to produce the electrochemical cell boundaries. The applicability of these electrode chips in bioaffinity assays was demonstrated by an immunoassay of human C-reactive protein (i) using Tb(III) chelate label displaying long-lived hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence (HECL) and (ii) now for the first time fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was utilized as an a low-cost organic label displaying a short-lived HECL in a real-world bioaffinity assay.

scholarly journals Quantum Dot-sensitized Solar Cells: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Bhambhani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Analogous Structure ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) has an analogous structure and working principle to the dye sensitizer solar cell (DSSC). It has drawn great attention due to its unique features, like multiple exciton generation (MEG), simple fabrication and low cost. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of QDSSC is lower than that of DSSC. To increase the PCE of QDSSC, it is required to develop new types of working electrodes, sensitizers, counter electrodes and electrolytes. This review highlights recent developments in QDSSCs and their key components, including the photoanode, sensitizer, electrolyte and counter electrode.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bamboo Based Carbon Powder Applicable for Fabrication of Low-Cost Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prakash Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Forms Of Carbon ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Low-cost carbon powder prepared by carbonization of bamboo wood was characterized by means of X-rays diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The structural analysis of the carbon powder shows that the material is the composite of amorphous and graphitic forms of carbon. Furthermore, the carbon powder was used as the counter electrode material of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) and the electric property of the bamboo carbon based counter electrode was investigated by obtaining current-voltage (I-V) curve of the DSC.

Highly electrocatalytic counter electrodes based on carbon black for cobalt(iii)/(ii)-mediated dye-sensitized solar cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ping Liu ◽  
Yi-Chen Hou ◽  
Chiao-Wei Li ◽  
Yuh-Lang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Counter Electrode Material

Commercial carbon black can replace expensive catalysts as a low cost highly electrocatalytic counter electrode material for Co(iii)/(ii)-mediated DSSC applications.

Sputtering and sulfurization-combined synthesis of a transparent WS2 counter electrode and its application to dye-sensitized solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (125) ◽  
pp. 103567-103572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh ◽  
Dhanasekaran Vikraman ◽  
Rajaram S. Mane ◽  
Oh-Shim Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Tungsten Sulfide ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Radio Frequency Sputtering ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

In this work, continuous and large-area tungsten sulfide films, deposited by radio frequency sputtering followed by a sulfurization process, were applied as a low-cost platinum-free counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Constructing High-performance H3PW12O40/CoS2 Counter Electrodes for Quantum Dots Sensitized Solar Cells by Reducing the Surface Work Function of CoS2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Qiu Zhang ◽  
Yumeng Wang ◽  
Fengyan Li ◽  
Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Work Function ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Surface Work ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Surface Work Function

The preparation of low cost H3PW12O40 (PW12)/CoS2 complex is used as a counter electrode (CE) to combine with sandwich quantum dots sensitized cells (QDSSCs) composed of TiO2/CdS/CdSe/ZnS photoanode and polysulfide...

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Drygała ◽  
L. A. Dobrzański ◽  
M. Szindler ◽  
M. Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz ◽  
M. Pawlyta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

AbstractThe influence of the carbon nanotubes counter electrode deposited on the FTO glass substrates on the structure and optoelectrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells counter electrode (CE) was analysed. Carbon materials have been applied in DSSC s in order to produce low-cost solar cells with reasonable efficiency. Platinum is a preferred material for the counter electrode because of its high conductivity and catalytic activity. However, the costs of manufacturing of the platinum counter electrode limit its use to large-scale applications in solar cells. This paper presents the results of examining the structure and properties of the studied layers, defining optical properties of conductive layers and electrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells manufactured with the use of carbon nanotubes.Such counter electrodes are promising for the future fabrication of stable, low-cost and effective dye-sensitized solar cells.

scholarly journals A Regenerative Business Model with Flexible, Modular and Scalable Processes in A Post-Covid Era: The Case of The Spinning Mesh Disc Reactor (SMDR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6944
Author(s):  
Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson ◽  
Aurelie Charles ◽  
Parimala Shivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Implementing Change ◽  
Chemical Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Flexible Operation

With stringent environmental regulations and a new drive for sustainable manufacturing, there is an unprecedented opportunity to incorporate novel manufacturing techniques. Recent political and pandemic events have shown the vulnerability to supply chains, highlighting the need for localised manufacturing capabilities to better respond flexibly to national demand. In this paper, we have used the spinning mesh disc reactor (SMDR) as a case study to demonstrate the path forward for manufacturing in the post-Covid world. The SMDR uses centrifugal force to allow the spread of thin film across the spinning disc which has a cloth with immobilised catalyst. The modularity of the design combined with the flexibility to perform a range of chemical reactions in a single equipment is an opportunity towards sustainable manufacturing. A global approach to market research allowed us to identify sectors within the chemical industry interested in novel reactor designs. The drivers for implementing change were identified as low capital cost, flexible operation and consistent product quality. Barriers include cost of change (regulatory and capital costs), limited technical awareness, safety concerns and lack of motivation towards change. Finally, applying the key features of a Sustainable Business Model (SBM) to SMDR, we show the strengths and opportunities for SMDR to align with an SBM allowing for a low-cost, sustainable and regenerative system of chemical manufacturing.

Mesoporous Bi2S3 nanorods with graphene-assistance as low-cost counter-electrode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 14433-14440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-qi Guo ◽  
Tian-zeng Jing ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Xiao-bing Yang ◽  
Zhi-hao Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

In this work, we report the synthesis of mesoporous Bi2S3 nanorods under hydrothermal conditions without additives, and investigated their catalytic activities as the CE in DSCs by I–V curves and tested conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Donggee Rho ◽  
Seunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Label Free ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cavity Structure

An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.

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