scholarly journals A Macro Lens-Based Optical System Design for Phototherapeutic Instrumentation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojong Choi ◽  
Se-woon Choe ◽  
Jae-Myung Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ultrasound Transducer ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Light Emitting

Light emitting diode (LED) and ultrasound have been powerful treatment stimuli for tumor cell growth due to non-radiation effects. This research is the first preliminary study of tumor cell suppression using a macro-lens-supported 460-nm LED combined with high-frequency ultrasound. The cell density, when exposed to the LED combined with ultrasound, was gradually reduced after 30 min of induction for up to three consecutive days when 48-W DC, 20-cycle, and 50 Vp-p sinusoidal pulses were applied to the LEDs through a designed macro lens and to the ultrasound transducer, respectively. Using a developed macro lens, the non-directional light beam emitted from the LED could be localized to a certain spot, likewise with ultrasound, to avoid additional undesirable thermal effects on the small sized tumor cells. In the experimental results, compared to LED-only induction (14.49 ± 2.73%) and ultrasound-only induction (13.27 ± 2.33%), LED combined with ultrasound induction exhibited the lowest cell density (6.25 ± 1.25%). Therefore, our measurement data demonstrated that a macro-lens-supported 460-nm LED combined with an ultrasound transducer could possibly suppress early stage tumor cells effectively.

Maximizing biomass productivity and cell density of Chlorella vulgaris by using light-emitting diode-based photobioreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Fu ◽  
Olafur Gudmundsson ◽  
Adam M. Feist ◽  
Gisli Herjolfsson ◽  
Sigurdur Brynjolfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Light Emitting

scholarly journals Breast tumor cell-specific knockout of Twist1 inhibits cancer cell plasticity, dissemination, and lung metastasis in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (43) ◽  
pp. 11494-11499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiang Xu ◽  
Dong-Kee Lee ◽  
Zhen Feng ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Wen Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Twist1 is an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factor (TF) that promotes cell migration and invasion. To determine the intrinsic role of Twist1 in EMT and breast cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis, we developed mouse models with an oncogene-induced mammary tumor containing wild-type (WT) Twist1 or tumor cell-specific Twist1 knockout (Twist1TKO). Twist1 knockout showed no effects on tumor initiation and growth. In both models with early-stage tumor cells, Twist1, and mesenchymal markers were not expressed, and lung metastasis was absent. Twist1 expression was detected in ∼6% of the advanced WT tumor cells. Most of these Twist1+ cells coexpressed several other EMT-inducing TFs (Snail, Slug, Zeb2), lost ERα and luminal marker K8, acquired basal cell markers (K5, p63), and exhibited a partial EMT plasticity (E-cadherin+/vimentin+). In advanced Twist1TKO tumor cells, Twist1 knockout largely diminished the expression of the aforementioned EMT-inducing TFs and basal and mesenchymal markers, but maintained the expression of the luminal markers. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were commonly detected in mice with advanced WT tumors, but not in mice with advanced Twist1TKO tumors. Nearly all WT CTCs coexpressed Twist1 with other EMT-inducing TFs and both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Mice with advanced WT tumors developed extensive lung metastasis consisting of luminal tumor cells with silenced Twist1 and mesenchymal marker expression. Mice with advanced Twist1TKO tumors developed very little lung metastasis. Therefore, Twist1 is required for the expression of other EMT-inducing TFs in a small subset of tumor cells. Together, they induce partial EMT, basal-like tumor progression, intravasation, and metastasis.

Continuous turbidometric measurements of microbial cell density in bioreactors using a light-emitting diode and a photodiode

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Cox ◽  
Mette Miller ◽  
Jørgen Bang Nielsen ◽  
Morten Nielsen ◽  
Jens Kirk Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Light Emitting

scholarly journals Development of a Multiwavelength Visible-Range-Supported Opto–Ultrasound Instrument Using a Light-Emitting Diode and Ultrasound Transducer

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojong Choi ◽  
Jung-Yeol Yeom ◽  
Jae-Myung Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Ultrasound Transducer ◽  
Echo Signal ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Thunnus Obesus

A new multiwavelength visible-range-supported opto–ultrasound instrument using a light-emitting diode and ultrasound transducer was developed in order to produce multiwavelength visible light with minimized color aberration errors, and detect ultrasound signals emitted from the target. In the instrument, the developed optical systems can provide multiwavelength optical transmission with low optical aberration within 10-cm ranges that are reasonably flat in the modulation transfer function at spatial frequencies of 20 and 40 lp/mm, except at the end of the diagonal edge of the samples. To assess the instrument capability, we performed pulse–echo responses with Thunnus obesus eye samples. Focused red, green, blue and white light rays from an integrated red, green and blue LED source were produced, and echo signal amplitudes of 33.53, 34.92, 38.74 and 82.54 mV, respectively, were detected from the Thunnus obesus eye samples by a 10-MHz focused ultrasound transducer. The center frequencies of the echo signal when producing red, green, blue and white LED light in the instrument were 9.02, 9.05, 9.21 and 8.81 MHz, respectively. From these tests, we verify that this instrument can combine red, green and blue LED light to cover different wavelengths in the visible-light range and detect reasonable echo amplitudes from the samples.

scholarly journals Can PDT Alter the Glycosylation of the Tumor Cell Membrane?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Godoi ◽  
Juliana Ferreira Strixino ◽  
Newton Soares da Silva ◽  
Cristina Pacheco Soares
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Cellular Alterations ◽  
Surface Glycoproteins

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that used the interaction of a photosensitizing drug and a light source. PDT can lead to changes in the expression of various cellular elements, compromising cell adhesion, and cytoskeleton integrity in cells undergoing treatment. However, the pathways of cellular alterations caused by this treatment are little known. Alterations in expression in surface glycoproteins and glycolipids are significant features in malignant tumor transformation and are strongly associated with tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. This study evaluated photodynamic therapy effects on indirect distribution surface glycoproteins in human laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cell line surface, using Click-iT™ Metabolic Glycoprotein Labeling Reagent. Aluminum Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) was administrated at 5 μM/mL, followed by one hour of the incubation period for its accumulation in the tumor cells. After this time, cultures were irradiated with LED (light-emitting diode) dispositive (BioPdi/IRRAD-LED) λ = 660 nm. Evaluation of glycoproteins was performed by flow cytometry. Knowledge of the cellular alterations caused by the treatment will allow obtaining tools for the potentiation or optimization and personalization of the anticancer treatment. This therapy has a low cost and better efficacy, when applied early, about radiotherapy chemotherapy.

scholarly journals ANGI-11. SEX DIFFERENCES IN IMAGING-BASED ASSESSMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA INVASION

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi32-vi32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Christine Massey ◽  
Andrea Hawkins-Daarud ◽  
Pamela Jackson ◽  
Rebecca Grove ◽  
Katrina Bakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Primary Glioblastoma ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Glioma Growth

Abstract INTRODUCTION Neuroimaging dogma for glioblastoma asserts that hyperintensity on T1Gd MRI reveals the bulk of the tumor, while T2/FLAIR signal indicates edema. However, it is unclear whether this edema results from immune response or increased tumor cells. Further, one significant driver of the known sex differences in glioblastoma may be differences in immune response, due to the X-linkage of many immune genes. Based on this, we hypothesized that assumptions regarding tumor cellularity in T2/FLAIR images should be tailored to the biological sex of the patient. METHODS Using a retrospective cohort of 18 primary glioblastoma patients receiving multiple image-localized biopsies (82 total) and standard MRI, we assessed: distance of biopsy from T1Gd and T2 areas; a pathologist’s score of percent tumor cell density; and an imaging-based invasion metric, D/ρ. This metric is derived from the biomathematical Proliferation-Invasion model of glioma growth, which features two parameters, net growth rate (ρ) and net invasion rate (D). Their ratio D/ρ is related to degree of invasion, and is estimated from volumetric measurements of MRI abnormalities. Additionally, 25 patient-derived xenograft models implanted in females were grown until moribund, at which point brains were excised and stained for DAPI (to show all cells) and Lamin (to highlight tumor cells). Image processing of lamin-stained sections defines contours of intensity correlating with cell density. RESULTS Outside both the T1Gd and T2 region, male patient biopsies had higher tumor cell densities than females. Males also tended to have higher invasion metrics. Although each set derived from different patients, preclinical metrics of invasion were positively correlated with clinical invasion in females but negatively correlated in males. CONCLUSION Our preliminary finding that cell distribution patterns correlate with imaging metrics differently between the sexes supports the hypothesis that the degree of tumor cell density represented on certain MRI sequences may be sex-specific.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Electric Light Recipes for Red Leaf Lettuce Cultivation in Plant Factories

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Ying Chung ◽  
Ming-Yih Chang ◽  
Chia-Chyi Wu ◽  
Wei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) has high nutritional value and is frequently used in salads. In a plant factory with full electric lighting, if the spectrum is incorrect, then red leaf lettuce will have incomplete coloration. This study aimed to establish a light recipe for the mass production of red leaf lettuce using electric light sources in a plant factory by using indicators for quantitative assessment, including energy yield (EY) [grams of fresh weight (FW) harvested per kilowatt hour of electricity input for lighting], photon yield (PY) (grams of FW harvested per mole of photons delivered), anthocyanin yield per kilowatt hour (EYA), and anthocyanin yield per photon (PYA). First, the effects of four types of light quality on FW and anthocyanin content were examined. Then, two types of light quality, light-emitting diode with a red-to-blue photon ratio of 80:20 (R80:B20) and R20:B80, were selected for an experiment involving five treatments. An optimum light recipe (SR5SB1) including R80:B20 treatment during the early stage of cultivation (weeks 1 through 5 after sowing) followed by R20:B80 treatment during the final stage (week 6) was proposed. The SR5SB1 treatment led to FW, EYA, and PYA of 87.8 g/plant, 1.63 mg/kWh, and 0.57 mg·mol–1, respectively. This treatment resulted in the highest EYA and PYA, with 159% and 256% more anthocyanin productivity, respectively, compared with cool white treatment (with FW, EYA, and PYA of 65.8 g/plant, 0.63 mg/kWh, and 0.16 mg·mol–1, respectively). The proposed SR5SB1 light recipe enabled cultivation of red leaf lettuce with a balanced yield and anthocyanin production.

scholarly journals Inhibition of RANK signaling in breast cancer induces an anti-tumor immune response orchestrated by CD8+ T cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Gómez-Aleza ◽  
Bastien Nguyen ◽  
Guillermo Yoldi ◽  
Marina Ciscar ◽  
Alexandra Barranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Luminal Breast Cancer ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Rank Signaling

AbstractMost breast cancers exhibit low immune infiltration and are unresponsive to immunotherapy. We hypothesized that inhibition of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) signaling pathway may enhance immune activation. Here we report that loss of RANK signaling in mouse tumor cells increases leukocytes, lymphocytes, and CD8+ T cells, and reduces macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. CD8+ T cells mediate the attenuated tumor phenotype observed upon RANK loss, whereas neutrophils, supported by RANK-expressing tumor cells, induce immunosuppression. RANKL inhibition increases the anti-tumor effect of immunotherapies in breast cancer through a tumor cell mediated effect. Comparably, pre-operative single-agent denosumab in premenopausal early-stage breast cancer patients from the Phase-II D-BEYOND clinical trial (NCT01864798) is well tolerated, inhibits RANK pathway and increases tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells. Higher RANK signaling activation in tumors and serum RANKL levels at baseline predict these immune-modulatory effects. No changes in tumor cell proliferation (primary endpoint) or other secondary endpoints are observed. Overall, our preclinical and clinical findings reveal that tumor cells exploit RANK pathway as a mechanism to evade immune surveillance and support the use of RANK pathway inhibitors to prime luminal breast cancer for immunotherapy.

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