scholarly journals Smart Characterization of Rogowski Coils by Using a Synthetized Signal

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mingotti ◽  
Lorenzo Peretto ◽  
Roberto Tinarelli
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Rogowski Coil ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Instrument Transformers ◽  
Rogowski Coils ◽  
Characterization Procedure

With the spread of new Low-Power Instrument Transformers (LPITs), it is fundamental to provide models and characterization procedures to estimate and even predict the LPITs’ behavior. In fact, distribution system operators and designers of network models are looking for all forms of information which may help the management and the control of power networks. For this purpose, the paper wants to contribute to the scientific community presenting a smart characterization procedure which easily provides sufficient information to predict the output signal of a Low-Power Current Transformer (LPCT), the Rogowski coil. The presented procedure is based on a synthetized signal applied to the Rogowski coil. Afterwards, the validity of the procedure is assessed within the Matlab environment and then by applying it on three off-the-shelf Rogowski coils. Simulations and experimental tests and results involving a variety of distorted signals in the power quality frequency range and by adopting a quite simple measurement setup demonstrated the effectiveness and the capability of the procedure to correctly estimate the output of the tested device.

Design and Analysis of PCB Rogowski Coil Current Transformer

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 984-988
Author(s):  
Biao Su ◽  
Li Xue Li ◽  
Yi Hui Zheng ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Rogowski Coil ◽  
Electromagnetic Current ◽  
Current Transformers ◽  
Coil Current ◽  
Electronic Current ◽  
Rogowski Coils ◽  
Electronic Current Transformers

Electronic current transformers are more suitable for the development of power system compared with traditional electromagnetic current transformers. Rogowski coil current transformer is one of three electric current transformers. According to the measurement principle of Rogowski coils, the equivalent circuit of PCB Rogowski coils is analyzed. By using four PCB Rogowski coils combined, a PCB Rogowski coil current transformer is designed and tested. The results show that the designed PCB Rogowski coil transformer has good linearity and high sensitivity and measurement accuracy and it can meet the requirement of power system.

scholarly journals Estimation peculiarities of external polymer insulation reliability of gas-filled instrument transformers

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Zhorniak ◽  
Alexej Afanasiev ◽  
Vitaliy Schus ◽  
Olexij Morozov ◽  
Julia Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Instrument Transformers ◽  
And Performance

In the article, the authors propose a method for estimating the parameters of theoretical distributions for calculating the indicators of operational reliability. In the article, the authors propose a method for estimating the parameters of theoretical distributions for calculating the indicators of the operational reliability of a solid insulating structure of high-voltage devices, which is a supporting insulating cover for high voltage instrument transformers filled with gas as an insulating liquid. This technique makes it possible to estimate the parameters of a new distribution law, which is chosen on the condition that it does not contradict the existing distribution law with its known parameters. The developed technique makes it possible to obtain the values of the indicators of the operational reliability of high-voltage equipment by determining the parameters of theoretical distributions, if the developer is the data of experimental studies or statistical information as a result of monitoring the operation of insulating structures, taking into account the actual operating conditions of such high-voltage devices.  This makes it possible to take into account the influence of external factors and performance characteristics inherent in instrument transformers, both current and voltage. In the proposed methodology, as an example, a supporting insulating casing is considered, which is during operation in the most unfavorable conditions, such as external pollution, humidification, overvoltage, etc. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed by the results of calculations using the example of the design of a current transformer of the ТОГ-362 series. A more accurate determination of the effectiveness of the proposed method for predicting the parameters of theoretical distribution laws can be achieved by performing an additional series of calculations and experimental tests of specific insulating structures. Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to use the results obtained to assess the operational reliability of both gas-filled instrument transformers and similar high-voltage equipment.

Research on PCB Rogowski Current Transformer Based on AD7742

2014 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Xin Lao Wei ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Bing Pang ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Transformer ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Rogowski Coil ◽  
Magnetic Saturation ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Digital Integrator ◽  
Saturation Phenomenon ◽  
Good Linearity ◽  
Rogowski Coils

Rogowski coils is a kind of special structure hollow coils, it has good linearity, no iron core, no magnetic saturation phenomenon and wide measuring range, which has been used to measure all kinds of various changes current. The current transformer consist of PCB Rogowski coil and digital integrator has been designed, includes the structure of PCB Rogowski coils and the principle digital integrator based on AD7742. The test of PCB current transformer show that it has high accuracy and PCB coils has good linearity. It can meet the requirement of current measurement.

scholarly journals Rogowski Coils for Design of Energy Meters for Nigeria Power Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
John Paul I. Iloh
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Power Market ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Rogowski Coil ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Energy Meter ◽  
Rogowski Coils

Proper metering of electricity consumption is the optimal way for effectively recovering revenues for power supplied to the consumers by the distribution companies (DISCOs). In Nigeria, the situation is quite problematic due to inadequate metering of the consumers. As a result, huge amount of revenues due to the DISCOs are left uncollected leaving the DISCOs to resort to estimated billing system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a locally made digital energy meter built from locally available materials in Nigeria. Specifically, this work proposes to use an inexpensive rogowski coil wound from made-in-Nigeria wire on an improvised air core material as the current sensing element to be used in the meter. Two rogowski coil samples wound from SWG 36 and SWG 25 wires having resistances of 50ohm and 1.3 Ohms respectively were subjected to repeated experimental tests in order to study their characteristic behavior under varying load current scenarios. The results obtained were used to characterize the coils behaviors by using the basic fitting tool in MATLAB graphing window to generate the optimal equation representing the coils’ behaviors.  The equations so obtained are intended to be used to program the microcontroller for implementation of the Digital Energy Meter algorithm adopted in the proposed design. Results from the experiment showed that the coil with lower resistance exhibited better linear response while the coil with higher resistance was better optimized by quadratic and cubic polynomials. These findings serve as design guide for local fabrication of the rogowski coils to be used in the proposed digital energy meter being developed for the Nigerian power market.

scholarly journals Low-Power Voltage Transformer Smart Frequency Modeling and Output Prediction up to 2.5 kHz, Using Sinc-Response Approach

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4889
Author(s):  
Abbas Ghaderi ◽  
Alessandro Mingotti ◽  
Lorenzo Peretto ◽  
Roberto Tinarelli
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Output Response ◽  
Instrument Transformers ◽  
Disruptive Change ◽  
New Generation

The instrument transformers scenario is moving towards the adoption of a new generation of low-power instrument transformers. This disruptive change also requires that the modeling, characterization, and testing of those devices must be improved. Therefore, this study focuses on a smart approach developed by the authors in a previous study to estimate the output of low-power voltage transformers (LPVT). The approach—which is based on a sort of modeling in the frequency domain (the so-called sinc-response)—allows obtaining the behavior of the LPVT at rated and distorted conditions. Experimental tests performed on off-the-shelf devices confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach when estimating the output response of LPVTs.

scholarly journals Effect of Proximity, Burden, and Position on the Power Quality Accuracy Performance of Rogowski Coils

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mingotti ◽  
Federica Costa ◽  
Lorenzo Peretto ◽  
Roberto Tinarelli
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Rogowski Coil ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Ratio Error ◽  
Rogowski Coils ◽  
Accuracy Performance ◽  
The Ideal

Power quality evaluation is the process of assessing the actual power network parameters with respect to the ideal conditions. However, several new assets and devices among the grid include mining the voltage and current quality. For example, the power converters needed for renewable energy sources’ connection to the grid, electric vehicles, etc., are some of the main sources of disturbances that inject high-frequency components into the grid. Consequently, instrument transformers (ITs) should be capable of measuring distorted currents and voltages with the same level of accuracy guaranteed for the ideal frequency (50–60 Hz). This is not a simple task if one considers that several other influence quantities endlessly act on the ITs. To this purpose, considering the lack of a standard, this work presents a measurement setup and specific tests for testing a commonly used type of low-power current transformer, the Rogowski coil (RC). In particular, the accuracy performance (ratio error and phase displacement) of the RCs was evaluated when measuring distorted signals while other influence quantities affected the RCs. Such quantities included positioning, burden, and magnetic field. The results indicate which quantities (or combination of them) have the greatest effect on the RC’s accuracy performance.

scholarly journals The role of magnetic sensors in the hybridisation and electrification of vehicles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kramb ◽  
Rolf Slatter
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Rogowski Coil ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Switching Losses ◽  
Current Sensors ◽  
Rogowski Coils

Electrical currents need to be measured in a wide variety of different applications in the field of power electronics. However, the requirements for these measurement devices are becoming steadily more demanding regarding accuracy, size and especially bandwidth. In order to increase the power density of power electronics, as particularly important in the field of electromobility, there is a clear causal chain. Soft switching leads to higher efficiency and higher frequencies, which enable smaller dimensions for a given power output. Higher switching frequencies allow the size of magnetic components to be reduced significantly, resulting in more compact and lighter designs. This trend is now being reinforced by use of new wide bandgap semiconductor materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), as their low on-resistances and low parasitic capacitances reduce switching losses. Conventional current sensor solutions, e.g. hallor shunt based sensors exhibit a limited bandwidth, typically less than 250 kHz. Other current sensors, like those based on the Rogowski-Coil, are capable of highly dynamic current measurement, but are significantly more expensive, larger and hence not suitable for large series applications. Furthermore, Rogowski-Coils are only capable of measuring alternating currents (AC), which prevents their use in applications where DC currents must also be measured. In order to meet the above mentioned requirements, magnetoresistive (MR) current sensors are ideally suited due to the fact that the bandwidth of the magnetoresistive effect extends up into the GHz-range. This paper describes the principle of operation and main performance characteristics of highly integrated MR current sensors and describes their benefits compared to other types of current sensor, in particular with regard to applications in the hybridisation and electrification of vehicles.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of leak hydraulics

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ferrante ◽  
C. Massari ◽  
E. Todini ◽  
B. Brunone ◽  
S. Meniconi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

In recent decades the hydraulics of leaks, i.e. the definition of the relationships linking the hydraulic quantities in pipes with leaks, has received increasing attention. On the one hand, the definition of the relationship between the leak outflow and the relevant parameters – e.g. the leak area and shape, the pressure inside the pipe and outside the leak, and the pipe material – is crucial for pressure control and inverse analysis techniques. On the other hand, if the effect of the leakage on the governing equations is not taken into account, i.e. the loss of the flow axial momentum is not considered, significant errors can be introduced in the simulation of water distribution systems. In this paper, the governing equations for a pipe with a leak are derived. The basic equations, obtained within different approaches, are presented in a consistent formulation and then compared with the results of some experimental tests. The leak jet angle and other major features of the results are analysed. The estimated values of the parameters can be used in the water distribution network models when pipes with a diffuse leakage are considered.

Simulation Model for Assessing Operational Performance of Current Transformers

2007 ◽  
Vol 18-19 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
I. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Current Transformers ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Secondary Current ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
The Core ◽  
Instrument Transformers

In determining the correct operation of relays of a protection scheme, proper representation of instrument transformers and their behavior in conditions where there can be saturation, is very critical. The main objective of this paper is to develop simulation model for assessing the operational performance of Current Transformer (CT). In order to test the validity of the developed model, three cases of CT operational conditions were considered, with data collected from Gombe, 330/132/33kV PHCN substation. The simulation results revealed various configuration performance responses that could affect relay protective schemes to different degrees. The CT responses revealed that the secondary current and voltage were distorted when the core flux linkages exceeded the set 9.2 pu saturation limit. It is concluded that the model developed for the CT of interest yield satisfactory results.

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