scholarly journals The Art of Designing Remote IoT Devices—Technologies and Strategies for a Long Battery Life

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Gilles Callebaut ◽  
Guus Leenders ◽  
Jarne Van Mulders ◽  
Geoffrey Ottoy ◽  
Lieven De Strycker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Iot Devices

Long-range wireless connectivity technologies for sensors and actuators open the door for a variety of new Internet of Things (IoT) applications. These technologies can be deployed to establish new monitoring capabilities and enhance efficiency of services in a rich diversity of domains. Low energy consumption is essential to enable battery-powered IoT nodes with a long autonomy. This paper explains the challenges posed by combining low-power and long-range connectivity. An energy breakdown demonstrates the dominance of transmit and sleep energy. The principles for achieving both low-power and wide-area are outlined, and the landscape of available networking technologies that are suited to connect remote IoT nodes is sketched. The typical anatomy of such a node is presented, and the subsystems are zoomed into. The art of designing remote IoT devices requires an application-oriented approach, where a meticulous design and smart operation are essential to grant a long battery life. In particular we demonstrate the importance of strategies such as “think before you talk” and “race to sleep”. As maintenance of IoT nodes is often cumbersome due to being deployed at hard to reach places, extending the battery life of these devices is critical. Moreover, the environmental impact of batteries further demonstrates the need for a longer battery life in order to reduce the number of batteries used.

scholarly journals Rural Healthcare IoT Architecture Based on Low-Energy LoRa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7660
Author(s):  
Ace Dimitrievski ◽  
Sonja Filiposka ◽  
Francisco José Melero ◽  
Eftim Zdravevski ◽  
Petre Lameski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
Iot Devices

Connected health is expected to introduce an improvement in providing healthcare and doctor-patient communication while at the same time reducing cost. Connected health would introduce an even more significant gap between healthcare quality for urban areas with physical proximity and better communication to providers and the portion of rural areas with numerous connectivity issues. We identify these challenges using user scenarios and propose LoRa based architecture for addressing these challenges. We focus on the energy management of battery-powered, affordable IoT devices for long-term operation, providing important information about the care receivers’ well-being. Using an external ultra-low-power timer, we extended the battery life in the order of tens of times, compared to relying on low power modes of the microcontroller.

scholarly journals Rede de Sensores Sem Fio para Monitoramento de Variáveis de Ambiente

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas José da Cunha ◽  
Paulo Roberto Oliveira Valim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

This research has the objective of implementing a sensors networkfor monitoring variable of environments using an IoT(Internet ofThings) technology focused on low energy consumption and longrange. The idea is to implement this network using LoRa technologyand LoRaWaN protocol. For a better utilization, it will be used andtested different LoRa parameters to communicate the nodes aimingshow the impacts of these parameters changes in long range, withconsistent data and low power consumption.

Design and implementation of a long-range low-power wake-up radio for IoT devices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Froytlog ◽  
Magne Arild Haglund ◽  
Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi ◽  
Thomas Jordbru ◽  
Rolf Arne Kjellby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Iot Devices

scholarly journals LoPT : LoRa Penetration Testing Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 374-379
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Testing Tool ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Long Range Communication ◽  
Security Enhancements

The advent of Wireless technologies and IOT are currently ruling the modern world. Everything is going to become Things in future. As the technology progresses , the security of those technologies must also progress with an steady rate. Security tools which will help us to analyze these advanced security enhancements and protocols implemented. In this study , we are going to implement new security tool which concentrates on penetration testing of one such IOT protocol. This tool concentrates on the protocol named LoRa used for wireless long range communication in IOT. The proposed tool will explore all the possible attacks on LoRa protocol which we will see about in detail in the upcoming sections. LoPT is a new penetration testing tool which will work on LoRa (Long Range),a wireless standard used for long range low power communication on IOT devices primarily. This newly bloomed flower performs an effective domination on the field of IOT. Currently there is no existing penetration testing tool for LoRa. Though LoRa has its inbuilt security , there are major vulnerabilities which can be explored . This tool is built primarily on the concept of There’s no such thing as 100

scholarly journals Highly Integrable Paper-Based Harmonic Transponder for Low-Power and Long-Range IoT Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 3196-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Palazzi ◽  
Federico Alimenti ◽  
Christos Kalialakis ◽  
Paolo Mezzanotte ◽  
Apostolos Georgiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Iot Applications

scholarly journals Decentralized P2P Broker for M2M and IoT Applications

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Iván Froiz-Míguez ◽  
Paula Fraga-Lamas ◽  
Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Access Control System ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Access Mechanisms

The recent increase in the number of connected IoT devices, as well as the heterogeneity of the environments where they are deployed, has derived into the growth of the complexity of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication protocols and technologies. In addition, the hardware used by IoT devices has become more powerful and efficient. Such enhancements have made it possible to implement novel decentralized computing architectures like the ones based on edge computing, which offload part of the central server processing by using multiple distributed low-power nodes. In order to ease the deployment and synchronization of decentralized edge computing nodes, this paper describes an M2M distributed protocol based on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communications that can be executed on low-power ARM devices. In addition, this paper proposes to make use of brokerless communications by using a distributed publication/subscription protocol. Thanks to the fact that information is stored in a distributed way among the nodes of the swarm and since each node can implement a specific access control system, the proposed system is able to make use of write access mechanisms and encryption for the stored data so that the rest of the nodes cannot access sensitive information. In order to test the feasibility of the proposed approach, a comparison with an Message-Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) based architecture is performed in terms of latency, network consumption and performance.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Adaptive Hierarchical Low-Power Long-Range Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Amaxilatis ◽  
Ioannis Chatzigiannakis
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Hierarchical Communication ◽  
Time Required

A new phase of evolution of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication has started where vertical Internet of Things (IoT) deployments dedicated to a single application domain gradually change to multi-purpose IoT infrastructures that service different applications across multiple industries. New networking technologies are being deployed operating over sub-GHz frequency bands that enable multi-tenant connectivity over long distances and increase network capacity by enforcing low transmission rates to increase network capacity. Such networking technologies allow cloud-based platforms to be connected with large numbers of IoT devices deployed several kilometres from the edges of the network. Despite the rapid uptake of Long-power Wide-area Networks (LPWANs), it remains unclear how to organize the wireless sensor network in a scaleable and adaptive way. This paper introduces a hierarchical communication scheme that utilizes the new capabilities of Long-Range Wireless Sensor Networking technologies by combining them with broadly used 802.11.4-based low-range low-power technologies. The design of the hierarchical scheme is presented in detail along with the technical details on the implementation in real-world hardware platforms. A platform-agnostic software firmware is produced that is evaluated in real-world large-scale testbeds. The performance of the networking scheme is evaluated through a series of experimental scenarios that generate environments with varying channel quality, failing nodes, and mobile nodes. The performance is evaluated in terms of the overall time required to organize the network and setup a hierarchy, the energy consumption and the overall lifetime of the network, as well as the ability to adapt to channel failures. The experimental analysis indicate that the combination of long-range and short-range networking technologies can lead to scalable solutions that can service concurrently multiple applications.

scholarly journals Energy-Aware Security Adaptation for Low-Power IoT Applications

Network ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Miguel Rosendo ◽  
Jorge Granjal
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The One

The constant evolution in communication infrastructures will enable new Internet of Things (IoT) applications, particularly in areas that, up to today, have been mostly enabled by closed or proprietary technologies. Such applications will be enabled by a myriad of wireless communication technologies designed for all types of IoT devices, among which are the Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) or other Low-power and Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) communication technologies. This applies to many critical environments, such as industrial control and healthcare, where wireless communications are yet to be broadly adopted. Two fundamental requirements to effectively support upcoming critical IoT applications are those of energy management and security. We may note that those are, in fact, contradictory goals. On the one hand, many IoT devices depend on the usage of batteries while, on the other hand, adequate security mechanisms need to be in place to protect devices and communications from threats against their stability and security. With thismotivation in mind, we propose a solution to address the management, in tandem, of security and energy in LoRaWAN IoT communication environments. We propose and evaluate an architecture in the context of which adaptation logic is used to manage security and energy dynamically, with the goal of guaranteeing appropriate security, while promoting the lifetime of constrained sensing devices. The proposed solution was implemented and experimentally evaluated and was observed to successfully manage security and energy. Security and energy are managed in line with the requirements of the application at hand, the characteristics of the constrained sensing devices employed and the detection, as well as the threat, of particular types of attacks.

scholarly journals LORA Technology Basics and Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Dr. R. Harini
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Low Bit Rate ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Chirp Spread Spectrum ◽  
Sensor Information

The Long Range (LoRa) technology was first developed by SemTech Company. LoRa is a wireless technology developed for long-range, low-power, low-bit rate and chirp spread spectrum (CSS) radio modulation technology, it also provides the ability to connect to sensors more than 15-30 miles away in rural areas.In this study, we present the LoRa system architecture with the functionality of each component and several typical application scenarios of LoRa network.LoRa is widely used into many applications, such as smart metering, factory monitoring and also it can be used to provide sensor information to communities to provide disaster alerts. LoRa networks allow for very long wireless links that can connect villages and towns. LoRa network is emerging as one of the most promising Low Power Wide Area networks (LPWAN).LPWANs represent a new trend in the evolution of the wireless communication designed to enable broad range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

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