scholarly journals An Adaptive Game-Based Learning Strategy for Children Road Safety Education and Practice in Virtual Space

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3661
Author(s):  
Noman Khan ◽  
Khan Muhammad ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Mansoor Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Munsif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
The Road

Virtual reality (VR) has been widely used as a tool to assist people by letting them learn and simulate situations that are too dangerous and risky to practice in real life, and one of these is road safety training for children. Traditional video- and presentation-based road safety training has average output results as it lacks physical practice and the involvement of children during training, without any practical testing examination to check the learned abilities of a child before their exposure to real-world environments. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a 3D realistic open-ended VR and Kinect sensor-based training setup using the Unity game engine, wherein children are educated and involved in road safety exercises. The proposed system applies the concepts of VR in a game-like setting to let the children learn about traffic rules and practice them in their homes without any risk of being exposed to the outside environment. Thus, with our interactive and immersive training environment, we aim to minimize road accidents involving children and contribute to the generic domain of healthcare. Furthermore, the proposed framework evaluates the overall performance of the students in a virtual environment (VE) to develop their road-awareness skills. To ensure safety, the proposed system has an extra examination layer for children’s abilities evaluation, whereby a child is considered fit for real-world practice in cases where they fulfil certain criteria by achieving set scores. To show the robustness and stability of the proposed system, we conduct four types of subjective activities by involving a group of ten students with average grades in their classes. The experimental results show the positive effect of the proposed system in improving the road crossing behavior of the children.

scholarly journals The efficacy of road safety education to prevent pedestrian fatalities in Limpopo Province (South Africa)

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 995-1009
Author(s):  
Mmakwena Modipa ◽  
Sean Kockott ◽  
Adewale Olutola
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Education Department ◽  
The Road ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road

This paper explores road safety education to prevent pedestrian fatalities in Limpopo Province. Pedestrian safety remains one of the main challenges for road safety authorities as many road users are losing their lives on the road. The inability of both pedestrians and motorists to understand and interpret the rules of the road is a major problem in Limpopo Province. The study utilised quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 195 respondents. Comprises of 15 civil engineering companies, 23 civil society organisations, 52 community members, 51 teachers and 54 traffic police officials. The findings from the study revealed among many others, that 64.1% of respondents agreed that non-involvement of parents in road safety education contribute to pedestrian fatalities; 61% of the respondents agreed that ineffective scholar patrol contribute to pedestrian fatalities; 67.2% of the respondents agreed that lack of professional support in road safety contribute to pedestrian fatalities and 72% of the respondents agreed that limited resources in road safety contribute to pedestrian fatalities. Based on the findings, the author provided, possible recommendations such as; Department of Transport and Education should involve parents/guardians in road safety education; Department of Education should review scholar patrol to ensure that it assist positively in preventing pedestrian fatalities; Traffic authorities should partner with academics to provide road safety policies and strategies; Department of Transport should partner with private sector to provide resources for road safety education in Limpopo Province.

scholarly journals An investigation into road safety education in KwaZulu-Natal

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Neeraj Sunker
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults

Road fatalities claim more than one million lives annually worldwide. The emotional, social and economic impact of road traffic fatalities demands urgent attention globally. This epidemic of road traffic fatalities is plaguing everyone, especially the poorer nations. Some countries like Australia and Sweden have been more successful than others in combating this epidemic. South Africa is currently seeking strategies to combat this epidemic because South Africa’s road traffic fatalities have been increasing annually, with a substantial percentage of teenagers and young adults between the ages of 16 and 29 contributing to these statistics. This age group will become or already have become part of the economically active population and concern is mounting as to why this particular age group is vulnerable. This thesis provides an overview of the road safety problem globally, nationally, provincially and locally and also looks at the historical factors that have contributed to this problem. The Victorian model, which has been classified as the ‘world’s best practice’, has been reviewed. A pilot survey was conducted at the Mangosuthu Technikon and the focal survey was conducted at the tertiary institutions in the Durban area. Students from this sector were selected as they fall in the most vulnerable age group and data was collected from them on various aspects of road safety. On analysing the data, various problems were identified, in particular, lack of resources and limited education pertaining to road safety. A range of possible solutions is recommended and the focus areas are the 3E’s namely: education, enforcement and engineering. However, the focal recommendation is on education and looks at the possibility of introducing learner’s licence testing to the grade 12 syllabi.

CROSSING THE ROAD IN BRITAIN, 1931–1976

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOE MORAN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
The Road ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
History Of

This article explores the history of crossing the road in Britain from the traffic acts of the early 1930s to the introduction of the Green Cross Code in the early 1970s. It reconstructs this history through the examination of government documents, press releases, newspaper articles, newsreels, public information films, and other road safety materials. Since the interwar period, British governments have become progressively more involved in policing the activity of crossing the road, and there have been two main planks of policy. The first has been to design progressively more sophisticated crossings; the second has been road safety education, including advice about how to use the crossings, disseminated through school crossing patrols, children's clubs, and public information films. Governments have generally relied on appeals to good sense and civic duty rather than legally enforceable rules about crossing the road, and have sought to follow as well as lead public opinion in determining how much to coerce both pedestrians and motorists. The formulation of policy in relation to public attitudes and media responses means that crossing the road during this period has interesting implications for both political and cultural history.

scholarly journals Safe Pedestrian Behaviours among Children Aged 7 to 9 in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Low Fin ◽  
Nurfatin Suhaimi ◽  
Nur Nor ◽  
Amelia Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
Large N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

The present study examined safe pedestrian behaviours according to the Malaysian Road Safety Education module among 7-year-old to 9-year-old children in Malaysia. A survey was conducted with a relatively large (n = 1206) random sample of children aged 7 to 9 years old, drawn from 24 selected schools in six states in Malaysia based on the highest numbers of crash cases. Analysis of one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in safe pedestrian behaviours between different ages. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean score of safe pedestrian behaviours for 7-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 8-year-old children (p = .004) and 9-year-old children (p = .021). No statistically significant difference was revealed between the 8-year-olds and 9-year-olds (p = .859) at the 0.05 level. Although many children reported safe pedestrian behaviours, low levels of certain safe pedestrian behaviours were also reported – less than 30% of the children aged 7 to 9 reported to ‘always’ wear bright clothes, walk against the traffic, and wave at the drivers to cross the road. In addition, a small percentage (9.9-13.6%) of children aged 7 to 9 also reported to ‘always’ wear dark clothes at night, cross the street between parked cars, and run to cross the road. These findings may inform programs to improve children’s safe pedestrian behaviours.

scholarly journals Effect of Road Safety Education on Road Risky Behaviors of Spanish Children and Adolescents: Findings from a National Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Cristina Esteban ◽  
Sergio Useche ◽  
Natura Colomer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
National Study ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Road

Road Safety Education (RSE) is widely known as a reliable determinant of future results for what concerns health and welfare, and as an undisputable factor which contributes to the social behavior of individuals and to their mid and long-term road safety outcomes. However, its development has been relatively scarce in most countries, fact which has contributed to letting matters as delicate as traffic crashes produced by road misbehaviors continue to be a prevalent problem, thus affecting the health of the community. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between demographic and RSE-related variables and the self-reported road risky behavior of Spanish students. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 4,062 (51.5 males and 48.5% females) participants attending primary (47.5%), secondary (40.7%) and high school (11.7%) was gathered through a national survey on RSE and road behaviors. Results: A set of significant associations between demographic factors, RSE variables and self-reported road behaviors was found. Furthermore, the SEM modelling allowed us to establish that age, observed misbehaviors, attitudes towards road safety and risk perception keep a direct link with the road risky behavior of children and young people. The knowledge of traffic rules was not a significant predictor of road behavior. Conclusions: The results of this study show that, together with demographic factors such as age, RSE-related variables have an effect on the road behavior of children and young people. They also suggest the need of strengthening actions to be implemented in road safety (Road Safety Education), into scholar and community levels.

scholarly journals Road Use Behaviour of Urban Primary School Children in Ghana: Case Study of Ablekuma South Education Circuit of Metropolitan Accra

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
I. K. Yankson ◽  
N. K. Nsiah-Achampong ◽  
A. Yeboah-Sarpong
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
Public Primary School

School children form majority of injured children on Ghanaian roads. The objective was to observe the road use behaviour of public primary school pupils in Ablekuma Education Circuit, Accra. This unobtrusive observational study targeted Primary one to six pupils. Five behaviours were studied: Walking while crossing road; Stopping at the kerb; Looking left-right-left before crossing; Keep looking left-right-left while crossing and Facing traffic while walking. 882 pu­pils on their way to or from school were observed from eight schools. A little over two in three children stopped at the kerb before crossing the road while almost three in four children looked for cars before stepping off the kerb. A little over three in four children walked while crossing and less than one in four children kept looking while crossing. Not looking for cars before crossing, not facing on-coming traffic and not keeping looking for cars while crossing, were more associated with boys than girls (p < 0.001; 95%CI in all cases). Girls behaved significant­ly more safely than boys. In stopping at the kerb, there was no difference in gender behaviour (p < 0.135; 95%CI). Child Road Safety Education in Schools and Communities is recommended.

scholarly journals Developing a Scaffolded, Structured Approach to Road Safety Education in Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Graeme Horsnell ◽  
Teresa Senserrick ◽  
Divera Twisk
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
Real World Learning ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
School Curricula

Scaffolding is a well-established approach to education to maximise student learning outcomes. The premise of this paper is that there is a need for formal, scaffolded road safety education (RSE) which can be delivered in schools in Australasia. This paper supports the education system as being expert in matching human growth and developing scaffolds on which to build learning stages and presents arguments to show that an RSE scaffold can and should be drawn up. Schools can provide a structured in-class and real world learning experiences within that scaffold, which, with suitable communication, can be backed up by the home and the broader community. An integrated RSE scaffold across primary through secondary schooling is currently lacking in Australasia, but could be readily integrated in current school curricula. This paper calls for such developments and welcomes further debate and implementation of next steps to achieve this.

scholarly journals Road Use Pattern and Street Crossing Habits of Schoolchildren in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnarayan R. Tiwari ◽  
Shruti Patel ◽  
Annie Soju ◽  
Prarthana Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Road ◽  
Street Crossing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) contribute significant DALYs in the global burden of diseases. Vulnerable groups particularly pedestrians and children are at an increased risk. Road use pattern, street crossing habits, and road safety awareness are important determinants of RTAs. The present study was carried out to assess the road use pattern and street crossing habits of schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study included 497 schoolchildren of 12–15 years. The interview technique was used as a tool for data collection on a predesigned questionnaire. A total of 40.4% of schoolchildren did not like to go to school alone and wanted somebody from the family to drop them to school. About one quarter of the students were afraid of traffic and expressed their inability to deal with traffic on the road. A total of 10.7% reported crossing the street in groups, and 1.4% reported running while crossing the street. Only 80.9% of students received some form of road safety training, and the parents and schools were the major source of information for such safety training. Age &lt;14 years and a lower level of mother's education were found to be significant contributors for poor road crossing habit in univariate as well as multivariate analysis. The study suggests that the knowledge regarding safe road use and street crossing was lacking among study participants albeit in a small proportion only. Safety aspects can be partly strengthened by imparting practical knowledge about road use pattern, street crossing habits, and road safety procedures.

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