scholarly journals Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5534
Author(s):  
Sina Rezaei Aghdam ◽  
Thomas Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
The Impact

A significant portion of the operating power of a base station is consumed by power amplifiers (PAs). Much of this power is dissipated in the form of heat, as the overall efficiency of currently deployed PAs is typically very low. This is because the structure of conventional precoding techniques typically results in a relatively high variation in output power at different antennas in the array, and many PAs are operated well below saturation to avoid distortion of the transmitted signals. In this work, we use a realistic model for power consumption in PAs and study the impact of power variation across antennas in the array on the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO downlink system. We introduce a family of linear precoding matrices that allow us to control the spatial peak-to-average power ratio by projecting a fraction of the transmitted power onto the null space of the channel. These precoding matrices preserve the structure of conventional precoders; e.g., they suppress multiuser interference when used together with zeroforcing precoding and bring advantages over these precoders by operating PAs in a more power-efficient region and reducing the total radiated distortion. Our numerical results show that by controlling the power variations between antennas in the array and incorporating the nonlinearity properties of PA into the precoder optimization, significant gains in energy efficiency can be achieved over conventional precoding techniques.

Low-Complexity Receiver for Massive MIMO-GFDM Communications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Cheng Tsai ◽  
Fang-Biau Ueng ◽  
Ding-Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Time Reversal ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Pulse Shaping ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Shaping Filter ◽  
Radiated Power

OFDM has two disadvantages. The first is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and the second is high out-of-band (OOB) radiated power. In the future communication applications, the diversified scenarios such as Internet of Things, inter-machine communication and telemedicine make the fourth-generation mobile communication no longer applicable. The generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) has a pulse-shaping filter, which has less out-of-band radiated power and peak-to-average power ratio and fewer cyclic prefixes (CP) than OFDM. In order to meet high- data-transmission rate, it is an inevitable trend to install massive multi-input multi-output (massive MIMO) antennas. As the number of antennas increases, so does its complexity. This paper employs time reversal (TR) technology to reduce the computational complexity. Although the number of base station (BS) antennas has increased to eliminate interference, there is still residual interference. In order to eliminate the interference one step further, we deploy a zero forcing equalization (ZF equalization) after the time reversal combination.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of mmWave Massive MIMO by Modifying the RF Circuit Configuration

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4356
Author(s):  
Peerapong Uthansakul ◽  
Arfat Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal System ◽  
Hybrid Architectures ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Circuit Configuration ◽  
Rf Circuit

Hybrid architectures are used in the Millimeter wave (mmWave) Massive MIMO systems, which use a smaller number of RF chains and reduces the power and energy consumption of the mmWave Massive MIMO systems. However, the majority of the hybrid architectures employs the conventional circuit configuration by connecting each of the RF chains with all the transmitting antennas at the base station. As a result, the conventional circuit configuration requires a large number of phase shifters, combiners, and low-end amplifiers. In this paper, we modify the RF circuit configuration by connecting each of the RF chains with some of the transmitting antennas of mmWave Massive MIMO. Furthermore, the hybrid analogue/digital precoders and decoders along with the overall circuit power consumptions are modelled for the modified RF circuit configuration. In addition, we propose the alternating optimization algorithm to enhance the optimal energy efficiency and compute the optimal system parameters of the mmWave Massive MIMO system. The proposed framework provides deeper insights of the optimal system parameters in terms of throughput, consumed power and the corresponding energy efficiency. Finally, the simulation results validate the proposed framework, where it can be seen that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the power and energy consumptions, with a little compromise on the system spectral gain.

scholarly journals Partial Cooperation Based on Dynamic Transmit Antennas for Two-Hop Massive MIMO Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Chunhua Zhu ◽  
Xinying Guo ◽  
Weidong Yang ◽  
Jiankang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Error Performance ◽  
Transmit Antenna Selection ◽  
Green Communication ◽  
Partial Cooperation ◽  
Coded Cooperation

As the ever-increasing attention to green communication, energy efficiency has become an imperative metric in the emerging massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In order to maximize the energy efficiency, transmit antenna selection has been widely concerned by researchers. In this paper, we investigate the coded cooperation transmission for dynamic transmit antennas aided two-hop massive MIMO systems. Explicitly, we propose a rate-less codes aided cooperation scheme for reducing the implementation complexity in the broadcast phase, compared to the fixed-rate coded cooperation scheme. Furthermore, we develop a partial cooperation scheme in the cooperative phase in order to avoid the low achievable rate caused by the full cooperation, especially when the source-to-relay (S-R) channels are poor. Finally, the number of transmit antennas at the base station (BS) is optimized through theoretical analysis in a metric of maximizing the energy efficiency. Moreover, we also analyze the achievable error performance for different modulations. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Augmentation in Massive MIMO Systems through Linear Precoding Schemes and Power Consumption Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rao Muhammad Asif ◽  
Jehangir Arshad ◽  
Mustafa Shakir ◽  
Sohail M. Noman ◽  
Ateeq Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Minimum Mean Squared Error

Massive multiple-input multiple-output or massive MIMO system has great potential for 5th generation (5G) wireless communication systems as it is capable of providing game-changing enhancements in area throughput and energy efficiency (EE). This work proposes a realistic and practically implementable EE model for massive MIMO systems while a general and canonical system model is used for single-cell scenario. Linear processing schemes are used for detection and precoding, i.e., minimum mean squared error (MMSE), zero-forcing (ZF), and maximum ratio transmission (MRT/MRC). Moreover, a power dissipation model is proposed that considers overall power consumption in uplink and downlink communications. The proposed model includes the total power consumed by power amplifier and circuit components at the base station (BS) and single antenna user equipment (UE). An optimal number of BS antennas to serve total UEs and the overall transmitted power are also computed. The simulation results confirm considerable improvements in the gain of area throughput and EE, and it also shows that the optimum area throughput and EE can be realized wherein a larger number of antenna arrays at BS are installed for serving a greater number of UEs.

scholarly journals Quantized Polar Transmitters for Power Efficient Massive MIMO Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Guixian Xu ◽  
Vesa Lampu ◽  
Marko Kosunen ◽  
Kari Stadius ◽  
Jussi Ryynanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Polar Transmitters

scholarly journals Towards Optimal Energy Efficiency in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Papazafeiropoulos ◽  
H. Q. Ngo ◽  
P. Kourtessis ◽  
S. Chatzinotas ◽  
J. M. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Optimal Energy

A companding approach for PAPR suppression in OFDM based massive MIMO system

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pritam Keshari Sahoo ◽  
Yogendra Kumar Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Convex Optimization Problem ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mimo Ofdm

Abstract Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based massive multiuser (MU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is popularly known as high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) issue. The OFDM-based massive MIMO system exhibits large number of antennas at Base Station (BS) due to the use of large number of high-power amplifiers (HPA). High PAPR causes HPAs to work in a nonlinear region, and hardware cost of nonlinear HPAs are very high and also power inefficient. Hence, to tackle this problem, this manuscript suggests a novel scheme based on the joint MU precoding and PAPR minimization (PP) expressed as a convex optimization problem solved by steepest gradient descent (GD) with μ-law companding approach. Therefore, we develop a new scheme mentioned to as MU-PP-GDs with μ-law companding to minimize PAPR by compressing and enlarging of massive MIMO OFDM signals simultaneously. At CCDF = 10−3, the proposed scheme (MU-PP-GDs with μ-law companding for Iterations = 100) minimizes the PAPR to 3.70 dB which is better than that of MU-PP-GDs, (iteration = 100) as shown in simulation results.

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