scholarly journals Sensing of Microvascular Vasomotion Using Consumer Camera

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6256
Author(s):  
Itaru Kaneko ◽  
Yutaka Yoshida ◽  
Emi Yuda ◽  
Junichiro Hayano
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Dynamic Phenomenon ◽  
Medical Purpose ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Propagation Pattern

In this paper, we will introduce a method for observing microvascular waves (MVW) by extracting different images from the available images in the video taken with consumer cameras. Microvascular vasomotion is a dynamic phenomenon that can fluctuate over time for a variety of reasons and its sensing is used for variety of purposes. The special device, a side stream dark field camera (SDF camera) was developed in 2015 for the medical purpose to observe blood flow from above the epidermis. However, without using SDF cameras, smart signal processing can be combined with a consumer camera to analyze the global motion of microvascular vasomotion. MVW is a propagation pattern of microvascular vasomotions which reflects biological properties of vascular network. In addition, even without SDF cameras, MVW can be analyzed as a spatial and temporal pattern of microvascular vasomotion using a combination of advanced signal processing with consumer cameras. In this paper, we will demonstrate that such vascular movements and MVW can be observed using a consumer cameras. We also show a classification using it.

scholarly journals Estudio de la microcirculación cerebral en el traumatismo craneoencefálico mediante el sistema Side Stream Dark Field (SDF)

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Pérez-Bárcena ◽  
Javier Ibáñez ◽  
Marta Brell ◽  
Pedro Llinás ◽  
Josep Maria Abadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
El Sistema

scholarly journals Intramuscular Exposure to a Lethal Dose of Ricin Toxin Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding and Microvascular Flow Abnormality in Mice and Swine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12345
Author(s):  
Anita Sapoznikov ◽  
Yoav Gal ◽  
Yentl Evgy ◽  
Moshe Aftalion ◽  
Shahaf Katalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Ricin Toxin ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Microcirculation Dysfunction

Ricin toxin isolated from the castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most potent and lethal molecules known. While the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of ricin poisoning by the parenteral route, i.e., intramuscular penetration, have been described recently in various animal models, the preceding mechanism underlying the clinical manifestations of systemic ricin poisoning has not been completely defined. Here, we show that following intramuscular administration, ricin bound preferentially to the vasculature in both mice and swine, leading to coagulopathy and widespread hemorrhages. Increased levels of circulating VEGF and decreased expression of vascular VE-cadherin caused blood vessel impairment, thereby promoting hyperpermeability in various organs. Elevated levels of soluble heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid and syndecan-1 were measured in blood samples following ricin intoxication, indicating that the vascular glycocalyx of both mice and swine underwent extensive damage. Finally, by using side-stream dark field intravital microscopy imaging, we determined that ricin poisoning leads to microvasculature malfunctioning, as manifested by aberrant blood flow and a significant decrease in the number of diffused microvessels. These findings, which suggest that glycocalyx shedding and microcirculation dysfunction play a major role in the pathology of systemic ricin poisoning, may serve for the formulation of specifically tailored therapies for treating parenteral ricin intoxication.

Abstract 62: Preserved Cerebral Microcirculation After Cardiac Arrest in an Asphyxial Rat Model

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Secher ◽  
Frederik B Hansen ◽  
Else Tønnesen ◽  
Leif østergaard ◽  
Asger Granfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Cerebral Microcirculation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Observation Period

Introduction: Cardiac arrest (CA) carries a dismal prognosis, mainly due to neurological injury. Studies have reported dysfunction of the sublingual microcirculation following cardiac arrest. The objective of the study was to investigate if this microcirculatory dysfunction is also present in the brain after cardiac arrest. Methods: Anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two CA groups and two control groups and observed for 120 min or 360 min following return of spontaneous circulation (CA120min (n=8), Control120min (n=8), CA360min (n=8), and Control360min (n=8)). After ten minutes of ashpyxial induced CA animals were resuscitated using adrenalin and manual CPR. At the end of the observation period, cerebral microcirculation was evaluated by side stream dark field microscopy through a parietal craniotomy, and plasma samples were drawn for endothelial adhesion molecule and inflammatory marker analyses. Animals were monitored with invasive blood pressure, ECG and arterial blood gas samples throughout the study. Results: At the end of the observation period mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in the cardiac arrest groups being 55±12mmHg in the CA120min group and 51±9mmHg in the CA360min group compared to 85±8mmHg in the control groups, whereas PaCO2 was kept in the normal range and did not differ between groups. There was no difference between groups for total vessel density, perfused vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, or microvascular flow index measured in the cerebral cortex. Plasma samples drawn 360 min after return of spontaneous circulation showed a significant increase in E-selectin, L-selectin, I-CAM1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and elastase compared to controls. Between the CA groups E-selectin and elastase showed an increase from 120 to 360 min after resuscitation (p<0.007). Conclusion: Despite a significantly lower mean arterial pressure and elevated levels of soluble endothelial adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, side stream dark field revealed no changes in the cerebral microcirculation in the early post resuscitation period.

USING DIT-FFT ALGORITHM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEIN CODING REGION IN EUKARYOTIC GENE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950002
Author(s):  
Subhajit Kar ◽  
Madhabi Ganguly ◽  
Saptarshi Das
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Digital Signal Processing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Regions

The new research platform on biomedical engineering by Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is playing a vital role in the prediction of protein coding regions (Exons) from genomic sequences with great accuracy. We can determine the protein coding area in DNA sequences with the help of period-3 property. It has been seen that in order to find out the period-3 property, the DFT algorithm is mostly used but in this paper, we have tested FFT algorithm instead of DFT algorithm. DSP is basically concerned with processing numerical sequences. When digital signal processing used in DNA sequences analysis, it requires conversion of base characters sequence to the numerical version. The numerical representation of DNA sequences strongly impacts the biological properties mirrored through the numerical genre. In this work, the proposed technique based on DIT-FFT algorithm has been used to identify the exonic area with the help of integer value representation for transforming the DNA sequences. Digital filters are used to read out period 3 components from the output spectrum and to eliminate the unwanted high frequency noise from DNA sequences. To overcome background noise means to suppress the non-coding regions, i.e., Introns. Proposed algorithm is tested on four nucleotide sequences having single or multiple numbers of exons.

Utilizing Dark Field Electron Microscopy to Produce Lantern Slides

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
J. N. Meador ◽  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Field Electron ◽  
Time Element ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Dark Field Micrographs

The electron microscope is being utilized more and more in clinical laboratories for pathologic diagnosis. One of the major problems in the utilization of the electron microscope for diagnostic purposes is the time element involved. Recent experimentation with rapid embedding has shown that this long phase of the process can be greatly shortened. In rush cases the making of projection slides can be eliminated by taking dark field electron micrographs which show up as a positive ready for use. The major limiting factor for use of dark field micrographs is resolution. However, for conference purposes electron micrographs are usually taken at 2.500X to 8.000X. At these low magnifications the resolution obtained is quite acceptable.

Protamine-DNA interaction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
D.P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
F.P. Ottensmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Dna Double Helix ◽  
Positively Charged

Dark field electron microscopy has been used for the study of the structure of individual macromolecules with a resolution to at least the 5Å level. The use of this technique has been extended to the investigation of structure of interacting molecules, particularly the interaction between DNA and fish protamine, a class of basic nuclear proteins of molecular weight 4,000 daltons.Protamine, which is synthesized during spermatogenesis, binds to chromatin, displaces the somatic histones and wraps up the DNA to fit into the small volume of the sperm head. It has been proposed that protamine, existing as an extended polypeptide, winds around the minor groove of the DNA double helix, with protamine's positively-charged arginines lining up with the negatively-charged phosphates of DNA. However, viewing protamine as an extended protein is inconsistent with the results obtained in our laboratory.

Evaluation of the dark field method for large association of spread DNA

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Field Electron ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron

A number of satisfactory methods are available for the electron microscopy of nicleic acids. These methods concentrated on fragments of nuclear, viral and mitochondrial DNA less than 50 megadaltons, on denaturation and heteroduplex mapping (Davies et al 1971) or on the interaction between proteins and DNA (Brack and Delain 1975). Less attention has been paid to the experimental criteria necessary for spreading and visualisation by dark field electron microscopy of large intact issociations of DNA. This communication will report on those criteria in relation to the ultrastructure of the (approx. 1 x 10-14g) DNA component of the kinetoplast from Trypanosomes. An extraction method has been developed to eliminate native endonucleases and nuclear contamination and to isolate the kinetoplast DNA (KDNA) as a compact network of high molecular weight. In collaboration with Dr. Ch. Brack (Basel [nstitute of Immunology), we studied the conditions necessary to prepare this KDNA Tor dark field electron microscopy using the microdrop spreading technique.

Thin Pyrolytic Graphite Films for Electron Microscope Substrates

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 226-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. N. Riddle ◽  
Benjamin M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Graphite Substrate ◽  
Nickel Substrate ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron

A routine procedure for growing very thin graphite substrate films has been developed. The films are grown pyrolytically in an ultra-high vacuum chamber by exposing (111) epitaxial nickel films to carbon monoxide gas. The nickel serves as a catalyst for the disproportionation of CO through the reaction 2C0 → C + CO2. The nickel catalyst is prepared by evaporation onto artificial mica at 400°C and annealing for 1/2 hour at 600°C in vacuum. Exposure of the annealed nickel to 1 torr CO for 3 hours at 500°C results in the growth of very thin continuous graphite films. The graphite is stripped from its nickel substrate in acid and mounted on holey formvar support films for use as specimen substrates.The graphite films, self-supporting over formvar holes up to five microns in diameter, have been studied by bright and dark field electron microscopy, by electron diffraction, and have been shadowed to reveal their topography and thickness. The films consist of individual crystallites typically a micron across with their basal planes parallel to the surface but oriented in different, apparently random directions about the normal to the basal plane.

Two Investigations into Grain Boundary Structure

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 688-691
Author(s):  
P. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Boundary Dislocation ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

There has been sustained interest over the last few years into both the intrinsic (primary and secondary) structure of grain boundaries and the extrinsic structure e.g. the interaction of matrix dislocations with the boundary. Most of the investigations carried out by electron microscopy have involved only the use of information contained in the transmitted image (bright field, dark field, weak beam etc.). Whilst these imaging modes are appropriate to the cases of relatively coarse intrinsic or extrinsic grain boundary dislocation structures, it is apparent that in principle (and indeed in practice, e.g. (1)-(3)) the diffraction patterns from the boundary can give extra independent information about the fine scale periodic intrinsic structure of the boundary.In this paper I shall describe one investigation into each type of structure using the appropriate method of obtaining the necessary information which has been carried out recently at Tribophysics.

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