scholarly journals ThermoSteg—Covert Channel for Microbolometer Thermographic Cameras

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6395
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sawicki ◽  
Grzegorz Bieszczad ◽  
Tomasz Sosnowski
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Covert Channel ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Imaging Camera

The article presents a new concept—steganography in thermography. Steganography is a technique of hiding information in a non-obvious way and belongs to sciences related to information security. The proposed method, called ThermoSteg, uses a modification of one of the parameters of the thermal imaging camera—integration time—to embed the signal containing hidden information. Integration time changing makes the microbolometer array heat up while reading the sensors. The covert information can be extracted from the stream of thermograms recorded by another thermal camera that observes the first one. The covert channel created with the ThermoSteg method allows the transmission of covert data using a thermal sensor as a wireless data transmitter. This article describes a physical phenomenon that is exploited by the ThermoSteg method and two proposed methods of covert data extraction, and presents the results of experiments.

scholarly journals Covert Communication in Termography - Analysis of Possibilities and Examples

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sawicki ◽  
Grzegorz Bieszczad ◽  
Tomasz Sosnowski ◽  
Mariusz Mścichowski
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Imaging Camera

The article presents a new concept of using thermography – steganography in thermography. Steganography is a technique of hiding information in a non-obvious way and belongs to the field of science related to information security. This article examines three examples of steganographic channels – covert communication channels that use thermal imaging devices in three different ways. The first proposed method uses the possibility of alternating the scene observed by the infrared camera in a way that additional information is included in the thermogram. The second method, called ThermoSteg, uses modification of one of the parameters of the thermal imaging camera (integration time) to embed the signal containing hidden information. The third method is based on digital thermograms and the methods of replacing dead pixels in them by creating the so-called zombie pixels carrying secretive information. Three methods have been implemented under real conditions and proven to work in practice.

scholarly journals Application of G100/120 thermal imaging camera in energy efficiency measuring in building construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pavlovic ◽  
Zarko Barbaric
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Design Construction

A measurement of energy efficiency in the construction industry aims to reduce permanently energy requirements in design, construction and use of new buildings, sannation and reconstruction of the existing ones. Over the long term, with the expected increasing in the price of energy and the development of awareness about energy conservation and environmental protection, thermal imaging methods will certainly find their wide application in the construction industry. Infrared thermal camera is used to estimate the temperature. However, we do not see all the details of interest on the thermal image, therefore we suggest using the fusion of visual and thermal images of the same part of the building recorded simultaneously. The analysis images of the object obtained by fusion of television and infrared thermal imaging shows the areas of interest for further processing.

scholarly journals Unsharpness of Thermograms in Thermography Diagnostics of Electronic Elements

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Dziarski ◽  
Arkadiusz Hulewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Dombek ◽  
Ryszard Frąckowiak ◽  
Grzegorz Wiczyński
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Semiconductor Electronic ◽  
Electronic Element ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Electronic Elements

Work temperature is a factor, which has a strong influence on the work of a semiconductor electronic element. Operation of an electronic element in an excessive temperature causes the element not to work correctly. For this reason, monitoring the temperature of the element is necessary. One of the methods, which allows the monitoring of electronic element temperature is thermography. This non-contact method can also be used during the operation of the electronic element. The reading of a thermal camera depends on several factors. One of these factors is the sharpness of the registered thermograms. For this reason, research was carried out to develop a simple tool that allows a clear classification of thermograms of electronic elements into sharp and unsharp thermograms. In the research carried-out, the sharpness of the registered thermograms of electronic elements was determined by different sharpness measures. In the research, it was shown that in the case of thermograms classified as sharp, a smaller error of temperature measurement was obtained with the use of a thermal imaging camera.

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110237
Author(s):  
Ari Leshno ◽  
Ori Stern ◽  
Yaniv Barkana ◽  
Noa Kapelushnik ◽  
Reut Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immune response are part of the sequence of pathological events leading to optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Changes in tissue temperature due to inflammation can be measured by thermographic imaging. We investigated the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile of glaucomatous eyes to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] or pseudo exfoliation glaucoma [PXFG]) treated at the Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center (11/2019–11/2020.) were recruited. Healthy subjects with no ocular disease served as controls. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for OST acquisition. Room and body temperatures were recorded, and the mean temperatures of the medial cantus, lateral cantus, and cornea were calculated with image processing software. Results: Thermographic images were obtained from 52 subjects (52 eyes: 25 POAG and 27 PXFG) and 66 controls (66 eyes). Eyes with glaucoma had a significantly higher OST compared to controls (mean 0.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.005). The difference between the two groups remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and room and body temperatures. Lens status and topical IOP-lowering medication did not significantly affect OST. A subgroup analysis revealed that the OST was higher among eyes with POAG compared to eyes with PXFG, but not significantly. Conclusions: Differences in the OST between glaucomatous and normal eyes strengthens current thinking that inflammation affects the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic value of thermographic evaluations in these patients.

scholarly journals Thermal Imaging Study to Determine the Operational Condition of a Conveyor Belt Drive System Structure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Dawid Szurgacz ◽  
Sergey Zhironkin ◽  
Stefan Vöth ◽  
Jiří Pokorný ◽  
A.J.S. (Sam) Spearing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Thermal Imaging Camera ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Maintenance Service

The paper discusses the results of a study carried out to determine the thermal condition of a conveyor power unit using a thermal imaging camera. The tests covered conveyors in the main haulage system carrying coal from a longwall. The measurements were taken with a thermal imaging diagnostic method which measures infrared radiation emitted by an object. This technology provides a means of assessing the imminence and severity of a possible failure or damage. The method is a non-contact measuring technique and offers great advantages in an underground mine. The thermograms were analysed by comparing the temperature distribution. An analysis of the operating time of the conveyors was also carried out and the causes of the thermal condition were determined. The main purpose of the research was to detect changes in thermal state during the operation of a belt conveyor that could indicate failure and permit early maintenance and eliminate the chance of a fire. The article also discusses the construction and principle of operation of a thermal imaging camera. The findings obtained from the research analysis on determining the thermal condition of the conveyor drive unit are a valuable source of information for the mine’s maintenance service.

Rewetting Analysis of Hot Moving Surface by Round Water Jet Impingement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avadhesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mayank Modak ◽  
Santosh K. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Axial Distance ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Moving Plate ◽  
Thermal Imaging Camera ◽  
Plate Velocity ◽  
Imaging Camera

Impinging jets are commonly utilized in the run-out table (ROT) cooling in the hot rolling process in steel manufacturing industries. The phenomenon of rapid cooling of a sufficiently hot surface is termed as the quenching. The present paper reports the rewetting behavior of 0.15 mm thick hot moving stainless steel foil (SS-304) by circular impinging jet from bottom side through experimental investigation. The transient temperature of the hot foil is recorded by using thermal imaging camera (A655sc, FLIR system). Tests are performed for a varied range of Reynolds number (Re = 2500–10000), nozzle to plate distance (z/d = 6), moving plate velocity (0–40 mm/s) and initial surface temperature 500±10 °C. Transient temperature obtained from thermal imaging camera is used to evaluate rewetting time and rewetting velocity. Based on the experimental investigation correlation has been proposed to predict non-dimensional rewetting velocity as a function of various parameters, namely, Reynolds number, non-dimensional axial distance and moving plate velocity.

MOEMS thermal imaging camera

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fatih Toy ◽  
Onur Ferhanoglu ◽  
Hamdi Torun ◽  
F. Levent Degertekin ◽  
Hakan Urey
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal Imaging Camera ◽  
Imaging Camera

scholarly journals Thermal Imaging Metrology Using High Dynamic Range Near-Infrared Photovoltaic-Mode Camera

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6151
Author(s):  
Thomas B. O. Rockett ◽  
Nicholas A. Boone ◽  
Robert D. Richards ◽  
Jon R. Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Photovoltaic Mode ◽  
High Dynamic

The measurement of a wide temperature range in a scene requires hardware capable of high dynamic range imaging. We describe a novel near-infrared thermal imaging system operating at a wavelength of 940 nm based on a commercial photovoltaic mode high dynamic range camera and analyse its measurement uncertainty. The system is capable of measuring over an unprecedently wide temperature range; however, this comes at the cost of a reduced temperature resolution and increased uncertainty compared to a conventional CMOS camera operating in photodetective mode. Despite this, the photovoltaic mode thermal camera has an acceptable level of uncertainty for most thermal imaging applications with an NETD of 4–12 °C and a combined measurement uncertainty of approximately 1% K if a low pixel clock is used. We discuss the various sources of uncertainty and how they might be minimised to further improve the performance of the thermal camera. The thermal camera is a good choice for imaging low frame rate applications that have a wide inter-scene temperature range.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document